Regions of the Brain (Final) Flashcards
This deck was created by combining two or more decks
Hindbrain
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Superior colliculi
Visual reflex center
Coordinates head and eye movement when following a moving object
Inferior colliculi
Auditory reflex center
Involved in startle reflex (turning head toward unexpected sound)
Midbrain
Made of 4 hillocks on the corpora quadrigemina
2 superior colliculi
2 inferior colliculi
Pons
Routes electrical signals back and forth between the brain and the spinal cord (afferent and efferent)
Limbic system
Functional system spread throughout the forebrain
Interacts with other brain areas to influence our emotion and behavior patterns
Functional areas:
Amygdala
Cingulate gyrus
Cerebellum
Second largest brain area
Aids in the coordination of:
Balance
Planning of voluntary movement (ensures smooth coordinated movements)
Direction and force of motor functions (prevents overshoot and maintains posture)
Timing and fine tuning of precise movement (ex writing)
Involved in proprioception (receives signals from receptors in muscles, joints, and tendons)
Medulla oblongata
Most inferior brain region
House autonomic NS reflex center which integrates several functions Respiratory regulation Cardiovascular function Swallowing reflex Coughing Sneezing
Amygdala
Recognize angry or fearful expressions of others
Asses danger
Elicits fear response
Mostly visceral and arrector pili muscles
Cingulate gyrus
Helps with the expression of emotions through body gestures, especially when frustrated or angry
CNS
Brain and spinal cord
Cerebrum
Largest portion of the brain
2 hemispheres and 2 layers
Gray matter
White matter
Basal nuclei
Sleep
Regulates circadian rhythm in response to daylight
Via the pineal gland and the hormone melatonin
Temperature
Sweating when hot, shivering when cold
Controls emotional behavior and response
Fear, pleasure, pain, rage, sex drive
Dopamine
An inhibitory neurotransmitter
Basal nuclei
Gray matter embedded in white matter
Suppresses useless movement patterns
Defect in these cells in associated with Parkinson’s disease
Food intake
Registers food intake and satiety
Gray matter (cerebral cortex)
Outer layer
Gray in color due to presence of cell bodies (nuclei)
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Pituitary gland control
Synthesizes the hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary
Regulates the release of hormones synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary
Parkinson’s disease
Cells of the basal nuclei called substantia nigra secrete dopamine
Defective cells have a much decreased ability to secrete dopamine
Without dopamines inhibitory effects, other cells of the basal nuclei become overly active and course continuous output of excitatory signals to the motor cortex
Common treatment: L-dopa, body converts into dopamine
White matter
Inner layer (deep cortex) White in color due to the presence of un myelinated atoms
Responsible for the communication between the cerebral areas
Ex corpus collosum (connects corresponding brain areas of two hemispheres)
Occipital lobe
Located posteriorly
Visual reception
Forebrain
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Parietal lobe (sensory cortex)
Receives and processes sensory information
Touch, pressure, temperature
Thalamus
Receives all incoming sensory signals and routes them to the correct brain areas
Houses “pain center”, receptive area for information from Nociceptors
Water intake
Location of osmo receptors
Sense saltiness of body fluids when receptors are stimulated
Temporal lobe
Located laterally
Receives auditory information
Olfactory reception
Gustatory reception (taste)
Hypothalamus
Integration center for homeostatic functions (works closely with medulla oblongata)
Made of a distinct collection of nuclei that control Temperature Food intake Water intake Sleep Pituitary gland control Emotional behavior and response
Frontal lobe (motor cortex)
Most anterior
Controls voluntary motor activity
Allows for speaking ability
