Toe, Foot, Ankle, & Heel Info Flashcards
1
Q
How many bones are there in the foot?
A
26
2
Q
How many phalanges does the foot consist of?
A
14
3
Q
How many metatarsals does the foot consist of?
A
5
4
Q
How many tarsals does the foot consist of?
A
7
5
Q
What are phalanges when pertaining to the foot?
A
Toe bones
6
Q
What are metatarsals?
A
Bones of the instep
7
Q
What are tarsals?
A
Ankle bones
8
Q
How many divisions are there of the foot?
A
3
9
Q
What are the three divisions of the foot?
A
- Forefoot
- Midfoot
- Hindfoot
10
Q
What does the forefoot consist of?
A
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges (Toes)
11
Q
What does the midfoot consist of?
A
- 5 Tarsals
- 3 Cuneiforms
- Navicular
- Cuboid
12
Q
How many tarsals are there in the midfoot?
A
5
13
Q
How many cuneiforms are there in the midfoot?
A
3
14
Q
What does the hindfoot consist of?
A
- Talus
- Calcaneus
15
Q
How many surfaces does the foot have?
A
2
16
Q
What are the surfaces of the foot?
A
- Dorsum (Dorsal)
- Plantar
17
Q
What is the dorsum/dorsal surface of the foot?
A
The superior surface of the foot
18
Q
What is the plantar surface of the foot?
A
The inferior surface of the foot
19
Q
What division of the foot consists of the talus & calcaneus?
A
Hindfoot
20
Q
What division of the foot consists of the tarsals, cuneiforms, navicular, & cuboid?
A
Midfoot
21
Q
What division of the foot consists of the metatarsals & phalanges (toes)?
A
Forefoot
22
Q
What is the superior surface of the foot called?
A
Dorsum (Dorsal) surface
23
Q
What is the inferior surface of the foot called?
A
Plantar surface
24
Q
How many arches does the foot have?
A
2
25
What are the arches of the foot?
- Longitudinal (medial & lateral)
- Transverse
26
What are the attributes of the longitudinal arch?
- Shock absorber
- Weight-bearing
- Permits smooth walking
- Medial more pronounced
27
What are the attributes for the transverse arch?
- Runs side-to-side
- Supports longitudinal arch
- Contains cuneiforms & cuboids
28
What does the medial view of the longitudinal arch show?
- 1st Metatarsal
- 1st Cuneiform
- Navicular
- Talus
- Calcaneous
29
What does the lateral view of the longitudinal arch show?
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- Cuboid
30
What does the transverse arch show?
- Cuboid
- 1st cuneiform
- 2nd cuneiform
- 3rd cuneiform
31
The longitudinal arch absorbs _____
Shock
32
Which arch is a weight-bearing arch?
Longitudinal
33
What arch is shock absorbing?
Longitudinal
34
The longitudinal arch permits _______
Smooth walking
35
What arch permits smooth walking?
Longitudinal
36
What side is more pronounced in a longitudinal arch?
Medial
37
Which arch has a more pronounced medial?
Longitudinal
38
Which arch permits side-to-side running?
Transverse
39
The transverse arch runs _______
Side-to-side
40
What does the transverse arch support?
Longitudinal arch
41
Which arch contains the cuneiforms and cuboid?
Transverse arch
42
How many movements does the foot and ankle have?
4
43
What are the 4 movements of the foot & ankle?
- Dorsiflexion
- Plantar flexion
- Inversion (Vargus)
- Eversion (Valgus)
44
Whats another word for vargus?
Inversion
45
Whats another word for inversion?
Vargus
46
Whats another word for eversion?
Valgus
47
Whats another word for valgus?
Eversion
48
What is dorsiflexion?
- Flex ankle joint
- Pointing foot upward
49
What is plantar flexion?
- Extend ankle joint
- Pointing foot downward
50
What is inversion (vargus)?
