Organisation Of The Neck And Posterior Triangle Flashcards
What is the superior border of the neck
Base of skull and inferior border of the mandible
What is the inferior border of the neck
Top of sternum, clavicle, acromion and C7
What are the three compartments of the neck
Visceral compartment
Vascular compartment
Vertebral compartment
What is contained in the visceral compartment
Parts of respiratory and digestive system and endocrine glands
What is contained in the vascular compartment
Blood vessels and nerves (CN X)
What is contained in the vertebral compartment
Cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, muscles and cervical nerves
What are the compartments of the neck divided by
Fascia
What is the purpose of fascia
Protection and containment
Allows structures to slide over each other
What are the two main types of fascia
Superficial or deep
What is superficial fascia
Cervical subcutaneous tissue
And fatty connective tissue
What does the superficial fascia lie between
The dermis and the investing layer of deep fascia
What are the three layers to deep fascia
Investing layer
Pretracheal
Prevertebral
What structures in the face does the superficial fascia attach to
Mandible and facial muscles
Where is the platysma included
The superficial fascia - in the anterolateral aspect of the neck
Where does the investing layer fascia surround
The whole neck completely
What two muscles are enclosed in the investing layer fascia
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
What structures is the investing layer fascia pierced by
External anterior jugular vein and nerves (including cervical plexus)
what is the superior border of the investing layer fascia
superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone, zygomatic arches and inferior border of mandible
what is the inferior border of the investing layer fascia
scapula, clavicle and manubrium
what viscera is enclosed in the pretracheal fascia
trachea, oesophagus, thyroid gland
what is enclosed in the muscular part of the pretracheal fascia
infrahyoid muscles - separates them from trachea and thyroid
what is the superior border of the pretracheal fascia
hyoid bone
what is the inferior border of the pretracheal fascia and what does it blend with
aortic arch - blends with fibrous pericardium
what nerve wraps around and tethers to the omohyoid
right recurrent layrngeal nerve
what is enclosed by the prevertebral fascia
vertebral column and the pre and post vertebral muscles
what is the prevertebral fascia pierced by
cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus
where is the superior attachment for prevertebral fascia
the cranial base
what does the prevertebral fascia blend with inferiorly
endothoracic fascia and anterior longitudinal ligament
what nerve is found to cross over the SCM
accessory nerve
what structures has boundaries with all three layers of deep fascia
carotid sheath
what major structures are found in the carotid sheath
common and internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve
what are the boundaries of the inferior triangle
inferior border of the mandible, anterior border of SCM and midling of neck
what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle
posterior border of SCM, middle 3rd of clavicle and anterior border of trapezius
what is the superior thoracic apeture also known as
thoracic inlet
what nerves are found in the anterior triangle area of the SCM
great auricular, transverse cervical
what are the subdivisions of the posterior triangle
occipital triangle
omoclavicular/ subclavian triangle
what divides the subdivisions of the posterior triangle
inferior belly of the omohyoid
what makes up the roof of the posterior triangle
investing layer fascia, platysma, superficial fascia and skin
what muscles are found at the floor of the posterior triangle
splenius capitis
levator scapulae
anterior, middle and posterior scalenes
what innervates the sternocleidomastoid
accessory nerve
what are the origins of the sternocleidomastoid
manubrium and superior surface of medial 3rd of clavicle
what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid
lateral surface of mastoid process
which cranial nerve crosses the posterior triangle
accessory nerve
what is the action of the SCM when both muscles are acting
draws head forward
what is the action of the SCM when only one muscle acts
tilts head towards ipsilateral shoulder
what is the origin of the trapezius
superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes
what is the insertion of the trapezius
lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
what nerve innervates the trapezius
accessory nerve
what is the function of the trapezius
rotates scapula during abduction of humerus
what is the ansa cervicalis
the anterior rami of c1 - c3
what is the purpose of the ansa cervicalis
innervates the infrahyoid muscles
what blood vessels are found in the posterior triangle
external jugular vein, transverse cervical artery, internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
where does the external jugular vein drain into
subclavian vein
where does the anterior jugular vein drain into
external jugular vein
what structures cross the SCM (3)
external jugular vein
great auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve
what structures cross the posterior triangle (6)
spinal accessory nerve
external jugular vein
lesser occipital nerve
transverse cervical artery
transverse cervical vein
supraclavicular nerves
