Fungi- Ch 32

Question 1

How many species are there?

Answer 1

1.5 million

Question 2

Are fungi or plants more closely related to humans?

Answer 2

fungi

Question 3

how many true monophyletic groups are there?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

what are hyphae?

Answer 4

long slender filaments

Question 5

hyphae can be divided by________

Answer 5

septa

Question 6

what flows throughout the hyphae?

what does this allow?

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Allows rapid growth under good conditions

Question 7

What is a mass of connected hyphae called?

Answer 7

mycelium

Question 8

What does mycelium do?

Answer 8

They grow throughout and digest substrate

Question 9

What are cell walls of fungi formed by?

Answer 9

Polysaccharides (including chitin)

Question 10

Monokaryotic

Answer 10

1 nucleus

Question 11

Dikaryotic

Answer 11

2 nuclei in one cell

Question 12

Sexual reproduction of fungi involves the fusion of…..

Answer 12

2 haploid hyphae

Question 13

_______ are the most common means of production among fungi

Answer 13

spores

Question 14

Are spores always haploid or diploid

Answer 14

haploid (1N)

Question 15

how the spores dispersed?

Answer 15

wind, insects, animals

Question 16

how do fungi obtain their food?

Answer 16

they secrete digestive enzymes

Question 17

What kind of digestion do fungi partake in?

Answer 17

external digestion

Question 18

Microsporidia

Answer 18

obligate parasites (only exist as a parasite
unicellular, once thought to be protist

Question 19

Blastocladiomycota

Answer 19

• parasites
• water molds
• flagellated spores
• life cycle has both haploid and diploid multicellular stage

Question 20

Chytridiomycota

Answer 20

• also known as “chytrids”
• most closely related to ancestral fungi
• have flagellated spores
• have chitin in their cell walls
• halpoid

Question 21

Batrachochytrium causes chytridiomycosis. What has this contributed to?

Answer 21

The worldwide decline in amphibian populations

Question 22

Neocallimastigamycota

Answer 22

• digest plant biomass in mammalian herbivore rumens
• mammal depends on fungi for sufficient calories
• spores have multiple flagella

Question 23

Which group of fungus is problematic?

Describe this group

Answer 23

The group is called Zygomycota

• this group is incredibly diverse and ranges from common bread molds to human pathogens
• lack septa in their hyphae except when they are reproducing
• paraphyletic
• most of their cycle they exist as haploid
• asexually reproduce or sexually reproduce
• dikaryotic (1N+1N)

Question 24

Basidiomycota

Answer 24

• include some of the most familiar fungi (mushrooms, puffballs, jelly fungi, plant pathogens ie: rust and smuts)
• spore germination leads to the production of haploid mycelium
• mycelium may fuse; results in fertilization
• *now dikaryotic
• *****Look in notes for the rest of information needed

Question 25

Basidiocarps (mushrooms) form from….

Answer 25

secondary mycelium

**KNOW THIS

Question 26

Glomeromycota

Answer 26

• A tiny group of monophyletic fungi
• they form intracellular associations with plant roots called arbuscular mycorrhizae
• no evidence of sexual reproduction

Question 27

Ascomycota

Answer 27

• contains about 75% of the known fungi
• include bread yeast, common molds, penicillium, and many serious plant pathogens along with cup fungi and morels
• asexual reproduction
• Occurs through haploid conidia formed at the ends hyphae
• Grow new haploid hyphae
• Different mating types of hyphae may fuse
• Now dikaryotic hyphae
• Dikaryotic ascocarps form from this

(look on slides in powerpoint)

Question 28

yeast

Answer 28

• yeast are unicellular ascomycotes
• most reproduce asexually by budding
• yeast can ferment carbohydrates (break down glucose into ethanol and CO2)