Turning inward
51
What is eversion (valgus)?
Turning outward
52
What is the movement called when flexing the ankle joint or pointing the foot upward?
Dorsiflexion
53
What is the movement called when extending the ankle joint or pointing the foot downward?
Plantar flexion
54
What is the movement called when turning the foot inward?
Inversion (vargus)
55
What is the movement called when turning the foot outward?
Eversion
56
How many phalanges does the great (big) toe have?
2 (distal & proximal)
57
How many phalanges does the 2nd-5th toe have?
3 (distal, middle, & proximal)
58
What is each phalanx composed of?
- Body
- Base
- Head
59
What part of the phalanx is proximal?
Base
60
What part of the phalanx is distal?
Head
61
The base of the phalanx is ______ and the head is ______
- Proximal
- Distal
62
How are the phalanges of the foot different from the phalanges of the hand?
The phalanges of the foot are smaller & have limited movement
63
How are the metatarsals numbered?
1-5 starting from the medial side of the foot
64
What do the metatarsals consist of?
- Body
- Base
- Head
65
What forms the ball of the foot?
5 metatarsal heads
66
What do the 5 metatarsal heads form in the foot?
The ball of the foot
67
Which metatarsal is the shortest & thickest?
1st metatarsal
68
Which metatarsal is the longest?
2nd metatarsal
69
Which metatarsal contains a prominent tuberosity prone to fracture?
5th metatarsal
70
The 5th metatarsal contains a prominent ______ prone to ______
- Tuberosity
- Fracture
71
The 2nd metatarsal is the ______
Longest
72
1st metatarsal is the ______
Shortest & thickest
73
What is an avulsion fracture?
Fracture of the fifth metatarsal tuberosity
74
What is a fracture of the fifth metatarsal tuberosity called?
Avulsion fracture
75
Whats a jones fracture?
A fracture near the base of the metatarsal
76
What is a fracture near the base of the metatarsal called?
Jones fracture
77
Whats a mid-shaft fracture?
A fracture on the mid-shaft of the metatarsal
78
Whats a fracture on the mid-shaft of the metatarsal called?
Mid-shaft fracture
79
What are the joints of the metatarsals?
- Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint
- Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint
80
How many joints does the metatarsals have?
2
81
How many joints does the phalanges have?
3
82
What are the joints of the phalanges?
- Interphalangeal (IP) joint
- Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) joint
- Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) joint
83
Where are the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints located?
Heads of the metatarsals
84
Where are the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints located?
Bases of metatarsals
85
What joint is located at the bases of the metatarsals?
Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint
86
What joint is located at the heads of the metatarsals?
Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint
87
What digit is the interphalangeal (IP) joint located?
1st digit only
88
What joint is located on the 1st digit?
Interphalangeal (IP) Joint
89
What joints are located on the 2nd to 5th digits?
- Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint
- Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
90
Where is the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint located on the 2nd to 5th digits?
Between the proximal and middle phalanges
91
Where is the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint located on the 2nd to 5th digits?
Between the middle and distal phalnges
92
Where is the interphalangeal (IP) joint located on the 1st digit?
Between the proximal and distal phalanges
93
What are the joints of the foot classified as?
Synovial joints
94
How many tarsals are in the foot?
7
95
What are the tarsals in the foot?
- Calcaneus (Os calcis or heel)
- Talus (Astragalus)
- Navicular (Scaphoid)
- Cuboid
- Medial cuneiform (1st cuneiform)
- Intermediate cuneiform (2nd cuneiform)
- Lateral cuneiform (3rd cuneiform)
96
Whats another word for calcaneus?
Os calcis or heel
97
Whats another word for Os calcis/heel?
Calcaneus
98
Whats another word for talus?
Astragalus
99
Whats another word for astragalus?
Talus
100
Whats another word for navicular?
Scaphoid
101
Whats another word for scaphoid?
Navicular
102
Which tarsal bone does not have an alternate name?
