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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 > Organisation Of The Neck And Posterior Triangle > Flashcards

Organisation Of The Neck And Posterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior border of the neck

A

Base of skull and inferior border of the mandible

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2
Q

What is the inferior border of the neck

A

Top of sternum, clavicle, acromion and C7

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3
Q

What are the three compartments of the neck

A

Visceral compartment
Vascular compartment
Vertebral compartment

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4
Q

What is contained in the visceral compartment

A

Parts of respiratory and digestive system and endocrine glands

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5
Q

What is contained in the vascular compartment

A

Blood vessels and nerves (CN X)

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6
Q

What is contained in the vertebral compartment

A

Cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, muscles and cervical nerves

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7
Q

What are the compartments of the neck divided by

A

Fascia

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8
Q

What is the purpose of fascia

A

Protection and containment
Allows structures to slide over each other

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9
Q

What are the two main types of fascia

A

Superficial or deep

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10
Q

What is superficial fascia

A

Cervical subcutaneous tissue
And fatty connective tissue

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11
Q

What does the superficial fascia lie between

A

The dermis and the investing layer of deep fascia

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12
Q

What are the three layers to deep fascia

A

Investing layer
Pretracheal
Prevertebral

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13
Q

What structures in the face does the superficial fascia attach to

A

Mandible and facial muscles

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14
Q

Where is the platysma included

A

The superficial fascia - in the anterolateral aspect of the neck

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15
Q

Where does the investing layer fascia surround

A

The whole neck completely

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16
Q

What two muscles are enclosed in the investing layer fascia

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

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17
Q

What structures is the investing layer fascia pierced by

A

External anterior jugular vein and nerves (including cervical plexus)

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18
Q

what is the superior border of the investing layer fascia

A

superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone, zygomatic arches and inferior border of mandible

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19
Q

what is the inferior border of the investing layer fascia

A

scapula, clavicle and manubrium

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20
Q

what viscera is enclosed in the pretracheal fascia

A

trachea, oesophagus, thyroid gland

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21
Q

what is enclosed in the muscular part of the pretracheal fascia

A

infrahyoid muscles - separates them from trachea and thyroid

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22
Q

what is the superior border of the pretracheal fascia

A

hyoid bone

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23
Q

what is the inferior border of the pretracheal fascia and what does it blend with

A

aortic arch - blends with fibrous pericardium

24
Q

what nerve wraps around and tethers to the omohyoid

A

right recurrent layrngeal nerve

25
Q

what is enclosed by the prevertebral fascia

A

vertebral column and the pre and post vertebral muscles

26
Q

what is the prevertebral fascia pierced by

A

cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

27
Q

where is the superior attachment for prevertebral fascia

A

the cranial base

28
Q

what does the prevertebral fascia blend with inferiorly

A

endothoracic fascia and anterior longitudinal ligament

29
Q

what nerve is found to cross over the SCM

A

accessory nerve

30
Q

what structures has boundaries with all three layers of deep fascia

A

carotid sheath

31
Q

what major structures are found in the carotid sheath

A

common and internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve

32
Q

what are the boundaries of the inferior triangle

A

inferior border of the mandible, anterior border of SCM and midling of neck

33
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle

A

posterior border of SCM, middle 3rd of clavicle and anterior border of trapezius

34
Q

what is the superior thoracic apeture also known as

A

thoracic inlet

35
Q

what nerves are found in the anterior triangle area of the SCM

A

great auricular, transverse cervical

36
Q

what are the subdivisions of the posterior triangle

A

occipital triangle
omoclavicular/ subclavian triangle

37
Q

what divides the subdivisions of the posterior triangle

A

inferior belly of the omohyoid

38
Q

what makes up the roof of the posterior triangle

A

investing layer fascia, platysma, superficial fascia and skin

39
Q

what muscles are found at the floor of the posterior triangle

A

splenius capitis
levator scapulae
anterior, middle and posterior scalenes

40
Q

what innervates the sternocleidomastoid

A

accessory nerve

41
Q

what are the origins of the sternocleidomastoid

A

manubrium and superior surface of medial 3rd of clavicle

42
Q

what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid

A

lateral surface of mastoid process

43
Q

which cranial nerve crosses the posterior triangle

A

accessory nerve

44
Q

what is the action of the SCM when both muscles are acting

A

draws head forward

45
Q

what is the action of the SCM when only one muscle acts

A

tilts head towards ipsilateral shoulder

46
Q

what is the origin of the trapezius

A

superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes

47
Q

what is the insertion of the trapezius

A

lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

48
Q

what nerve innervates the trapezius

A

accessory nerve

49
Q

what is the function of the trapezius

A

rotates scapula during abduction of humerus

50
Q

what is the ansa cervicalis

A

the anterior rami of c1 - c3

51
Q

what is the purpose of the ansa cervicalis

A

innervates the infrahyoid muscles

52
Q

what blood vessels are found in the posterior triangle

A

external jugular vein, transverse cervical artery, internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

53
Q

where does the external jugular vein drain into

A

subclavian vein

54
Q

where does the anterior jugular vein drain into

A

external jugular vein

55
Q

what structures cross the SCM (3)

A

external jugular vein
great auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve

56
Q

what structures cross the posterior triangle (6)

A

spinal accessory nerve
external jugular vein
lesser occipital nerve
transverse cervical artery
transverse cervical vein
supraclavicular nerves

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 (22 decks)

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