Tissues (Exam 1) Flashcards
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Classification based on
Structure of the cell
Composition of non cellular substances that surround the cell
Cell function
4 types
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Epithelial
Covers body surfaces and lines cavities
Forms some glands
Apical and basal surfaces
Functions: protection (skin), secretion (sweat glands), absorption (intestinal lining)
Apical surface
Exposed to the body exterior or to the cavity of an internal organ
Can have microvilli
Ca have cilia
Basal surface
Opposite apical
In contact with the structure that the tissue is covering or lining
Associated with a basement membrane
Basement membrane
Extra cellular material that is secreted by the epithelial cells
Simple tissue
One layer of cells
Stratified tissue
Multiple layers of cells
Types of connective tissue
Loose (areolar, adipose) Dense (regular, irregular) Cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibro-) Bone (spongy/cancellous, compact) Blood
All connective tissue is derived from the same embryonic tissue type
Mesenchyme
Extracellular matrix
Non living structural portion of tissue that surrounds and separates living cells
Collagen fibers
Tick fibrous protein
Extremely strong
Most abundant
Elastic fibers
Made of the protein elastin
Provides recoil ability
Skin, lungs, blood vessels
Reticular fibers
Thin fibrous protein
Forms a supportive network around lymphatic tissue
Spleen, lymph nodes
Loose/dense
Fibroblast, fibrocyte
Cartilage
Chondroblast, chondrocyte
Bone
Osteoblast, osteocytes
Blood
Hemopoietic stem cell, rbc and WBC
Areolar
Loose
Attaches to underlying tissues
Adipose
Fat
Loose
Yellow- storage, insulation, protection
Brown- generates heat, especially in newborns
Armpits and neck
Regular
Dense
Protein fibers are arranged din one direction (more strength)
Forms tendons
Irregular
Dense
Protein fibers are arranged randomly
Found where stretch and flexibility are necessary (skin)
Hyaline
Cartilage
Most abundant
found where support and flexibility are needed
Costal cartilage of the ribs
Nose
Trachea
Articulating surfaces
Fibrocartilage
Cartilage
Made o flange collagen bundles
Fund in areas that withstand high pressure
Knee joint
Between vertebrae
Elastic
Cartilage
Made of elastin and collagen
Found in areas that are rigid but flexible
External ears (pinna)
Cancellous/spongy bone
Bone
Made of flat bony plates called trabeculae
Between trabeculae are large open spaces filled with bone marrow
Makes up the inner portion of most bones
Compact bone
Bone
Made of bony layers called lamellae
Lamellae have no spaces between them
Outer covering of most bones
Blood
Formed by Hemopoietic stem cells which are mostly in bone marrow
Made of plasma, rbc, WBC, and platelets
Transports things throughout the body
Nervous tissue
Found in brain, spinal cord, and fibers extending from these areas
Controls body functions through electrical signals called action potentials
Neurons/nerve cells
Actual conducting cells
Produce action potential
Neuroglia
Non conducting support cells
Provide insulation and protection to neurons
Muscle
Responsible for movement
Contracts/shortens in response to electrical signals
Contraction is accomplished by the intersection of cellular contractile proteins called
Actin and myosin
Striated
Visible microscopic bands of contractile proteins
Smooth muscle
Bands are not visible
Voluntary
Consciously controlled
Involuntary
Unconsciously controlled
Skeletal
Packages in connective tissue sheets that are attached to bone
Cells are multinucleate
Striated, voluntary
Cardiac
Found only in the heart
Cells are mononucleate
Striated, involuntary
Smooth
Found in the walls of hollow organs (small intestine, blood vessels)
Cells are mononucleate
Smooth, involuntary
