Scalp and Cranial Cavity Flashcards
what is the scalp
the skin and subcutaneous tissue from occipital to frontal bone
how many layers of the scalp are there
5
what are the five layers of the scalp in order of outermost layer to inner
skin
dense connective tissue
epicranial aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium
what layer of the scalp contains hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands
skin
what layer of the scalp contains cutaneous nerves and is highly vascularised
sense connective tissue layer
what layer of the scalp contains the muscles (occipitofrontalis)
epicranial aponeurosis
what is the clinical relevance of the epicrnial aponeurosis
the layer is very tough, which prevents superficial wounds from gaping open
what layer of the scalp contains loose areolar tissue allowing free movement of outer layers
loose connective tissue
what layer of the scalp is continuous with the suture of the skull
the pericranium
between what layers of the scalp are there spaces where fluid could potentially accumulate
aponeurosis and pericranium
by which means can scalp infections spread to intracranial structures
emissary veins
what is the sensory supply to the scalp
anteriorly is CN v1 and posteriorly is C2-C3
what branches of the internal carotid artery supply the scalp
supraorbital and suprtrochlear
what branches of the external carotid artery supply the scalp
superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital
what veins drain the scalp
supratrochlear and supraorbital veins that drain into the superficial temporal vein and eventually drain into external jugular vein
posterior auricular vein drains straight into EJV
occipital vein drains into IJV
what arethe two means of lymphatic drainage of the scalp
anterior and posterior auricular
how is lymph drained anteriorly from the scalp
pre-auricular and parotid nodes
how is lymph drained posteriorly from the scalp
mastoid and occipital nodes that drain to deep cervical nodes
what cranial fossa is the shallowest
the anterior
in what cranial fossa would you find the frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoid bones
anterior fossa
name two relevant anatomical structures of the ethmoid bone
the cribiform plate
crista galli
what runs through the cribiform plate
nerve fibres run through it to get to olfactory bulbs (CN I) from the nasal cavity
in what cranial fossa would you find the sphenoid and temporal bones
middle cranial fossa
what is the most superior fissure on the sphenoid bone in middle cranial fossa
superior orbital fissure
in relation to the foramen ovale, where does the foramen spinosum sit
lateral to the foramen ovale
what vessel runs through the foramen spinosum
meningeal artery
what anatomical structure sits in the hypophyseal fossa
the pituitary gland
what is the anterior boundary of the hypophyseal fossa
tuberculum sellae
what is the posterior boundary of the hypophyseal fossa
dorsum sellae
in what bone would you find the sella turcica
sphenoid bone
in relation to the superior orbital fissure, what fissure sits medially
foramen rotundum
in what cranial fossa would you find the sphenoid, occipital and temporal bones
posterior cranial fossa
what is the clivus
the region where the brainstem enters the foramen magnum
where is the clivus situated
it is a groove in the occipital bone, superior to the foramen magnum
what canal is situated immediately lateral to the foramen magnum
hypoglossal canal
what foramen is just medial to the internal acoustic meatus
the jugular foramen
where does the confluence of sinuses occur
at the internal occipital protuberance
what could small round depressions in the parietal bones be
granular foveolae
what are granular foveolae
arachnoid granulations - they return CSF to venous circulation
what is the most superficial area of the skull (next to the pericranium)
the external table
what type of bone is situated between the external table and the internal table
diploe - compact bone
what is the inner most layer of the skull bone
internal table
what is more deep to the internal table of the skull
dura mater
what are cranial meninges
layers that help with protection of the brain
what is the most superficial layer of the cranial meninges
dura mater
what are the two layers of dura mater
periosteal layer - attached to bone
meningeal layer - contacts arachnoid mater
what separates the two layers of the dura mater
venous sinuses and dural folds
what projects from the internal surface of the arachnoid mater and is continuous with the pia mater
trabeculae
what is contained in the subarachnoid space
CSF
what absorbs CSF into the venous system
arachnoid villi/ granulations at the sagittal sinus and lateral lacunae
which of the cranial meninges adheres to the brain surface and enters the sulci of the brain
pia mater
name the four dura mater folds
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli
diaphragm sellae
what dural infold runs longitudinally and separates the two hemispheres
flax cerebri
what is the smaller triangular dural infold projection that comes off the posterior aspect of the falx cerebri
the falx cerebelli - runs in between the lobes of the cerebellum
which of the dural infolds runs in a horizontal plane
the tentorium cerebelli
what is the infundibulum
the hollow stalk that connects the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland
where is the infundibulum found
at the sella turcica
where is the diaphragma sellae
near the infundibulum
what is the sites of attachment for the falx cerebri
frontal crest and crista galli
what is the blood supply of the dura
meningeal arteries
what is the blood supply of the dura
meningeal arteries
from which aortic branch does the posterior meningeal artery come from
ascending pharyngeal artery (ECA)
from which aortic branch does the anterior meningeal artery arise
ethmoidal arteries
from which aortic branch does the middle meningeal artery arise from
maxillary (ECA)
what cells produce CSF
choroid cells
