Tissues Flashcards
Which tissue:
-forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters (skin surface)
Epithelial
Which tissue: supports, protects, binds other tissues together (bones, tendons, fat and other soft padding tissue)
Connective
Which tissue: contracts to cause movement? (muscles attached to bones, muscles of heart, muscle of walls of hollow organs
Muscle
Name the types of muscle
Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
Which tissue: is responsible for internal communication
Nervous (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
Which tissue matches these characteristics:
The cells have polarity: apical, lateral, and basal surfaces
Epithelial
Define Apical surface
Upper and free (surfaces may bear microvilli (the border of intestinal lining) or cilia (lining of trachea))
Define Basal
Lower and attached
Does epithelial tissue contain blood vessels?
No
Does epithelial tissue have a nervous system?
No
Is epithelial tissue supported by connective tissue reticular lamina?
Yes
Does epithelial tissue cover the surfaces of the body(external and internal)?
Yes
Does epithelial tissue have a high rate of regeneration?
Yes
Is epithelial tissue avascular (lacks a circulatory system)?
Yes
Which tissue has a high rate of regeneration?
Epithelial tissue
Are epithelial tissue cells tightly packed?
Yes
Name the cell junctions:
Tight junctions, adherence junctions, gap junction, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes
Which junction: zip lock seals intestines?
Tight junction
Which junction: velcro seals and holds cells together?
Adherence junctions
Which junction: tunnels for large molecules?
Gap junction
Which junction: has dots of velcro?
Desmosomes
Which junction: has dots of velcro?
Desmosomes (when the womb needs to expand)
Which junction: velcro’s to basement membrane?
Hemidesmosomes
Which junction: keeps substances from passing between cells?
Tight
Which junction: allow small molecules and ions to pass through adjacent cells?
Gap
Which junction: has mechanical protein links which bind cells together in tissues subject to considerable stretching?
Desmosomes
Which junction: has mechanical protein links which bind cells to the basement membrane in most tissue?
Hemidesmosomes
How many layers does simple epithelial tissue have?
One
Stratified epithelial tissue has _____ layers
More than one
Shapes of epithelial cells:
Squamous, columnar, cuboidal
Location of simple squamous shaped cells?
Lung alveoli
blood/lymphatic vessels
heart
serous membranes in ventral body cavity
Function of simple squamous shaped epithelial cells?
Allows diffusion and filtration of material
Location of simple cuboidal shaped cells?
Tubules of kidneys pancreas thyroid small glands ovary
Function of simple cuboidal shaped cells?
Secretion and absorption
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Simple squamous
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Simple cuboidal
Location of simple columnar shaped cell?
Most of the digestive tract gall bladder ducts of some glands small bronchi some parts of uterus
Function of simple columnar?
Absorption
secretion (enzymes, mucus)
propels
Location of stratified squamous epithelial cells?
non keratinized type: -skin -mouth esophagus vagina keratinized type: epidermis of skin
Function of stratified squamous epithelial cells?
Protections against mechanical stress and abrasion
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Strat. sq. ep
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Stratified squamous epithelial
Location of Pseudo stratified columnar epithelial cells
trachea/most of the upper respiratory tract
sperm carrying ducts (non ciliated)
Function of pseudo stratified columnar epithelial cells
secretion of mucus
propulsion of mucus through cilia
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pseudo stratified columnar epithelial cells
Transitional epithelial cell location:
Urinary bladder
ureters
urethra
Function of transition epithelial cell:
Stretches readily and permits distention
What is a gland?
A gland is one or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous
How is glandular epithelia classified?
By the site of PRODUCT RELEASE, ENDOCRINE OR EXOCRINE
and by the relative number of cells forming the gland-unicellular or multicellular
Types of glandular epithelia:
Endocrine glands
exocrine glands
unicellular exocrine glands
multicellular excocrine gland
Which gland is: more numerous than endocrine glands,
exocrine
Name a unicellular exocrine gland
Goblet cell(resp. tract)
Describe multicellular exocrine glands
-composed of a duct and a secretory unit and classified according to duct type or structure
Name the two modes of exocrine secretions:
Merocrine and holocrine
Does merocrine secrete exostosis?
Yes
“Products are secreted by rupture of gland cells” Merocrine or holocrine?
Holocrine
“Products are secreted by exocytosis” Merocrine or holocrine?
Merocrine
Which tissue has: Loose (areolar) connective tissue Loose (reticular) tissue adipose dense (regular and irregular) cartilage (hyaline, fibro, elastic) bone blood?
Connective tissue
Which junction has weak glycoprotein bonds which assist tight junctions in binding epithelial cells together?
Adherence junctions
Which type of glandular epithelia: secrete products into ducts?
Exocrine
Which type of glandular epithelia: “secretions released onto body surfaces or into body cavities?
Exocrine
Mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands are examples of ________ glands
Exocrine
Connective tissue, found in tendons, __________
binds tissues together
Connective tissue, found in the dermis of skin and membranes, __________ other tissues
Supports and strengthens
Connective tissue, found in the skeleton, gives ______ to vital organs
protection
Connective tissue, found in the blood, is responsible for _______
Transport
Connective tissue, found in FAT, is responsible for ______ and ______ storage
insulation and energy
Mature cells found in connective tissue have the suffix:
cysts
Mitotically active and secretory cells have the suffix:
blasts
Which two types of cells are in cartilage?
