Organisation Of The Neck And Posterior Triangle

Question 1

What is the superior border of the neck

Answer 1

Base of skull and inferior border of the mandible

Question 2

What is the inferior border of the neck

Answer 2

Top of sternum, clavicle, acromion and C7

Question 3

What are the three compartments of the neck

Answer 3

Visceral compartment
Vascular compartment
Vertebral compartment

Question 4

What is contained in the visceral compartment

Answer 4

Parts of respiratory and digestive system and endocrine glands

Question 5

What is contained in the vascular compartment

Answer 5

Blood vessels and nerves (CN X)

Question 6

What is contained in the vertebral compartment

Answer 6

Cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, muscles and cervical nerves

Question 7

What are the compartments of the neck divided by

Answer 7

Fascia

Question 8

What is the purpose of fascia

Answer 8

Protection and containment
Allows structures to slide over each other

Question 9

What are the two main types of fascia

Answer 9

Superficial or deep

Question 10

What is superficial fascia

Answer 10

Cervical subcutaneous tissue
And fatty connective tissue

Question 11

What does the superficial fascia lie between

Answer 11

The dermis and the investing layer of deep fascia

Question 12

What are the three layers to deep fascia

Answer 12

Investing layer
Pretracheal
Prevertebral

Question 13

What structures in the face does the superficial fascia attach to

Answer 13

Mandible and facial muscles

Question 14

Where is the platysma included

Answer 14

The superficial fascia - in the anterolateral aspect of the neck

Question 15

Where does the investing layer fascia surround

Answer 15

The whole neck completely

Question 16

What two muscles are enclosed in the investing layer fascia

Answer 16

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

Question 17

What structures is the investing layer fascia pierced by

Answer 17

External anterior jugular vein and nerves (including cervical plexus)

Question 18

what is the superior border of the investing layer fascia

Answer 18

superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone, zygomatic arches and inferior border of mandible

Question 19

what is the inferior border of the investing layer fascia

Answer 19

scapula, clavicle and manubrium

Question 20

what viscera is enclosed in the pretracheal fascia

Answer 20

trachea, oesophagus, thyroid gland

Question 21

what is enclosed in the muscular part of the pretracheal fascia

Answer 21

infrahyoid muscles - separates them from trachea and thyroid

Question 22

what is the superior border of the pretracheal fascia

Answer 22

hyoid bone

Question 23

what is the inferior border of the pretracheal fascia and what does it blend with

Answer 23

aortic arch - blends with fibrous pericardium

Question 24

what nerve wraps around and tethers to the omohyoid

Answer 24

right recurrent layrngeal nerve

Question 25

what is enclosed by the prevertebral fascia

Answer 25

vertebral column and the pre and post vertebral muscles

Question 26

what is the prevertebral fascia pierced by

Answer 26

cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

Question 27

where is the superior attachment for prevertebral fascia

Answer 27

the cranial base

Question 28

what does the prevertebral fascia blend with inferiorly

Answer 28

endothoracic fascia and anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 29

what nerve is found to cross over the SCM

Answer 29

accessory nerve

Question 30

what structures has boundaries with all three layers of deep fascia

Answer 30

carotid sheath

Question 31

what major structures are found in the carotid sheath

Answer 31

common and internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve

Question 32

what are the boundaries of the inferior triangle

Answer 32

inferior border of the mandible, anterior border of SCM and midling of neck

Question 33

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle

Answer 33

posterior border of SCM, middle 3rd of clavicle and anterior border of trapezius

Question 34

what is the superior thoracic apeture also known as

Answer 34

thoracic inlet

Question 35

what nerves are found in the anterior triangle area of the SCM

Answer 35

great auricular, transverse cervical

Question 36

what are the subdivisions of the posterior triangle

Answer 36

occipital triangle omoclavicular/ subclavian triangle

Question 37

what divides the subdivisions of the posterior triangle

Answer 37

inferior belly of the omohyoid

Question 38

what makes up the roof of the posterior triangle

Answer 38

investing layer fascia, platysma, superficial fascia and skin

Question 39

what muscles are found at the floor of the posterior triangle

Answer 39

splenius capitis levator scapulae anterior, middle and posterior scalenes

Question 40

what innervates the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 40

accessory nerve

Question 41

what are the origins of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 41

manubrium and superior surface of medial 3rd of clavicle

Question 42

what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 42

lateral surface of mastoid process

Question 43

which cranial nerve crosses the posterior triangle

Answer 43

accessory nerve

Question 44

what is the action of the SCM when both muscles are acting

Answer 44

draws head forward

Question 45

what is the action of the SCM when only one muscle acts

Answer 45

tilts head towards ipsilateral shoulder

Question 46

what is the origin of the trapezius

Answer 46

superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes

Question 47

what is the insertion of the trapezius

Answer 47

lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Question 48

what nerve innervates the trapezius

Answer 48

accessory nerve

Question 49

what is the function of the trapezius

Answer 49

rotates scapula during abduction of humerus

Question 50

what is the ansa cervicalis

Answer 50

the anterior rami of c1 - c3

Question 51

what is the purpose of the ansa cervicalis

Answer 51

innervates the infrahyoid muscles

Question 52

what blood vessels are found in the posterior triangle

Answer 52

external jugular vein, transverse cervical artery, internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Question 53

where does the external jugular vein drain into

Answer 53

subclavian vein

Question 54

where does the anterior jugular vein drain into

Answer 54

external jugular vein

Question 55

what structures cross the SCM (3)

Answer 55

external jugular vein great auricular nerve transverse cervical nerve

Question 56

what structures cross the posterior triangle (6)

Answer 56

spinal accessory nerve external jugular vein lesser occipital nerve transverse cervical artery transverse cervical vein supraclavicular nerves