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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 > Scalp and Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Scalp and Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

what is the scalp

A

the skin and subcutaneous tissue from occipital to frontal bone

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2
Q

how many layers of the scalp are there

A

5

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3
Q

what are the five layers of the scalp in order of outermost layer to inner

A

skin
dense connective tissue
epicranial aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium

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4
Q

what layer of the scalp contains hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands

A

skin

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5
Q

what layer of the scalp contains cutaneous nerves and is highly vascularised

A

sense connective tissue layer

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6
Q

what layer of the scalp contains the muscles (occipitofrontalis)

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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7
Q

what is the clinical relevance of the epicrnial aponeurosis

A

the layer is very tough, which prevents superficial wounds from gaping open

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8
Q

what layer of the scalp contains loose areolar tissue allowing free movement of outer layers

A

loose connective tissue

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9
Q

what layer of the scalp is continuous with the suture of the skull

A

the pericranium

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10
Q

between what layers of the scalp are there spaces where fluid could potentially accumulate

A

aponeurosis and pericranium

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11
Q

by which means can scalp infections spread to intracranial structures

A

emissary veins

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12
Q

what is the sensory supply to the scalp

A

anteriorly is CN v1 and posteriorly is C2-C3

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13
Q

what branches of the internal carotid artery supply the scalp

A

supraorbital and suprtrochlear

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14
Q

what branches of the external carotid artery supply the scalp

A

superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital

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15
Q

what veins drain the scalp

A

supratrochlear and supraorbital veins that drain into the superficial temporal vein and eventually drain into external jugular vein
posterior auricular vein drains straight into EJV
occipital vein drains into IJV

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16
Q

what arethe two means of lymphatic drainage of the scalp

A

anterior and posterior auricular

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17
Q

how is lymph drained anteriorly from the scalp

A

pre-auricular and parotid nodes

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18
Q

how is lymph drained posteriorly from the scalp

A

mastoid and occipital nodes that drain to deep cervical nodes

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19
Q

what cranial fossa is the shallowest

A

the anterior

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20
Q

in what cranial fossa would you find the frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoid bones

A

anterior fossa

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21
Q

name two relevant anatomical structures of the ethmoid bone

A

the cribiform plate
crista galli

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22
Q

what runs through the cribiform plate

A

nerve fibres run through it to get to olfactory bulbs (CN I) from the nasal cavity

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23
Q

in what cranial fossa would you find the sphenoid and temporal bones

A

middle cranial fossa

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24
Q

what is the most superior fissure on the sphenoid bone in middle cranial fossa

A

superior orbital fissure

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25
Q

in relation to the foramen ovale, where does the foramen spinosum sit

A

lateral to the foramen ovale

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26
Q

what vessel runs through the foramen spinosum

A

meningeal artery

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27
Q

what anatomical structure sits in the hypophyseal fossa

A

the pituitary gland

28
Q

what is the anterior boundary of the hypophyseal fossa

A

tuberculum sellae

29
Q

what is the posterior boundary of the hypophyseal fossa

A

dorsum sellae

30
Q

in what bone would you find the sella turcica

A

sphenoid bone

31
Q

in relation to the superior orbital fissure, what fissure sits medially

A

foramen rotundum

32
Q

in what cranial fossa would you find the sphenoid, occipital and temporal bones

A

posterior cranial fossa

33
Q

what is the clivus

A

the region where the brainstem enters the foramen magnum

34
Q

where is the clivus situated

A

it is a groove in the occipital bone, superior to the foramen magnum

35
Q

what canal is situated immediately lateral to the foramen magnum

A

hypoglossal canal

36
Q

what foramen is just medial to the internal acoustic meatus

A

the jugular foramen

37
Q

where does the confluence of sinuses occur

A

at the internal occipital protuberance

38
Q

what could small round depressions in the parietal bones be

A

granular foveolae

39
Q

what are granular foveolae

A

arachnoid granulations - they return CSF to venous circulation

40
Q

what is the most superficial area of the skull (next to the pericranium)

A

the external table

41
Q

what type of bone is situated between the external table and the internal table

A

diploe - compact bone

42
Q

what is the inner most layer of the skull bone

A

internal table

43
Q

what is more deep to the internal table of the skull

A

dura mater

44
Q

what are cranial meninges

A

layers that help with protection of the brain

45
Q

what is the most superficial layer of the cranial meninges

A

dura mater

46
Q

what are the two layers of dura mater

A

periosteal layer - attached to bone
meningeal layer - contacts arachnoid mater

47
Q

what separates the two layers of the dura mater

A

venous sinuses and dural folds

48
Q

what projects from the internal surface of the arachnoid mater and is continuous with the pia mater

A

trabeculae

49
Q

what is contained in the subarachnoid space

A

CSF

50
Q

what absorbs CSF into the venous system

A

arachnoid villi/ granulations at the sagittal sinus and lateral lacunae

51
Q

which of the cranial meninges adheres to the brain surface and enters the sulci of the brain

A

pia mater

52
Q

name the four dura mater folds

A

falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli
diaphragm sellae

53
Q

what dural infold runs longitudinally and separates the two hemispheres

A

flax cerebri

54
Q

what is the smaller triangular dural infold projection that comes off the posterior aspect of the falx cerebri

A

the falx cerebelli - runs in between the lobes of the cerebellum

55
Q

which of the dural infolds runs in a horizontal plane

A

the tentorium cerebelli

56
Q

what is the infundibulum

A

the hollow stalk that connects the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland

57
Q

where is the infundibulum found

A

at the sella turcica

58
Q

where is the diaphragma sellae

A

near the infundibulum

59
Q

what is the sites of attachment for the falx cerebri

A

frontal crest and crista galli

60
Q

what is the blood supply of the dura

A

meningeal arteries

61
Q

what is the blood supply of the dura

A

meningeal arteries

62
Q

from which aortic branch does the posterior meningeal artery come from

A

ascending pharyngeal artery (ECA)

63
Q

from which aortic branch does the anterior meningeal artery arise

A

ethmoidal arteries

64
Q

from which aortic branch does the middle meningeal artery arise from

A

maxillary (ECA)

65
Q

what cells produce CSF

A

choroid cells

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS3 (22 decks)

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