Chondroblasts and chondrocytes
Osteoblasts and osteocytes are found in _______ (think osteoporosis)
Bone
Mesenchyme is another type of ________
Connective tissue
_______ gives rise to all other connective tissues
Mesenchyme
This type of connective tissue is a gel-like ground substance with fibers and star shaped mesenchymal cells
Mesenchyme
Name the three protein fibers of the Matrix
Collagen, Reticular, and elastic fibers
The most common protein in the body is ______-
Collagen
_______ consists of three wound bands of polypeptides similar to “rope”
Collagen
Which protein fiber is very strong and flexible, but cannot stretch?
Collagen
Which protein fiber is the strongest?
Collagen
Which protein fiber has very fine collagen fibers?
Reticular
Which protein fiber is considered “not as significant”?
Reticular
Which protein fiber fills the gaps between other connective tissue?
Reticular
This protein fiber is shaped like “springs” at the molecular level
Elastic fibers
Which protein fiber is capable of distention and compression?
Elastic
Which connective tissue consists of elastic and collagen fibers?
Loose (areolar) connective tissue
This connective tissue has reticular fibers that support other cells, and is found in lymphoid organs
Loose (reticular) connective tissue
This dense connective tissue is found in tendons
Dense collagenous
This dense connective tissue is found in blood vessel walls
Dense elastic tissue
Is dense collagenous tissue regular or irregular?
both
Is dense elastic tissue regular or irregular?
Regular
Which connective tissue has SOME reticular fibers, has adipocytes which store fat, and are widely distributed in the body?
Adipose tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue is:
Irregularly arranged collagen fibers
This connective tissue has SOME elastic fibers, and has a high proportion of fibroblasts?
Dense irregular
The function of dense irregular connective tissue is the ability to withstand ________ in many different directions
Tension
Which connective tissue provides structural strength?
Dense irregular
Which connective tissue is located in the dermis of the skin, in fibrous capsules of organs and joints, and in the submucosa of the digestive tract?
Dense irregular
Which connective tissue has a network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance?
Loose Reticular
Loose reticular connective tissue is located in the ______ organs
Lymphoid
True or false, dense collagenous tissue is found in the skeleton?
False, it is found in tendons, ligaments, and dermis of the skin
True or false, dense collagenous tissue has a high proportion of collagen fibers
True
True or false, dense collagenous tissue can withstand great stress in ONE direction?
True
True or false, dense elastic tissue has fibroblasts that secrete collagen, and ALL FIBERS ARE PARALLEL
True
True or false, dense elastic tissue is found in the vocal cords, blood vessel walls, and the stomach
False, not found in the stomach
True or false, dense elastic tissue allows the recoil of tissue following stretching
True
Cartilage is composed of cells called ______
Chondrocytes
Chondrocytes secrete dense, evenly dispersed ______ fibers
collagen
________ sit in spaces called ________
chondrocytes, lacunae
Cartilage provides ______, _______, and ________
Flexibility, strength, support
The three types of ________, ________, and _______
Hyalin, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
Which type of cartilage is the most abundant?
Hyalin
Which cartilage is found on the ends of long bones(joints), trachea, land larynx?
Hyalin
Which cartilage can withstand compression forces?
Hyalin
Which cartilage provides support and cushioning properties?
Hyalin
Which cartilage has more elastic fibers in the matrix?
Elastic cartilage
Which cartilage is the ear and epiglottis?
Elastic
Which cartilage can recoil when bent?
Elastic
Which cartilage maintains shape and flexibility?
Elastic
Which cartilage has thick, visible collagen fibers?
Fibrocartilage
Which cartilage is found in the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, and the meniscus in the knee?
Fibrocartilage
Which cartilage can withstand tearing forces and absorb compressive shock?
Fibrocartilage
Bone is hard, ___________, with a lot of collagen fibers
calcified matrix
Do osteocytes lie in lacunae?
Yes
This connective tissue is responsible for support/protection, and stores calcium, minerals, and fat
Bone
This connective tissue contains blood cell information
Bone
This connective tissue is composed of ____ and ____ cells in plasma
Blood, red and white
Blood, a connective tissue, is responsible for the transport of ________ gases, ______, _______, and other substances
Respiratory, nutrients, wastes,
Blood, a connective tissue, is found within _______
blood vessels
_______ are branching cells
Neurons
This tissue is responsible for transmitting electric signals from sensory receptors, and transmitting electrical signals to effectors
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue is located in the _____, ______, and _____.
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Name this type of muscle tissue: “Striated, long cells, multinucleate”
Skeletal
Name this type of muscle tissue: “striated, intercalated disks, single nucleolus in each cell”
Cardiac
Name this type of muscle tissue: “NO striations, involuntary”
Smooth
Serous membranes are a type of __________
epithelial tissue
Parietal sores lines the ________
internal body walls
Visceral sores cover __________
internal organs