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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 > Anterior Triangle of the Neck (1) > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle of the Neck (1) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the roof of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

deep investing fascia around muscles

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2
Q

what is the floor of the anterior triangle

A

pretracheal fascia and the carotid sheath

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3
Q

what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle

A

submandibular, submental, carotid and muscular

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4
Q

what is the superior border of the anterior triangle

A

inferior border of the mandible

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5
Q

what is the posterior border of the anterior triangle

A

the anterior triangle of the sternocleidomastoid

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6
Q

what is the anterior border of the anterior triangle

A

midline of neck

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7
Q

what structures are contained in the submandibular region

A

submandibular gland, lymph nodes, parts of CN XII, mylohyoid nerve and parts of the facial artery and vein

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8
Q

what structures are contained in the submental region

A

submental lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

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9
Q

what structures are contained in the carotid region

A

thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, carotid sheath, branches of cervical plexus, superior root of ansa cervicalis, parts of CN XI and CN XII and deep cervical lymph nodes

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10
Q

what structures are contained in the muscular region of the anterior triangle

A

sternohyoid, sternothryoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands

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11
Q

name the suprahyoid muscles (4)

A

mylohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid
geniohyoid

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12
Q

name the infrahyoid muscles (4)

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

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13
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the mylohyoid

A

origin - mylohyoid line on mandible
insertion - body of hyoid bone and fibres of opposite mylohyoid

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14
Q

what is the action of the mylohyoid

A

elevates the hyoid and floor of the mouth and reinforces floor of oral cavity

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15
Q

what is the origin points of the digastric

A

anterior belly - digastric fossa on lower medical aspect of mandible
posterior belly - mastoid notch on medial side of mastoid process

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16
Q

what is the insertion point of the digastric

A

attachment of intermediate tendon at hyoid

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17
Q

what is the function of the anterior belly of digastric

A

raises hyoid bone and opens mouth by lowering the mandible

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18
Q

what is the function of the posterior belly of the digastric

A

elevates and retracts the hyoid bone

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19
Q

what nerve innervates the mylohyoid

A

the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (nerve to the mylohyoid)

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20
Q

what is the anterior belly of digastric muscle innervated by

A

nerve to mylohyoid (V3)

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21
Q

what is the posterior belly of the digastric innervated by

A

digastric branch of the facial nerve

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22
Q

origin and insertion points of stylohyoid

A

O = styloid process
I - = body of hyoid

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23
Q

innervation of stylohyoid

A

facial nerve

24
Q

action of the stylohyoid

A

pulls hyoid bone upwards

25
Q

origin and insertion of geniohyoid

A

O = mandible
I = body of hyoid

26
Q

action of geniohyoid

A

elevates and pulls hyoid forward (fixed mandible)
pulls mandible down and inward (fixed hyoid)

27
Q

innervation of geniohyoid

A

anterior ramus of C1

28
Q

what cranial nerve does the anterior ramus of C1

29
Q

what is the group function of the strap muscles

A

fix hyoid bone and provide attachments for suprahyoid muscles

30
Q

origin and insertion of sternohyoid

A

O = posterior surface of sternoclavicular joint of manubrium
I = body of hyoid medially

31
Q

action of sternohyoid

A

depress hyoid after elevation due to swallowing

32
Q

origin and insertion of superior belly of omohyoid

A

O = intermediate tendon
I = body of hyoid laterally

33
Q

origin and insertion of inferior belly of omohyoid

A

O = superior border of scapula
I = intermediate tendon

34
Q

action of omohyoid

A

depresses and fixes hyoid bone

35
Q

origin and insertion of thyrohyoid

A

O = oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I = greater horn and adjacent body of hyoid

36
Q

action of thyrohyoid

A

depresses hyoid and can raise larynx when hyoid is fixed

37
Q

origin and insertion of sternothyroid

A

O = posterior surface of manubrium
I = oblique line on thyroid catrilage

38
Q

action of sternothyroid

A

draws larynx downward

39
Q

what muscles do the anterior rami of C1 to C3 innervate through ansa cervicalis

A

sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid

40
Q

what is the thyrohyoid innervated by

A

anterior rami of C1 but fibres run with CN XII

41
Q

what is found in the thyroid gland between the left and right lobes

42
Q

what is the pyramidal lobe and where is it

A

midline
remnant of thyroglossal duct

43
Q

what arteries supply the thyroid

A

superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroid artery

44
Q

what is the venous drainage to the thyroid

A

superior thyroid vein
middle thyroid vein
inferior thyroid vein

45
Q

where does the superior thyroid artery arise from

A

the external carotid artery

46
Q

where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from

A

thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery

47
Q

where does the superior thyroid vein and middle thyroid vein drain into

A

inferior jugular vein

48
Q

where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into

A

brachiocephalic vein

49
Q

what is there in around 10% of the population regarding a vessel of the thyroid

A

thyroid IMA artery

50
Q

what is the thyroid IMA artery

A

small and unpaired arising from brachiocephalic

51
Q

where are the parathyroid glands usually found

A

posterior surface of the thyroid - but variable

52
Q

what is the arterial supply to parathyroid glands

A

inferior thyroid arteries - branches of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian

53
Q

what are the thyroid and parathyroid glands innervated by

A

cervical sympathetic ganglia

54
Q

what other nerves are closely associated with the thyroid gland

A

recurrent laryngeal nerves (L and R) from CN X

55
Q

what could occur as a result of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

hoarseness or aphonia

56
Q

what is a cricothyrotomy

A

emergency procedure - needle passed through cricothyroid ligament

57
Q

what is a tracheostomy

A

surgical airway - retraction of infrahyoid muscles and incision of thyroid at isthmus

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 (22 decks)

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