Blood Supply and Venous Drainage to the Brain

Question 1

what arteries that supply the brain arise from the internal carotid artery

Answer 1

anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
ophthalmic

Question 2

what arteries that supply the brain arise from the vertebral artery

Answer 2

posterior cerebral artery
basilar artery

Question 3

what arteries that supply the brain arise from the external carotid artery

Answer 3

middle meningeal artery (via maxillary)
occipital artery
ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 4

how does the vertebral artery enter the cranial cavity

Answer 4

via the foramen magnum

Question 5

what are the arteries that make up the circle of willis

Answer 5

posterior cerebral arteries
posterior communicating arteries
middle cerebral arteries
anterior cerebral arteries
anterior communicating arteries

Question 6

what do the vertebral arteries on either side of the body join to form

Answer 6

basilar artery

Question 7

what area does the basilar artery overly

Answer 7

the pons

Question 8

what arteries supply the internal capsule

Answer 8

the lenticular straid arteries

Question 9

what area of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 9

where nerves to lower limbs are innervated and personality (prefrontal cortex)

Question 10

what area of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply

Answer 10

Broca’s and Wiernicke’s area are

Question 11

what are of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 11

where vision is

Question 12

what effects would you expect from an anterior cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 12

collateral circulation (ie communicating arteries) are usually sufficient to preserve circulation

Question 13

what effects would you expect from an occlusion of the anterior communicating artery

Answer 13

contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory involving leg and foot and an inability to identify objects correctly and some personality changes

Question 14

what effects would you expect from a middle cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 14

aphasia if left hemisphere is affected
contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss to the face and arm (precentral and postcentral gyrus)

Question 15

what effects would you expect from a middle cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 15

aphasia if left hemisphere is affected
contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss to the face and arm (precentral and postcentral gyrus)

Question 16

what effects would you expect to see from a posterior cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 16

visual agnosia
impairment of memory

Question 17

what allows for anchorage of brain in the cranial cavity

Answer 17

the longitudinal fissure

Question 18

where is CSF produced

Answer 18

in the ventricles and circulates round all the ventricles and then into subarachnoid space

Question 19

what are the main dural venous sinuses

Answer 19

superior sagittal sinus
inferior sagittal sinus
straight sinus
transverse sinus

Question 20

what is the clinical relevance of the cavernous sinus

Answer 20

the blood supply is slow here and many cranial nerves pass through here - drainage of the upper part of the face goes to the cavernous sinus

Question 21

why is the cavernous sinus related to the danger triangle

Answer 21

blood moves very slowly in cavernous sinus which gives bacteria time to multiply - infections in the face can travel intra-cranially

Question 22

when experiencing an extra-dural haematoma what would you expect to happen

Answer 22

loss of consciousness quick
between the bone and the dura

Question 23

what would you expect to happen in a subdural haematoma

Answer 23

this is caused by veins that pass through the dura
bleed is between dura and arachnoid mater
bleed is slow so symptoms can take a week to present

Question 24

what would you expect to happen in a subarachnoid haematoma

Answer 24

this is associated where there is a junction of arteries
in subarachnoid space the wall can be thinner