Cuboid
103
Does the cuboid have an alternate name?
No
104
Whats another word for medial cuneiform?
1st cuneiform
105
Whats another word for 1st cuneiform?
Medial cuneiform
106
Whats another word for the intermediate cuneiform?
2nd cuneiform
107
Whats another word for the 2nd cuneiform?
Intermediate cuneiform
108
Whats another word for the lateral cuneiform?
3rd cuneiform
109
Whats another word for the 3rd cuneiform?
Lateral cuneiform
110
What bone is the largest, strongest one in the foot?
Calcaneus
111
The calcaneus is the ____, _______ bone in the foot
- Largest
- Strongest
112
What bone contains 3 articular facets/surfaces that join with the talus?
Calcaneus
113
How many articular facets/ surfaces does the calcaneus have?
3
114
What do the 3 articular facets/surfaces of the calcaneus join with?
Talus
115
What part of the calcaneus joins with the talus?
The 3 articular facets/surfaces
116
What does cuneiform mean?
Wedge-shaped
117
Which bone literally means wedge-shaped?
Cuneiform
118
Which cuneiform is the smallest?
Intermediate (2nd) cuneiform
119
The intermediate cuneiform is the ______
Smallest
120
Which cuneiform is the largest?
Medial (2nd) cuneiform
121
The medial (2nd) cuneiform is the _____
Largest
122
Where does the cuboid lie on the foot?
- Lateral side of the foot
- Distal to calcaneus
- Proximal to the 4th & 5th metatarsals
123
What tarsal lies on the lateral side of the foot, distal to the calcaneus and proximal to the 4th & 5th metatarsals?
Cuboid
124
What tarsal is the cuboid distal to?
Calcaneus
125
What metatarsals is the cuboid proximal to?
4th & 5th metatarsals
126
Where does the navicular (scaphoid) lie?
- Medial side of foot
- Between talus & the 3 cuneiforms
127
What tarsal lies on the medial side of the foot between the talus & 3 cuneiforms?
Navicular (scaphoid)
128
Which tarsals do the navicular (scaphoid) lie between?
Talus & 3 cuneiforms
129
Where is the talus (astragalus) located?
Between the lower leg and calcaneus
130
Which tarsal is located between the lower leg and calcaneus?
Talus (astragalus)
131
Which tarsal is the 2nd largest and most superior?
Talus (astragalus)
132
The talus (astragalus) is the _______ tarsal & the most ______ tarsal
- 2nd largest
- Most superior
133
Which bones in the foot are a common fracture site?
Sesamoid bones
134
The sesamoid bones are a _________
Common fracture site
135
Where are the sesamoid bones located?
The plantar surface by the head of the 1st metatarsal
136
Which bones are located by the plantar surface by the head of the 1st metatarsal?
Sesamoid bones
137
How many sesamoid bones are there?
2
138
What surface are the sesamoid bones located on?
Plantar surface
139
Which metatarsal head are the sesamoid bones located?
1st metatarsal head
140
Are sesamoid bones mostly seen in children or adults?
Adults
141
What is detached from the foot and embedded within two tendons?
Sesamoid bones
142
The sesamoid bones are _________ the foot and ______ within _______
- Detached from
- Embedded
- Two tendons
143
Where are the sesamoid bones embedded in the foot
Two tendons
144
What forms the ankle joint?
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Talus
145
What do the tibia, fibula, & talus form?
Ankle joint
146
What is the ankle joint classified as?
Synovial, hinge joint
147
Where is the lateral malleolus located?
On the fibula
148
Where is the medial malleolus located?
On the tibia
149
What is located on the fibula?
Lateral malleolus
150
What is located on the tibia?
Medial malleolus
151
What is an ankle mortise?
Deep socket formed by the tibia & fibula into which the talus fits
152
What is the deep socket formed by the tibia & fibula into which the talus fits called?
Ankle mortise
