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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 > Scalp and Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Scalp and Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

what is the scalp

A

the skin and subcutaneous tissue from occipital to frontal bone

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2
Q

how many layers of the scalp are there

A

5

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3
Q

what are the five layers of the scalp in order of outermost layer to inner

A

skin
dense connective tissue
epicranial aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium

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4
Q

what layer of the scalp contains hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands

A

skin

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5
Q

what layer of the scalp contains cutaneous nerves and is highly vascularised

A

sense connective tissue layer

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6
Q

what layer of the scalp contains the muscles (occipitofrontalis)

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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7
Q

what is the clinical relevance of the epicrnial aponeurosis

A

the layer is very tough, which prevents superficial wounds from gaping open

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8
Q

what layer of the scalp contains loose areolar tissue allowing free movement of outer layers

A

loose connective tissue

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9
Q

what layer of the scalp is continuous with the suture of the skull

A

the pericranium

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10
Q

between what layers of the scalp are there spaces where fluid could potentially accumulate

A

aponeurosis and pericranium

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11
Q

by which means can scalp infections spread to intracranial structures

A

emissary veins

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12
Q

what is the sensory supply to the scalp

A

anteriorly is CN v1 and posteriorly is C2-C3

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13
Q

what branches of the internal carotid artery supply the scalp

A

supraorbital and suprtrochlear

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14
Q

what branches of the external carotid artery supply the scalp

A

superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital

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15
Q

what veins drain the scalp

A

supratrochlear and supraorbital veins that drain into the superficial temporal vein and eventually drain into external jugular vein
posterior auricular vein drains straight into EJV
occipital vein drains into IJV

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16
Q

what arethe two means of lymphatic drainage of the scalp

A

anterior and posterior auricular

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17
Q

how is lymph drained anteriorly from the scalp

A

pre-auricular and parotid nodes

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18
Q

how is lymph drained posteriorly from the scalp

A

mastoid and occipital nodes that drain to deep cervical nodes

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19
Q

what cranial fossa is the shallowest

A

the anterior

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20
Q

in what cranial fossa would you find the frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoid bones

A

anterior fossa

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21
Q

name two relevant anatomical structures of the ethmoid bone

A

the cribiform plate
crista galli

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22
Q

what runs through the cribiform plate

A

nerve fibres run through it to get to olfactory bulbs (CN I) from the nasal cavity

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23
Q

in what cranial fossa would you find the sphenoid and temporal bones

A

middle cranial fossa

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24
Q

what is the most superior fissure on the sphenoid bone in middle cranial fossa

A

superior orbital fissure

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25
in relation to the foramen ovale, where does the foramen spinosum sit
lateral to the foramen ovale
26
what vessel runs through the foramen spinosum
meningeal artery
27
what anatomical structure sits in the hypophyseal fossa
the pituitary gland
28
what is the anterior boundary of the hypophyseal fossa
tuberculum sellae
29
what is the posterior boundary of the hypophyseal fossa
dorsum sellae
30
in what bone would you find the sella turcica
sphenoid bone
31
in relation to the superior orbital fissure, what fissure sits medially
foramen rotundum
32
in what cranial fossa would you find the sphenoid, occipital and temporal bones
posterior cranial fossa
33
what is the clivus
the region where the brainstem enters the foramen magnum
34
where is the clivus situated
it is a groove in the occipital bone, superior to the foramen magnum
35
what canal is situated immediately lateral to the foramen magnum
hypoglossal canal
36
what foramen is just medial to the internal acoustic meatus
the jugular foramen
37
where does the confluence of sinuses occur
at the internal occipital protuberance
38
what could small round depressions in the parietal bones be
granular foveolae
39
what are granular foveolae
arachnoid granulations - they return CSF to venous circulation
40
what is the most superficial area of the skull (next to the pericranium)
the external table
41
what type of bone is situated between the external table and the internal table
diploe - compact bone
42
what is the inner most layer of the skull bone
internal table
43
what is more deep to the internal table of the skull
dura mater
44
what are cranial meninges
layers that help with protection of the brain
45
what is the most superficial layer of the cranial meninges
dura mater
46
what are the two layers of dura mater
periosteal layer - attached to bone meningeal layer - contacts arachnoid mater
47
what separates the two layers of the dura mater
venous sinuses and dural folds
48
what projects from the internal surface of the arachnoid mater and is continuous with the pia mater
trabeculae
49
what is contained in the subarachnoid space
CSF
50
what absorbs CSF into the venous system
arachnoid villi/ granulations at the sagittal sinus and lateral lacunae
51
which of the cranial meninges adheres to the brain surface and enters the sulci of the brain
pia mater
52
name the four dura mater folds
falx cerebri tentorium cerebelli falx cerebelli diaphragm sellae
53
what dural infold runs longitudinally and separates the two hemispheres
flax cerebri
54
what is the smaller triangular dural infold projection that comes off the posterior aspect of the falx cerebri
the falx cerebelli - runs in between the lobes of the cerebellum
55
which of the dural infolds runs in a horizontal plane
the tentorium cerebelli
56
what is the infundibulum
the hollow stalk that connects the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland
57
where is the infundibulum found
at the sella turcica
58
where is the diaphragma sellae
near the infundibulum
59
what is the sites of attachment for the falx cerebri
frontal crest and crista galli
60
what is the blood supply of the dura
meningeal arteries
61
what is the blood supply of the dura
meningeal arteries
62
from which aortic branch does the posterior meningeal artery come from
ascending pharyngeal artery (ECA)
63
from which aortic branch does the anterior meningeal artery arise
ethmoidal arteries
64
from which aortic branch does the middle meningeal artery arise from
maxillary (ECA)
65
what cells produce CSF
choroid cells

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 (22 decks)

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