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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 > TMJ and Muscles of Mastication > Flashcards

TMJ and Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the condylar process

A

its the articular process of the TMJ

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2
Q

where does the nerve and vessels to the masseter muscle pass through on the mandible

A

the mandibular notch

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3
Q

what is the mandibular symphis

A

where the two halves of the mandible have fused

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4
Q

where is the IAN and its associated artery and vein housed

A

mandibular foramen

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5
Q

what is the relevance of the mylohyoid line with regards to infections and what condition can this cause

A

infections in lower teeth may spread to below mylohyoid line and into flood of the mouth and submandibular region (LUDWIG’S ANGINA)

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6
Q

where does the nerve to the mylohyoid branch off from the IAN

A

the mylohyoid groove

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7
Q

what comprises the TMJ

A

the mandibular fossa of temporal bone and condylar process of mandible

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8
Q

what type of joint is the TMJ

A

a modified hinge (atypical) synovial joint

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9
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the TMJ covered with

A

fibrocartilage

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10
Q

what type of dislocation in the TMJ is most common

A

anterior

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11
Q

how many ligaments are in the TMJ

A

3 (2 extrinsic and 1 intrinsic)

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12
Q

what are the functions of the TMJ ligaments

A

connect mandible to cranium

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13
Q

what are the two extrinsic ligaments

A

sphenomandibular and stylomandibular

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14
Q

what ligament provides passive support to the mandible and runs from the spine of sphenoid to the lingula

A

sphenomandibular ligament

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15
Q

what ligament is a thickening of the capsule of the parotid and runs from the styloid process to angle of the mandible and is not consider to contribute to strength

A

stylomandibular ligament

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16
Q

what is the function of the lateral ligament

A

strengthens TMJ laterally

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17
Q

how many types of movements can the mandible produce and what are they

A

5 - protrusion, retraction, elevation, depression and lateral

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18
Q

what muscles aid the protrusion of the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid

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19
Q

what are protrusive and retractive movements

A

gliding movement between temporal bone and articular disc

20
Q

what muscles aid in retraction of the mandible

A

posterior fibres of temporalis, deep part of masseter and geniohyoid and digastric

21
Q

what muscles aid in elevation of the mandible

A

temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid

22
Q

what muscles aid in depression of the mandible

A

digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid

23
Q

what are elevation/ depression movements

A

hinge and rotational movements between head of mandible and articular disc

24
Q

what are lateral movements and what muscles aid in this

A

grinding and chewing and this is aided by temporalis on the same side and pterygoids on opposite side

25
Q

when is TMJ most unstable

A

during depression as the condylar process moves anteriorly and lies under the articular eminences with mandibular head vulnerable to anterior dislocation

26
Q

what is the position of the mandible at rest

A

the heads of mandible are held in a retracted position in the mandibular fossae and chin is elevated by tonus of the retractors and elevators of mandible

27
Q

how does anterior dislocation of the mandible occur

A

through excessive contraction of lateral pterygoids through yawning (or sometimes a punch to the chin when the mouth is open)

28
Q

what occurs when the TMJ is dislocated

A

the mandible remains depressed and the person cant close their mouth

29
Q

why is posterior dislocation uncommon

A

it is resisted by postglenoid tubercle and strong intrinsic lateral ligament

30
Q

what occurs when there is injury to the articular branches of auriculotemporal nerve supplying the TMJ

A

laxity and instability of TMJ

31
Q

what muscles are involved in elevation of mandible

A

temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid

32
Q

what muscles are involved in depression of the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

33
Q

what muscles are involved in protrusion of the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid, masseter and medial pterygoid

34
Q

what muscles are involved in retrusion of the mandible

A

temporalis

35
Q

what pharyngeal arch are the muscles of mastication derived from

A

first pharyngeal arch

36
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the temporalis

A

O = temporal fossa and fascia
I = coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of ramus

37
Q

what is temporalis innervated by

A

deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of CN V3

38
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the superficial part of the masseter

A

O = maxillary process of zygomatic bone and anterior 2/3rd of inferior border of zygomatic arch
I = angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible

39
Q

what is the masseter innervated by

A

masseteric nerve from anterior trunk of CN V3

40
Q

what is origin and insertion points of the superficial head of the medial pterygoid

A

O = maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of palatine bone
I = angle of mandible

41
Q

what is the origin and insertion points of the deep head of the medial pterygoid

A

O = medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
I = medial surface of ramus

42
Q

what is the medial pterygoid innervated by

A

nerve to the medial ptergoid from main trunk of CN V3

43
Q

what is the origin and insertion point of the upper head of lateral ptergoid

A

O = infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone
I = capsule of TMJ and articular disc

44
Q

what is the origin and insertion points of the lower head of the lateral pterygoid

A

O = lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
I = front of the neck of the mandible (pterygoid fovea)

45
Q

in relation to muscles of mastication, what can cause trismus

A

an IAN block piercing the medial pterygoid causing it to contract reflexively and close the mouth

46
Q

what is the lateral pterygoid innervated by

A

nerve to the lateral pterygoid and buccal nerve from anterior trunk of CN V3

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 (22 decks)

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