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RAD 2 > Skull Positioning > Flashcards

Skull Positioning Flashcards

1
Q

What IR is used for all skull images?

A

10x12

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2
Q

What is the SID for all skull images?

A

40”

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3
Q

What structures are seen for an AP Axial skull (Caldwell Method)?

A
  • Entire cranium
  • Orbits are equal distance from the skull borders
  • Symmetric petrous ridges
  • Petrous pyramids lie in the lower 1/3 of the orbit (if angle is used)
  • Orbits appear magnified due to AP positioning
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4
Q

What breathing technique are skull views taken on?

A

Suspended respiration

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5
Q

What structures are seen for an PA Axial skull (Caldwell Method)?

A
  • Entire cranium
  • Orbits are equal distance from the skull borders
  • Symmetric petrous ridges
  • Petrous pyramids lie in the lower 1/3 of the orbit (if angle is used)
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6
Q

What structures are seen for an AP Axial skull (Towne Method)?

A
  • Symmetric petrous pyramids
  • Dorsum sellae seen projected within the foramen magnum
  • Occipital bone and posterior portion of parietal bones are demonstrated
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7
Q

What structures are seen for an PA Axial skull (Haas Method)?

A
  • Symmetric petrous pyramids
  • Dorsum sellae seen projected within the foramen magnum
  • Occipital bone and posterior portion of parietal bones are demonstrated
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8
Q

What structures are seen for a right/left lateral skull?

A
  • Imaging side closest to IR
  • Superimposition of TMJ’s, orbital roofs, mastoid regions, and greater wings of sphenoid
  • Sella turcica in profile
  • No overlap of cervical spine by mandible
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9
Q

What structures are seen for a submentovertical skull?

A
  • Symmetric petrous pyramids
  • Superimposition of mental protuberance over the anterior frontal bone
  • Demonstrates cranial base
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10
Q

What is another name for the submentovertical skull?

A

Schuller method

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11
Q

What is another name for the schuller method?

A

Submentovertical

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12
Q

Where is the CR for a submentovertical skull (Schuller method)?

A
  • Perpendicular to 10ML through sella turcica
  • At MSP between mandibular angles at a level 3/4” anterior to EAM
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13
Q

When do you have to angle to CR for a submentovertical skull (Schuller method)?

A

So that it enters perpendicular to the IOML

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14
Q

For the submentovertical skull (Schuller method), the MSP is _______

A

Perpendicular to IR

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15
Q

How is the patient positioned for a submentovertical skull (Schuller method)?

A
  • Patient is seated upright with head flexed back to place IOML parallel with IR
  • May be done supine, but is more difficult for the patient
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16
Q

What is the CR for a right/left lateral skull?

A

Enters 2” superior to EAM

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17
Q

What baselines for the right /lateral skull must you check for accuracy?

A
  • MSP
  • IOML
  • IP
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18
Q

Where must the MSP, IOML, & IP be for an accurate right/left lateral skull?

A
  • MSP: Parallel to IR
  • IOML: Perpendicular to front edge of IR
  • Perpendicular to IR
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19
Q

Why must you check the MSP, IOML, & IP for a right/left lateral skull?

A

Accuracy

20
Q

How is the patient positioned for a right/left lateral skull?

A
  • Patient is either RAO or LAO
  • Instruct them to “lie on their ear”
21
Q

Why do we do a PA axial skull (Haas method)?

A

If the patient cannot be correctly positioned for the AP axial (towne method)

22
Q

What view do we do if the patient cannot be correctly positioned for the AP axial (towne method)?

A

The PA axial skull (Haas method)

23
Q

What is the angle of the CR for the PA axial skull (Haas method)?

A

25 degrees cephalic

24
Q

What is the CR for the PA axial skull (Haas method)?

A

Enters 1 1/2” below the inion to exit 1 1/2” superior to the nasion

25
Q

Why do you increase the kVp by 5 for the PA axial skull (Haas method) & AP axial skull (Towne method)??

A

To compensate for the large angle

26
Q

What do you increase the kVp by for an AP axial skull (Towne method) & PA axial skull (Haas method)?

A

by 5

27
Q

How is the patient positioned for the PA axial skull (Haas method)?

A

Prone with elbows flexed to place shoulders in the same horizontal plane

28
Q

Where is the MSP & OML for a PA axial skull (Haas method)?

A

Perpendicular to IR

29
Q

How is the patient positioned for an AP axial skull (Towne method)?

A

Supine

30
Q

What is the CR for an AP axial skull (Towne method)?

A

Enters 2 1/2” above the glabella to exit at the foramen magnum passing through the level of the EAM

31
Q

Where is the MSP & OML for an AP axial skull (Towne method)?

A

Perpendicular to IR

32
Q

What is the angle of the CR for an AP axial skull (Towne method)?

A
  • 30 degrees caudal
  • 37 degrees caudal when using IOML
33
Q

Where is the CR for a PA axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A

Exits at the nasion

34
Q

How is the patient positioned for a PA axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A
  • Either prone or upright
  • Forehead and nose resting against the table or bucky
35
Q

What baselines do we need to check for accuracy on an AP axial skull (Caldwell method) & PA axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A

MSP & OML

36
Q

Where is the MSP & OML for a PA axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A

Perpendicular to IR

37
Q

What angle is the CR for a PA axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A
  • 15 degrees caudal
  • 23 degrees caudal when using GML
38
Q

Why would the petrous pyramids fill the orbits for an AP axial skull (Caldwell method) & PA axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A

If there is no angle

39
Q

What would happen if there was no angle on an AP axial skull (Caldwell method) & PA axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A

The petrous pyramids will fill the orbits

40
Q

Some protocols require ______ CR angle for a PA axial skull (Caldwell method)

A

No

41
Q

When would a PA axial skull (Caldwell method) with a perpendicular CR?

A

If the frontal bone is of primary interest

42
Q

What do you do to the CR during a PA axial skull (Caldwell method) if the frontal bone is the primary interest?

A

CR is perpendicular

43
Q

Where is the CR for an AP axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A

Enters at the nasion

44
Q

what is the MSP & OML for an AP axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A

Perpendicular to IR

45
Q

How is the patient positioned for an AP axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A
  • Either upright or supine
  • Back of the head resting on table/bucky
46
Q

What is the angle of the CR for an AP axial skull (Caldwell method)?

A
  • 15 degrees cephalic
  • 23 degrees cephalic if using GML
47
Q
A

RAD 2 (34 decks)

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