Sinus & Orbits Info Flashcards
1
Q
What are sinuses?
A
Air-containing cavities
2
Q
What are air-containing cavities called?
A
Sinuses
3
Q
Whats another name for sinuses?
A
Paranasal sinuses
4
Q
Where are the sinuses usually situated?
A
- Frontal bone
- Ethmoid bone
- Sphenoid bone
- Maxillary bone
5
Q
What are sinuses formed from?
A
Nasal mucosa
6
Q
What do the sinuses communicate with?
A
Nasal fossas
7
Q
What does the nasal mucosa form?
A
Paranasal sinuses
8
Q
What do the nasal fossas communicate with?
A
Paranasal sinuses
9
Q
What are the functions of the sinus?
A
- Serves as a resonating chamber for the voice
- Decrease weight of the skull by containing air
- Help to warm and moisten inhaled air
- Act as shock absorbers in trauma
- Can possibly control the immune system
10
Q
When does sinus development start?
A
Early in fetal life
11
Q
When do the maxillary sinuses develop?
A
At birth
12
Q
When do the frontal sinuses develop?
A
Around age 6 or 7
13
Q
When do the ethmoid sinuses develop?
A
During puberty
14
Q
When do the sphenoid sinuses develop?
A
Around age 6 or 7
15
Q
When are all sinuses completely developed?
A
By age 17 or 18
16
Q
Which sinuses develop during puberty?
A
Ethmoid sinuses
17
Q
Which sinuses are developed around age 6 or 7?
A
Frontal and sphenoid sinuses
18
Q
Which sinuses are evident at birth?
A
Maxillary sinuses
19
Q
What starts early in the fetal life?
A
Sinus development
20
Q
How many maxillary sinuses are there?
A
2
21
Q
How many Frontal sinuses do we have?
A
1-2
22
Q
How many ethmoid sinuses do we have?
A
Many
23
Q
How many sphenoid sinuses do we have?
A
1-2
24
Q
Which sinus is sometimes absent?
A
Frontal sinus
25
Which sinus is the largest paranasal sinus?
Maxillary
26
What shape is the maxillary sinus?
Pyramid
27
How many walls does the maxillary sinus have?
Three thin walls
28
Maxillary sinuses vary considerable in ________ but are usually _______
- Size & shape
- Symmetric
29
What is the only paranasal sinus not found in a cranial bone?
Maxillary sinuses
30
The maxillary sinus is divided into _______ sinuses by a _______
- 2 sinuses
- complete septum
31
Each sinus of the maxillary sinus is divided into ________ by a __________
- Subcompartments
- Partial Septum
32
The maxillary sinus is the ________ paranasal sinus
Largest
33
Which sinus is pyramid in shape?
Maxillary sinus
34
Which sinus has three thin walls?
Maxillary sinus
35
Which bone is the maxillary sinus not found in?
Cranial bone
36
Infections can start in the ______ and lead into the _______
- Teeth
- Maxillary sinus
37
How many elevations does the sinus floor have?
Several
38
The sinus floor has ______ corresponding to the _____ of the ____ and _____ upper molar teeth
- Several elevations
- Roots
- First
- Second
39
How do the maxillary sinuses drain?
Upwards
40
What does the maxillary sinus drain into?
Middle nasal meatus
41
What is the most common paranasal sinus to retain mucus and fluid?
Maxillary sinus
42
What does the maxillary sinus retain?
Mucus and fluid
43
Which sinus drains upward?
Maxillary sinus
44
What does the maxillary sinus show on x-rays?
Air-fluid level
45
What is the second largest sinus?
Frontal sinus
46
Where is the frontal sinus located?
Posterior to the glabella
47
Where does the frontal sinus drain?
Middle nasal meatus
48
What separates the frontal sinuses?
A septum
49
The frontal sinuses are generally ______ in males than females
Larger
50
Frontal sinuses are _________ in size
Rarely symmetric
51
Usually there are ______ or _____ frontal sinuses or sometimes _______
- 1
- 2
- None
52
The frontal sinuses are the _______ sinus
Second largest
53
Which sinus is located posterior to the glabella?
Frontal sinuses
54
Which sinus is rarely symmetric in size and shape?
Frontal sinuses
55
What sinus is seperated by a septum?
Frontal sinuses
56
Which sinus is generally larger in males than females?
Frontal sinuses
57
The ethmoid sinus is divided into ________
3 main groups
58
What groups is the ethmoid sinus divided into?
- Anterior
- Middle
- Posterior
59
Where are the ethmoid sinuses contained?
Within the lateral masses of the labyrinths of the ethmoid bone
60
How many ethmoid sinuses are there?
Number vary
61
Which sinus is divided into anterior, middle, and posterior?
Ethmoid sinus
62
Which sinus is contained within the lateral masses of the labyrinths of the ethmoid bone?
Ethmoid sinus
63
Which sinus varies in number?
Ethmoid sinus
64
Where does the posterior ethmoid sinuses drain?
Into the superior nasal meatus
65
How many posterior ethmoid sinuses are there?
Varies in number from 2-6
66
Where does the anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses drain?
Into the middle nasal meatus
67
How many anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses are there?
Each group varies in number from 2-8
68
Which sinus drains into the superior nasal meatus?
Posterior ethmoid sinuses
69
Which sinus varies in number from 2-6?
Posterior ethmoid sinus
70
Which ethmoid sinus drains into the middle nasal meatus?
Anterior and middle ethmoid sinus
71
Which sinus varies in number from 2-8?
Anterior and middle ethmoid sinus
72
Where does the sphenoid sinuses drain?
Sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity?
73
How many sphenoid sinuses are there?
Usually one or two
74
Do the sphenoid sinuses exceed more than 2?
