Nervous System II Flashcards
Cranial nerves will be on the final
STUDY CRANIAL NERVES
The midbrain, pons, medulla, and oblongata make up the ____ _____
Brain Stem
The spinal cord is the ____ _____ surrounded by a gray matter core
Central Cavity
The spinal cord has an external ____ _____ composed of ________ fiber tracts
white matter composed of myelinated fiber tracts
In the spinal cord, the central cavity is surrounded by a ____ ____ core
Gray matter
The ventricles of the brain are lined by ______ cells
Ependymal cells
Ventricles of the brain contain _____ _____
Cerebrospinal fluid
The ventricles of the brain have two C-shaped ____ ____ in the cerebral hemispheres
Lateral ventricles
The ____ ventricle of the brain is in the diencephalon
third
Which ventricle is in the diencephalon?
Third
Where is the fourth ventricle located?
Hindbrain
Where is the third ventricle located?
The diencephalon
The fourth ventricle of the brain is found in the _____, dorsal to the pons
Hindbrain
The ridges of the brain are called ____
gyri
The shallow grooves of the brain are called ____
sulci
The deep grooves of the brain are called _____
fissures
List the five lobes of the brain
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula.
Fissures are ____ grooves
Deep
Sulci are _____ grooves
shallow
Gyri are the _____ of the brain
ridges
Gyri are the ____ of gray matter cortex, and sulci are the _____ of gray matter cortex
Hills; Valleys
Cerebral brain tissue has an increase in the surface area thanks to __-______
in-foldings
The ____ _____ separates the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe and post central gyrus of the parietal lobe
Central Sulcus
The longitudinal tissue separates the __ ______
two hemispheres
The _____ ____ fissure separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum
Transverse cerebral fissure
Slide 15 is important, do more slides
:)
The ____ _____ is the site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation…
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex has three types of functional areas. What are they?
Motor, sensory, association
The ____ area of the cerebral cortex controls voluntary movement
Motor
The _____ areas of the cerebral cortex is responsible for conscious awareness of sensation
Sensory
The _______ areas of the cerebral cortex integrates diverse information
Association areas
The primary motor cortex is composed of large _____ ____ of the _____ gyri
pyramidal cells of the pre central gyri
The primary motor cortex allows ____ ____ of precise, skilled voluntary movements
Conscious control
The ____ ____ is anterior to the pre central gyrus
premotor cortex
The _____ ____ controls learned, repetitious, or patterned motor skills
Premotor cortex
The ____ ____ is involved in the planning of movements that depend on sensory feedback
Premotor Cortex
Broca’s area is present in one hemisphere, usually the ____
Left
Broca’s Area is a ____ ___ area that directs muscles of the _____
motor speech, muscles of the tongue
_____ ____ is active as one prepares to speak
Broca’s Area
The frontal eye field controls ______ ____ ____
voluntary eye movements
Does the frontal eye field control involuntary eye movements?
No, voluntary.
The ______ ______ _____ is in the post central gyri
Primary somatosensory cortex
The primary somatosensory cortex receives _____ _____ from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints
sensory information
The primary somatosensory cortex is capable of _____ ______
spacial discrimination
____ ____: identification of body region being stimulated
Spatial discrimination
Which cortex integrates sensory input from the primary somatosensory cortex?
Somatosensory ASSOCIATION cortex
Which cortex determines size, texture, and relationship of parts of objects being felt
Somatosensory association cortex
In visual areas, the primary visual cortex is at the tip of the _____ lobe
occipital
The primary visual cortex receives visual information from the ____
retinas
The visual association area surrounds the _____ _____ cortex
Primary visual
The visual association area uses past visual experiences to interpret ____ _____
visual stimuli
Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
Superior margin of the temporal lobes
The primary auditory cortex interprets information from the inner ear such as _____, ____, and location
pitch; loudness
The auditory association area is located ______ to the primary auditory cortex
posterior
The auditory association area stores ______ of sounds
Memories
The ______ cortex is found in the medial aspect of temporal lobes
Olfactory
The olfactory cortez is the region of conscious awareness of _____
odors
The gustatory cortex is found in the ______ lobe
insula
Which cortex is involved in the perception of taste?
Gustatory cortex
The ____ _____ area is the conscious perception of visceral sensations….i.e ______ or a full bladder
Visceral sensory area; upset stomach
The ______ cortex is responsible for conscious awareness of balance
Vestibular
Which cortex is responsible for conscious awareness of balance?
Vestibular cortex
Which cortex is the most complicated cortical region?
Prefrontal cortex
Which cortex is involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?
Prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex contains ____ memory
working
The prefrontal cortex is also called the ____ _____ area
Anterior association area
The posterior association area is a large region in the _____, _____, and ____ lobes
Temporal, parietal, and occipital
Which area plays are role in recognizing patterns and faces?
Posterior association
The ____ association area is involved in understanding written and spoken language (______ area)
posterior; wernicke’s area
The ______ association area provides emotional impact that helps establish memories
Limbic
______ is the division of labor between hemispheres
Lateralization
The _____ hemisphere controls language, math, and logic
Left
The _____ hemisphere is insight, visual-spatial skills, intuition, and artistic skills
Right
The left and right hemispheres communicate via ____ tracts in the cerebral ______ matter
Fiber tracts; cerebral white matter
Cerebral white matter has ______ fibers
myelinated
Cerebral white matter is responsible for _____
communication
In cerebral white matter, _______ connect gray matter of the two hemispheres
Commissures
In cerebral white matter, _______ fibers connect different parts of the same hemisphere
Association fibers
In cerebral white matter, _______ fibers connect the hemispheres with the lower brain or spinal cord
Projection fibers
Basal Nuclei is functionally associated the sub thalamic nuclei (______) and the sustantia nigra (____)
Diencephalon; midbrain
Basal nuclei influences _____ ______
muscular control
Basal nuclei helps regulate ______ and ______
attention and cognition
Basal nuclei regulates the ______ of slow or stereotyped movements
intensity
Basal nuclei______ antagonistic and unnecessary movements
INHIBIT
The medulla oblongata forms part of the ventral wall of the _____ ventricle
Fourth
The ___ ______ contains a choroid plexus of the _____ ventricle
Medulla oblongata; fourth ventricle
The medulla oblongata has decussation of the pyramids- crossover of the ________ tracts
Corticospinal tracts
The Medulla oblongata has inferior olivary _____, which relays sensory information
Nuclei
The medulla oblongata has ____ _____ VIII, X, and XII, which are associated with the medulla
Cranial nerves
In the medulla oblongata, the vestibular nuclear complex mediates responses that maintain _______
equilibrium
Several nuclei in the _____ ____ relay sensory information
medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata has autonomic ______ centers
reflex
The ____ ____ has a cardiovascular center
medulla oblongata
The cardiac center of the medulla oblongata adjusts _____ and ____ of heart contractions
force and rate
The cardiovascular system of the medulla oblongata has a ______ center, which adjust blood vessel ____
vasomotor; adjusts blood vessel diameter
The ____ ______ has a respiratory center
Medulla Oblongata
The respiratory center of the medulla oblongata generates respiratory ______
rhythm
