Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 110 > Behavioral Biology > Flashcards

Behavioral Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the way an animal responds to stimulus in its environment is known as what?

A

behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two components of behavior?

A

immediate cause and evolutionary origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two behavior approaches?

describe them

A

Proximate Causation:

  • “how” of behavior
  • measure (hormone level, impulse of nerve signal)

Ultimate causation:

  • “Why” of behavior
  • how behavior influences reproductive success
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Innate behavior is instinctive. Give examples of instinctive behaviors

A
  • does not require learning
  • preset path in nervous system
  • genetic
    ie: goose replacing an egg from her nest
  • male stickleback fish will attack anything with a red underside because it things it’s a competitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

egg retrieval behavior is triggered by a_________stimulus

A

sign

-not very specific; anything around will trigger the goose’s reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

behavioral differences among individuals often result from ________

A

genetic differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False:

behaviors can be bred into/out of animals

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False:

identical twins raised separately exhibit different behaviors

A

false
genetics play a role in determining behavior in humans. the twins were found to have similar personalities, temperament, and leisure time activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the following definition describe?:

  • Association between two stimuli or between a stimulus and a response
  • Conditioned behavior though association
A

associative learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of associative learning?

A

Classical condition

Operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Classical Conditioning

A

the paired presentation of two different kinds of stimuli with an association formed between them
ie: Pavlonian conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe Operant Conditioning

A

Animal associates behavior with a reward or punishment

-trial and error learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____ guides learning

A

instinct

  • learning is only possible when boundaries are set by genetics
  • adaption by learning is important to survival
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clark’s nutcracker can remember the location of up to 2000 seed caches months after hiding them. What does it use to remember this?

A

spatial memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is imprinting?

A

social attachment to other individuals; develop preferences that will influence behavior later in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is filial imprinting?

A

attachment between parents and offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or false:

Instinct and Learning interact as behavior develops

A

true

white-crowned sparrow
slide 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give 2 examples of how animals show cognitive behavior

A
  • chimps pull the leaves of off a tree branch to use it as a tool for picking termites
  • some birds learn to take off milk caps from bottles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is migration?

A

populations moving large distances

20
Q

the ability to set or adjust bearing is known as what?

A

navigation

21
Q

what two things to animals use to navigate for migration?

A

sun and stars; Earth’s magnetic fields

22
Q

What does this definition describe:

Behavior of one individual releases a behavior by another individual

A

Stimulus-response chain

23
Q

What are three examples of long distance communication?

A 
Pheromones (sex attraction; chemical messages)
Acoustic signals (vocal calls, wing clicking)
Light Signals (firefly)
24
Q

Give two examples of how communication can facilitate group living

A
  • guard sets off an alarm call so group can seek shelter

- social insects produce pheromones that trigger attack or foraging behaviors

25
Q

______ communicate identity of specific predators; _________ and ________ are able to recognize symbols and use them to communicate abstract concepts

A

primates;chimpanzees;gorillas

monkeys pretty much

26
Q

Throughout all the human languages, about how many consonant sounds are there?

A

40

27
Q

What is behavioral ecology?

A

the study of how natural selection shapes behavior

the evolution of behavior

28
Q

Adaptive Significance: How is behavior adaptive?

A

enhance energy intake, increase mating success, decrease predation

29
Q

What is the Optimal foraging theory?

A

natural selection favors individuals whose foraging behavior is energetically efficient

30
Q

What are pros and cons of animal territorial behavior?

A

pros:
secures resources, increased food intake, increased mates, exclusive access to females
cons:
must defend against intrusion by other individuals which can be energetically costly (ie: birds sing to signal it’s their territory)

31
Q

How many mates to have, How much time devoted to rearing offspring, and how much energy to devote to rearing offspring are all _________ strategies

A

reproductive

32
Q

What is parental investment?

A

contributions each sex makes in producing and rearing offspring

33
Q

Do females or males have a higher investment in their offspring?

A

Females

-eggs are larger than sperm and more expensive to make, females are responsible for gestation, lactation, and/or yolk

34
Q

Are males or females more selective when it comes to mating?

What is this known as?

A

Females usually are more selective

Sexual selection

35
Q

What does sexual dimorphism mean?

A

males look different from the females

36
Q

Do females typically mate with the first male they encounter?

A

no

37
Q

What is a species where the males are more selective of their females?

A

Mormon crickets

38
Q

What are two things that a male partner might do?

A
  • help raise offspring

- provide resources (territories, nesting sites, food, predator refuges)

39
Q

Mating outside monogamous pair is known as what?

A

social monogamy

40
Q

What is altruism?

A

the performance of an action that benefit another individual at a cost to the actor

41
Q

What is reciprocal altruism?

Give an example of an animal that does this

A

partnerships in which mutual exchanges of altruistic acts occur because they benefit both participants
ie: vampire bats share blood meals

42
Q

What happens in a eusocial society?

A

workers give up their own reproduction to assist their mother in rearing their sisters

43
Q

What is a society?

A

a group of organisms of the same species that are organized in a cooperative manner

44
Q

What are the advantages of social systems?

A

kin selection, greater production from predators, increase feeding and mating success

45
Q

groups of individuals that differ in size and morphology and perform different tasks are known as being part of a what?

A

caste

Bio 110 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions