JOINTS Flashcards
_______ is the site where two or bones meet
Articulation
______ give skeleton mobility
Joints
What holds the skeleton together?
Joints
Joints have three functional classifications
______: immovable
______: slightly movable
______: freely movable
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
Which joint classification allows no movement?
Synarthroses
Which joint classification allows slight movement?
Amphiarthroses
Which joint classification allows free movement?
Diarthroses
Joints have three structural classifications: _____, _____, ______
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Fibrous joints are mostly immovable, which means they are also called ______
Synarthrotic (Synarthroses)
Fibrous joints are joined by ____ ______ _____ tissue
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Sutures, Syndesmoses, and Gomphoses are all types of ______ joints
Fibrous
______, a Fibrous joint, have rigid, interlocking joints containing short connective tissue fibers
Sutures
______, a fibrous joint, allow for growth during youth
Sutures
______, a fibrous joint, ossify during middle age and become synostoses.
Sutures
Sutures ossify during middle age and are then called _______
Synostoses
Sutures are found only in the ______
skull
_______, a fibrous joint, connect bones by ligaments
Syndesmoses
Ligaments are bands of _____ ____
Fibrous tissue
The movement of Syndesmoses fibrous joints varies from _______ to slightly movable(Amphiarthroses)
Immovable (Synarthroses)
Synarthrotic distal tibiofibular joint is a _________ joint
Syndesmoses
The joint “Diarthrotic interosseous”, which is a syndesmoses joint, is the connection between the ____ and _____
Radius and Ulna
_____, a type of fibrous joint, have Peg-in-socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets
Gomphoses
Gomphoses joints have peg-in-socket joints of teeth in ______ ______
Alveolar sockets
The periodontal ligament has a _______ connection
Fibrous
Cartilaginous joints unite bones by _______
cartilage
Cartilaginous joints have two sub types:
_______ and ______
Synchondroses
Symphyses
Synchondroses and Symphyses are two types of _______ joints
Cartilaginous
In synchondroses, a bar or plate of ____ _____ unites the bones
hyaline cartilage
All cartilaginous synchondroses joints are _______ (immovable)
Synarthrotic
In Cartilaginous Symphyses, ______ ____ covers the articulating surfaces
Hyaline Cartilage
In cartilaginous Symphyses, Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surfaces and is fused to an intervening pad of _______
Fibrocartilage
All synovial joints are ______ (free movement)
Diarthrotic
Synovial joints include all _____ _____
limb joints
Articular cartilage and the joint cavity are two distinguishing features of ______ joints
Synovial joints
Synovial joints have an articular _____
Capsule
The synovial joint articular capsule has an ___ ____ capsule of dense irregular connective tissue
Outer Fibrous
The synovial joint articular capsule has an ______ synovial membrane of loose connective tissue
Inner
“Outer fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue” This describes which joint?
Synovial
“Inner synovial membrane of loose connective tissue” This describes which joint?
Synovial
Which joint has an articular capsule?
Synovial
What type of fluid lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage?
Synovial fluid
_____ fluid is viscous slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid
Synovial
Hyaluronic acid is a mixture of ______ acid and ______
amino acid and glucose
Synovial joints have three possible types of reinforcing ligaments.
_______: Part of the fibrous capsule
_______: Outside the capsule
_______: deep to capsule, covered by the synovial membrane
Capsular, extracapsular, and intracapsular
“Part of the fibrous capsule” This describes which reinforcing ligament of synovial joints?
Capsular
“Outside the capsule” This describes which reinforcing ligament of synovial joints?
Extracapsular
“deep to capsule, covered by synovial membrane” This describes which reinforcing ligament of synovial joints?
Intracapsular
Which type of joint is rich in nerves and blood vessels?
Synovial
Nerve fibers detect ____
pain
Nerve fibers monitor ____ ____ and ______
joint position and stretch
In ______ joints, capillary beds produce filtrate for synovial fluid
Synovial
Bursae is a _______ reducing structure within synovial joints
Friction reducing
Do Bursae contain synovial fluid?
Yes
“Commonly act as ball bearings, where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together” This describes ______, found in synovial joints
Bursae
______ are flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes
Bursae
Bursae are ______ sacs
Fibrous
A “Tendon sheath” is a _____ reducing structure within synovial joints
Friction
____ _____ are elongated bursas that wrap completely around a tendon in synovial joints
Tendon Sheaths
Muscle tone is a _______ factor of synovial joints because it keeps tendons that cross the joint taut.
Stabilizing
Muscle tone is extremely important in reinforcing ______ and ____ joints as well as the arches of the foot
shoulder and knee
In the movement of synovial joints, the “origin” is the attachment to the ______ bone
Immovable
In the movement of synovial joints, the “insertion” is the attachment to the ______ bone
movable
Muscle _______ causes the insertion to move toward the origin
contraction
Muscle contraction causes the _______ to move toward the _____ (synovial joint movement)
insertion to move toward the origin
In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is slipping movement only
Nonaxial
In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is movement in one plane
Uniaxial
In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is movement in two planes
Biaxial
In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is movement in or around all three planes
Multiaxial
In ______ movements, one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface
Gliding
Intercarpal and intertarsal joints are examples of _____ movements
Gliding
______ movements are movement that occur along the sagittal plane
Angular
______ (angular) decreases the angle of the joint
Flexion
______ (angular) increases the angle of the joint
Extension
______ (angular) is the excessive extension beyond normal range of motion
Hyperextension
______ movements are movements that occur along the frontal plane
Angular
______ (angular) is movement away from the midline
Abduction
______ (angular) movement toward the midline
Adduction
______ (angular) flexion + abduction of a limb so as to describe a cone in space
Circumduction
_______ is the turning of a bone around its own long axis
Rotation
Examples of rotation include which two vertebrae?
