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Spring of 2012 > Integumentary System (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Integumentary System (Exam 1) Flashcards

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0
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost
Stratified squamous epithelium
Most cells produce keratin

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1
Q

The skin

A

Largest organ of the body

Composed of epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Top layer of epidermis
Hard layer
20-30 layers of dead cells filled with keratin
Water proofing glycolipids

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3
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Clear layer
2nd layer
2-3 layers of dead cells filled with keratin
Only found in hard skin (soles, palms)

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4
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Granular layer
3rd layer
3-5 layers of cells that are alive but dying

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5
Q

Keratinacyte

A

Produce granules of keratohyaline

Which secrete keratin

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6
Q

Lamellar bodies

A

Produce lamellated granules

Which secrete the glycolipids

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7
Q

Stratum spinosum

A 
Spiny layer
4th layer
5-7 layers of living cells
Has melanin granules
Has langerhan's cells
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8
Q

Langerhan’s cells

A

Cells of the immune system that have migrated from the bone marrow

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9
Q

Stratum basalt

A 
Basal layer
5th layer
One layer of rapidly dividing cells
Has melanacytes
Has merkel discs
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10
Q

Melanacyte

A

Produces melanin granules

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11
Q

Merkel discs

A

Touch receptors

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12
Q

Dermis

A 
Dense irregular connective tissue
Has:
Blood vessels
Nerve endings
Hair follicles
Glands
Smooth muscle
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13
Q

Papillary layer

A

1st layer of dermis
Immediately below that stratum basale
Areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastin
Dermal papillae on palms form fingerprints

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14
Q

Reticular layer

A

2nd layer of dermis
80% of the dermis
Dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen and elastin

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15
Q

Hypodermis

A

Below the dermis
Functions:
Stores fat for insulation and shock absorption
Anchors the skin to underlying bone and muscle
Pathway for blood vessels and nerves to reach upper layers

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16
Q

Merocrine/eccrine

A

Sweat glands
Most common
Secretory portion is coiled deep in the dermis
Releasing duct extends to the surface of the epidermis
Secretes sweat made of H2O and salt

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17
Q

Apocrine

A 
Larger sweat glands
Releasing duct opens into hair follicles
Found in the Axillary and pubic region
Not active till puberty
Organic substances in secretions:
Odorless when first released
Odiferous when bacteria begin breaking down organic constituents
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18
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Present everywhere except palms and soles
Secretes sebrum
Softens and lubricates hair and skin

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19
Q

Hair shaft

A

Extends above the skins surface

20
Q

Hair root

A

Embedded in the skin

Inside of follicle

21
Q

Medulla

A

Central axis of hair made of soft keratin

22
Q

Cortex

A

The bulk of the hair

23
Q

Cuticle

A

Outermost layer of hard keratin

24
Q

Hair follicle

A

Wraps around the root

Deep end extends into the hair bulb

25
Q

Hair bulb

A

Contains the matrix

Mitosis epithelial cells that produce new hair

26
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Smooth muscle cells that stand up the follicle

27
Q

Nail

A

Scale like modification of the epidermis

28
Q

Nail root

A

Proximal end covered by skin

29
Q

Nail body

A

Visible portion

30
Q

Nail fold

A

Skin covering the lateral ends of the nail

31
Q

Nail groove

A

Holds the edge of the nail in place

32
Q

Free edge

A

Portion of the nail extending past the finger tip

33
Q

Eponychium (cuticle)

A

Stratum corneum of nail fold that has grown over the nail body

34
Q

Lunula

A

Crescent shaped area above the cuticle

35
Q

Nail bed

A

Deeper layers of the epidermis extending beneath the nail

36
Q

Nail matrix

A

The proximal portion of the nail be

37
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Touch receptor in dermis

38
Q

Nociceptors

A

Pain receptor in dermis

39
Q

Thermoceptors

A

Temperature receptors in Deimos

40
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Pressure receptors in dermis

41
Q

Integumentary system functions

A

Protection
Body temperature regulation
Sensation

42
Q

Protection

A

Chemical barrier
Physical barrier
Biological barrier

43
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Least malignant
Most common
Begins in the stratum basale
Tissue destruction produces an ulcer

Surgical removal or radiation therapy

44
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Cells in the stratum spinosum continue unregulated cell growth

Rarely the tumor migrates from the epidermis to the dermis and can metastasize

45
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Least common
Arises from melanocytes
Develops as a large, flat, spreading sore, or a lump under the skin
Metastasis is common, usually fatal

46
Q

1st degree burn

A

Only on the epidermis
Red and painful
Heals in a week without scarring

47
Q

2nd degree burn

A 
Epidermis and dermis are damaged
Red and painful
Edema (swelling) usually develops
Blisters develop
Heal in 1-2 weeks, scarring depends on extent of dermal damage
48
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed
Skin can only regenerate from the edges
Skin grafts are often necessary

Spring of 2012 (56 decks)

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