Tissues, Organs, and Homeostasis (plants)

Question 1

What does a vascular plant consist of?

Answer 1

Root system and Shoot system

Question 2

What does the root system do?

Answer 2

anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals

Question 3

What does the shoot system do?

Answer 3

supports the stem, photosynthetic leaves, reproductive flowers

Question 4

What are cell walls primarily made of?

Answer 4

cellulose

Question 5

are primary cell walls found in all cells?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

secondary cell walls are only found in some cells and they increase ________

Answer 6

mechanical strength of wall

Question 7

What is the cell wall’s purpose?

Answer 7

“skeletal role”

protective-insects, pathogens, water loss

Question 8

Roots, shoots and leaves contain three basic tissue systems. What are they and describe them.

Answer 8

1. ) Dermal tissue: for protection (wax and bark)
2. ) Ground tissue: for storage, photosynthesis, and secretion
3. ) Vascular Tissue: for conduction (xylem, phloem)

Question 9

“clumps of small cells with dense cytoplasm and a large nuclei” is know as a what?

Answer 9

meristem

Question 10

Meristems in plants act like _______ cells in animals

Answer 10

stem

Question 11

where are apical meristems located in plants?

Answer 11

at the tips of stems and roots

they give rise to primary tissue

Question 12

Three_______ gives rise to the three major types of plant tissue

Answer 12

primary meristems

Question 13

Exhibit secondary growth increasing the size of stems and roots

Answer 13

Lateral meristems

Question 14

Dermal tissue forms the ________ which usually is one cell layer thick

Answer 14

epidermis

Question 15

Cuticle (of Cutin)

Answer 15

Carnauba wax - wax palm

??

Question 16

the dermal tissue contains 3 special cells. What are they?

Answer 16

guard cells
trichomes
root hairs

Question 17

Guard cells

Answer 17

flank a stoma which is the passageway for oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 18

what are trichomes?

Answer 18

unicellular or multicellular growths of the epidermis

Question 19

what do trichomes do?

Answer 19

• they keep leaf surfaces cool and reduce evaporation

- some are glandular, secreting substances that discourage herbivores from eating them

Question 20

What are root hairs?

Answer 20

tubular extensions of individual epidermal cells

Question 21

What do root hairs do?

Answer 21

they greatly increase the root’s SA and efficiency of absorption

Question 22

Ground tissue consists of three types of cells. What are they?

Answer 22

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma

Question 23

What is the most common type of plant cell?

Give examples of what it is used for/in

Answer 23

Parenchyma cells

used in/for: storage, photosynthesis, secretion, provide little to no support

Question 24

What do collenchyma cells do?

Answer 24

provide flexible support for plant organs

Question 25

What is thick walled and dead at maturity? | lignin

Answer 25

sclerenchyma

Question 26

what are the two types of sclerenchyma?

Answer 26

sclerids and fibers

Question 27

What is xylem?

Answer 27

water and mineral conducting tissue

Question 28

what are vessels?

Answer 28

continuous tubes of dead cylindrical cells

Question 29

What are tracheids?

Answer 29

dead cells that taper at the end and overlap one another

Question 30

when comparing vessels and tracheids, one of these is shorter, wider, and conducts water more efficiently. Which one?

Answer 30

vessels

Question 31

This constitutes the main food-conducting tissue

Answer 31

phloem

Question 32

There are two types of phloem cells. What are they?

Answer 32

sieve cells and sieve tube members

Question 33

sieve-tube members are associated with companion cells. What are these related to?

Answer 33

life support

Question 34

For roots, 4 regions are commonly recognized. What are they?

Answer 34

- Root Cap - Zone of cell division - zone of elongation - Zone of maturation

Question 35

Functions in protection of delicate tissues and behind it

Answer 35

Root cap

Question 36

rapid division of the root apical meristem

Answer 36

zone of cell division

Question 37

Roots lengthen because cells become longer; no further increase in length occurs above this zone

Answer 37

zone of elongation

Question 38

The elongated cells become differentiated into specific cell types

Answer 38

zone of maturation | * look on powerpoint for more information (lots)

Question 39

Shoot apical meristem produces_______ | what does this develop into?

Answer 39

primordial | develop into leaves, other shoots and flowers

Question 40

There are seven things associated with external stem structure. What are they?

Answer 40

Axil= angle between petiole/blade and stem Axillary bud=develops into branches with leaves or may form flowers Terminal bud=Extends the shoot system during the growing season Node=point of attachment of lead to stem Internode=Area of stem between two nodes Blade= Flattened part of lead Petiole=Stalk of leaf

Question 41

Certain plants have vascular bundles scattered throughout. Other have vascular tissue arranged in a ring with internal ground tissue (_____) and external ground tissue (_____)

Answer 41

pith; cortex

Question 42

Vascular cambium

Answer 42

located between xylem and phloem (as in roots) and expands stem width by growing new xylem -one band a year=tree rings (Internal Stem Structure)

Question 43

Periderm

Answer 43

- outside phloem | - has meristematic cork cambium that produces cork cells for bark

Question 44

Cork tissue cells die shortly after they are formed and constitute the______. The cork cambium also produces cells called_____ which permit gas exchange to continue

Answer 44

outer bark; lenticels

Question 45

Where does the main site of photosynthesis take place?

Answer 45

Leaves

Question 46

What else do leaves do?

Answer 46

- determine growth - veins consist of both xylem and phloem and are distributed throughout the leaf blades - waste accumulation

Question 47

Leaves can be arranged in three ways. What are they and which of the three is the most common?

Answer 47

Alternative, Opposite, Whorled | Alternative is the most common

Question 48

What is the difference between simple leaves and compound leaves?

Answer 48

simple leaves contain undivided blades while compound leaves have blades that are divided into leaflets

Question 49

Describe the surface of a leaf?

Answer 49

-covered by transparent epidermal cells -Epidermis has a waxy cuticle (stomata on lower epidermis)

Question 50

Some leaves have one type of mesophyll while others have two types. What are the two types and describe them.

Answer 50

Palisade mesophyll = usually two rows of tightly packed cells Spongy mesophyll = Loosely arranged cells with air spaces