No
75
The sphenoid sinuses ______ in size and shape, but are usually ______
- Vary
- Asymmetric
76
Where are the sphenoid sinuses located?
- In the body of the sphenoid bone directly below the sella turcica
- Lies between the dorsum sellas and the posterior ethmoid air cells
77
Which sinus drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity?
Sphenoid sinus
78
Which sinus usually has one or two, but never exceed two?
Sphenoid sinus
79
Which sinus varies in size and shape but is usually asymmetric?
Sphenoid sinus
80
Which sinus is located in the body of the sphenoid bone directly below the sella turcica and lies in between the dorsum sellas and the posterior ethmoid air cells?
Sphenoid sinus
81
How many passages does the osteomeatal complex have and what are they?
- 2
- Infundibulum
- Middle nasal meatus
82
What is sinusitis?
Infection of the sinuses due to obstruction of all or part of the osteomeatal complex
83
What is the osteomeatal complex composed of?
Drainage pathways between the frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid sinuses
84
What is the infection of the sinuses due to obstruction of all or part of the osteomeatal complex called?
Sinusitis
85
What is composed of drainage pathways between the frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid sinuses?
The osteomeatal complex
86
What is has two key passageways from the infundibulum and middle nasal meatus?
Osteomeatal complex
87
How many drainage pathways does the osteomeatal complex have and what are they?
- 3
- Frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid sinuses
88
What are orbits?
Cone-shaped, bony- walled cavities
89
What is the base of the orbit?
The rim of the orbit
90
What is the apex of the orbit?
Posterior portion which corresponds to the optic foramen
91
How many degrees do the orbits project from the OML?
30-degrees superiorly
92
How many degrees do the orbits project from the MSP?
37-degrees away from
93
What are the cone-shapes, bony-walled cavities called?
Orbits
94
What is the rim of the orbit called?
Base
95
What is the posterior portion which corresponds to the optic foramen called?
Apex
96
The orbits project 30-degrees superiorly from the ________
OML
97
The orbits project 37-degrees away from the _______
MSP
98
What does the posterior portion (apex) of the orbits correspond with?
Optic foramen
99
How many bones forms the orbits and what are they?
- 7
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
- Maxilla
- Zygoma
- Lacrimal
- Palatine
100
How many cranial bones forms the orbits? What are they?
- 3
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
101
How many facial bones forms the orbits? What are they?
- 4
- Maxilla
- Zygoma
- Lacrimal
- Palatine
102
What is the circumference of orbit?
The outer rim
103
What is the outer rim?
Circumference of orbit
104
What does the maxilla form of the orbit?
The floor
105
What does the zygoma form of the orbit?
The lateral walls
106
What does the frontal form of the orbit?
orbital plate of the frontal bone forms most of the roof of the orbit
107
What bone forms the floor of the orbits?
Maxilla
108
What bone forms the lateral walls of the orbits?
Zygoma
109
What bones contains an orbital plate that forms most of the roof of the orbit?
Frontal
110
How many holes/openings does each orbit contain? What are they?
- 3
- Optic foramen
- Superior orbital fissure
- Inferior orbital fissure
111
Each orbit contains ____ holes/openings in the _________
- 3
- Posterior portion
112
What is the optic foramen?
A small hole in the sphenoid bone
113
What is the optic foramen a passageway for?
Optic nerve (CN II)
114
What does the optic foramen correspond to?
Apex of the orbit
115
What is the superior orbital fissure?
Opening between the greater and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
116
Where is the superior orbital fissure located?
Lateral to the optic foramen
117
What is the superior orbital fissure a passageway for?
4 cranial nerves (CN III-VI)
118
What is the small hole in the sphenoid bone called?
Optic foramen
119
What has a passageway for the optic nerve (CN II)?
Optic foramen
120
What correspond to the apex of the orbit?
Optic foramen
121
What is another name for optic nerve?
CN II
122
Whats another name for CN II?
Optic nerve
123
What is the opening between the greater and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone?
Superior orbital fissure
124
What is located lateral to the optic foramen?
Superior orbital fissure
125
What is a passageway for 4 cranial nerves (CN III-VI)?
Superior orbital fissure
126
Where is the inferior orbital fissure located?
Between the maxilla, zygomatic bone, and the greater wing of the sphenoid
127
What is the inferior orbital fissure a passageway for?
Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
128
What is a sphenoid strut?
Small root of bone separating the superior orbital fissure and the optic canal
129
What is located between the maxilla, zygomatic bine, and the greater wing of the sphenoid?
Inferior orbital fissure
130
What is a passageway for the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Inferior orbital fissure
131
Whats another name for trigeminal nerve?
CN V
132
Whats another name for CN V?
Trigeminal nerve
133
What is the small root of bone separating the superior orbital fissure and the optic canal?
Sphenoid strut
134
What is the most common fracture to the orbital floor?
Blowout fracture
135
What is a blowout fracture?
When orbit contents "blow out" into the floor of the orbit
136
What usually causes a blowout fracture?
Blunt force trauma
137
What kind if people do you usually see blow out fractures in?
Athletes such as boxers or baseball players
138
A blowout fracture is the _____ fracture to the orbital floor
Most common
139
What is the fracture called when orbit contents "blow out" into the floor of the orbit?
Blowout fracture
140
What orbital fracture is usually caused by blunt force trauma?
Blowout fracture
141
Which fracture is usually seen in athletes such as boxers or baseball players?
Blowout fractures
142
What is a tripod fracture?
A fracture that involves the zygomatic bone and its three connections: Frontal, maxilla, and temporal
143
A tripod fracture heals ______
Rapidly
144
What fracture involves the zygomatic bone and its three connections: Frontal, tempora, and maxilla?
Tripod fracture
145
Which orbital fracture heals rapidly
Tripod fracture