C1 and C2
Rotation occurs with the ______ and _____
humerus and femur
Supination and Pronation are _______ movements
Special
Movements of the radius around the ulna is a ______ movement
Special
______ (special) turning hand backward
Supination
_____ (special) turning hand forward
Pronation
In _______, the radius and ulna are parallel
Supination
in ______, the radius rotates over ulna
Pronation
Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion are ______ movements
Special
_______ is upward movement of the foot
Dorsiflexion
____ ____ is downward movement of the foot
Plantar flexion
______ of the foot is when the sole turns medially
Inversion
_____ of the foot is when the sole turns laterally
Eversion
Protraction and Retraction are ______ movements
Special
______ is anterior movement in a transverse plane
Protraction
_______ is posterior movement in a transverse plane
Retraction
______ is lifting a body part superiorly
Elevation
_____ is moving a body part inferiorly
Depression
_______ of the thumb is movement in the saddle joint so that the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers “ok”
Opposition
How many types of synovial joints are there?
Six
Synovial joint types are based on the shape of their ______ surface
articular
-Nonaxial joints
-Flat articular surfaces
-Short gliding movements
This describes the synovial ______ joints
Plane joints
-Uniaxial joints
-motion along a single plane
-flexion and extension only
This describes the synovial ______ joints
Hinge joints
-Rounded end of one bone conforms to a “sleeve”
-Uniaxial movement only
This describes the synovial ______ joints
Pivot joints
-Biaxial joints
-Both articular surfaces are oval
-Permit all angular movements
This describes the synovial ______ joints
Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints
- Biaxial
- allow greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints
- each articular surface has both concave and convex areas
Saddle joints
- Multiaxial joints
- The most freely moving synovial joints
Ball-and-Socket joints
Which joint is the largest, most complex joint of the body?
The knee
The _____ joint is three joints surrounded by a single joint cavity
Knee
The ___________ joint is a
- plane joint
- allows gliding motion during knee flexion
Femoropatellar joint
The lateral and medial ______ joints between the femoral condyles and the C-shaped lateral and medial menisci (semilunar cartilages) of the tibia allow
- flexion
- extension
- and some rotation when knee is partly flexed
Tibiofemoral
The knee joint has __ bursae
12
In the knee joint, the joint capsule is _____
thin
In the knee joint, the capsule is reinforced by ____ _____
muscle tendons
The capsular and extracapsular ligaments in the knee joint help prevent ________
hyperextension
The intracapsular ligaments in the knee prevent _____-_____ displacement
Anterior-posterior
Anterior and posterior intracapsular ligaments in the knee joint ______ ligaments
Cruciate
The shoulder joint is also called the
Glenohumeral
The shoulder joint is a __-and-____ joint
Ball and socket joint
In the shoulder joint, the ball and socket part are the head of the ______ and the glenoid fossa of the ______
humerus and scapula
The elbow joint is where the ___ and ____ articulate with the _____
Radius; ulna and humerus
The elbow joint is a _____ joint
Hinge
The elbow joint is formed mainly by the trochlear notch of the _____ and trochlea of _____
Ulna and humerus
The elbow joint has _____ and extension only
Flexion
TMJ is the ____ joint
Temporomandibular joint
Which joint dislocates the easiest?
TMJ
What two types of movement does the TMJ joint have?
Hinge and Gliding
In the TM joint, the mandibular condyle articulates with the _____ bone
Temporal
Sprains area common _____ injury
Joint
In a sprain, the ligaments are ____ or _____
Stretched or town
With a sprain, partial tears _____ repair themselves
Slowly
Cartilage tears are due to _____ and _____ stress
Compression and shear
Cartilage tears ____ repairs itself
Rarely
Dislocations occur when bones are forces out of _______
Alignment
Dislocations are accompanied by sprains, ______, and joint ________
Inflammation and joint immobilization
______ is a partial dislocation of a joint
Subluxation
Inflammation of a bursa is called ____
Bursitis
Inflammation of tendon sheaths is called _____
Tendonitis
Arthritis has ____ forms and ____ forms
Acute and chronic
Acute arthritis is cased by _____
Bacteria
Chronic arthritis is caused by _______, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis
osteoarthritis
Which arthritis is Common, irreversible, and degenerative?
Osteoarthritis
Which arthritis has cartilage that is destroyed and not replaces?
Osteo
“exposed bone ends thicken, enlarge, form bone spurs, and restrict movement” this is ______ arthritis
Osteo
Rheumatoid arthritis is treated by ______ or ________
Anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuprressants
Which arthritis has deposition of uric acid crystals?
Gouty
Gouty arthritis typically affects the joint at the base of the _____
Toe
Treatment of Gouty arthritis
Water, avoid, alcohol, decrease sugar intake
Lyme disease is caused by _____ transmitted by tick bites
Bacteria
Symptoms of Lyme disease?
SKin, rash, flu-like, foggy thinking
TRue or false, lyme disease can lead to joint pain and arthritis?
True
Treatment of lyme disease?
Antibiotics
