JOINTS Flashcards
1
Q
_______ is the site where two or bones meet
A
Articulation
2
Q
______ give skeleton mobility
A
Joints
3
Q
What holds the skeleton together?
A
Joints
4
Q
Joints have three functional classifications
______: immovable
______: slightly movable
______: freely movable
A
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
5
Q
Which joint classification allows no movement?
A
Synarthroses
6
Q
Which joint classification allows slight movement?
A
Amphiarthroses
7
Q
Which joint classification allows free movement?
A
Diarthroses
8
Q
Joints have three structural classifications: _____, _____, ______
A
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
9
Q
Fibrous joints are mostly immovable, which means they are also called ______
A
Synarthrotic (Synarthroses)
10
Q
Fibrous joints are joined by ____ ______ _____ tissue
A
Dense fibrous connective tissue
11
Q
Sutures, Syndesmoses, and Gomphoses are all types of ______ joints
A
Fibrous
12
Q
______, a Fibrous joint, have rigid, interlocking joints containing short connective tissue fibers
A
Sutures
13
Q
______, a fibrous joint, allow for growth during youth
A
Sutures
14
Q
______, a fibrous joint, ossify during middle age and become synostoses.
A
Sutures
15
Q
Sutures ossify during middle age and are then called _______
A
Synostoses
16
Q
Sutures are found only in the ______
A
skull
17
Q
_______, a fibrous joint, connect bones by ligaments
A
Syndesmoses
18
Q
Ligaments are bands of _____ ____
A
Fibrous tissue
19
Q
The movement of Syndesmoses fibrous joints varies from _______ to slightly movable(Amphiarthroses)
A
Immovable (Synarthroses)
20
Q
Synarthrotic distal tibiofibular joint is a _________ joint
A
Syndesmoses
21
Q
The joint “Diarthrotic interosseous”, which is a syndesmoses joint, is the connection between the ____ and _____
A
Radius and Ulna
22
Q
_____, a type of fibrous joint, have Peg-in-socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets
A
Gomphoses
23
Q
Gomphoses joints have peg-in-socket joints of teeth in ______ ______
A
Alveolar sockets
24
Q
The periodontal ligament has a _______ connection
A
Fibrous
25
Cartilaginous joints unite bones by _______
cartilage
26
Cartilaginous joints have two sub types:
| _______ and ______
Synchondroses
| Symphyses
27
Synchondroses and Symphyses are two types of _______ joints
Cartilaginous
28
In synchondroses, a bar or plate of ____ _____ unites the bones
hyaline cartilage
29
All cartilaginous synchondroses joints are _______ (immovable)
Synarthrotic
30
In Cartilaginous Symphyses, ______ ____ covers the articulating surfaces
Hyaline Cartilage
31
In cartilaginous Symphyses, Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surfaces and is fused to an intervening pad of _______
Fibrocartilage
32
All synovial joints are ______ (free movement)
Diarthrotic
33
Synovial joints include all _____ _____
limb joints
34
Articular cartilage and the joint cavity are two distinguishing features of ______ joints
Synovial joints
35
Synovial joints have an articular _____
Capsule
36
The synovial joint articular capsule has an ___ ____ capsule of dense irregular connective tissue
Outer Fibrous
37
The synovial joint articular capsule has an ______ synovial membrane of loose connective tissue
Inner
38
"Outer fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue" This describes which joint?
Synovial
39
"Inner synovial membrane of loose connective tissue" This describes which joint?
Synovial
40
Which joint has an articular capsule?
Synovial
41
What type of fluid lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage?
Synovial fluid
42
_____ fluid is viscous slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid
Synovial
43
Hyaluronic acid is a mixture of ______ acid and ______
amino acid and glucose
44
Synovial joints have three possible types of reinforcing ligaments.
_______: Part of the fibrous capsule
_______: Outside the capsule
_______: deep to capsule, covered by the synovial membrane
Capsular, extracapsular, and intracapsular
45
"Part of the fibrous capsule" This describes which reinforcing ligament of synovial joints?
Capsular
46
"Outside the capsule" This describes which reinforcing ligament of synovial joints?
Extracapsular
47
"deep to capsule, covered by synovial membrane" This describes which reinforcing ligament of synovial joints?
Intracapsular
48
Which type of joint is rich in nerves and blood vessels?
Synovial
49
Nerve fibers detect ____
pain
50
Nerve fibers monitor ____ ____ and ______
joint position and stretch
51
In ______ joints, capillary beds produce filtrate for synovial fluid
Synovial
52
Bursae is a _______ reducing structure within synovial joints
Friction reducing
53
Do Bursae contain synovial fluid?
Yes
54
"Commonly act as ball bearings, where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together" This describes ______, found in synovial joints
Bursae
55
______ are flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes
Bursae
56
Bursae are ______ sacs
Fibrous
57
A "Tendon sheath" is a _____ reducing structure within synovial joints
Friction
58
____ _____ are elongated bursas that wrap completely around a tendon in synovial joints
Tendon Sheaths
59
Muscle tone is a _______ factor of synovial joints because it keeps tendons that cross the joint taut.
Stabilizing
60
Muscle tone is extremely important in reinforcing ______ and ____ joints as well as the arches of the foot
shoulder and knee
61
In the movement of synovial joints, the "origin" is the attachment to the ______ bone
Immovable
62
In the movement of synovial joints, the "insertion" is the attachment to the ______ bone
movable
63
Muscle _______ causes the insertion to move toward the origin
contraction
64
Muscle contraction causes the _______ to move toward the _____ (synovial joint movement)
insertion to move toward the origin
65
In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is slipping movement only
Nonaxial
66
In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is movement in one plane
Uniaxial
67
In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is movement in two planes
Biaxial
68
In synovial joints, range of motion, ________ is movement in or around all three planes
Multiaxial
69
In ______ movements, one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface
Gliding
70
Intercarpal and intertarsal joints are examples of _____ movements
Gliding
71
______ movements are movement that occur along the sagittal plane
Angular
72
______ (angular) decreases the angle of the joint
Flexion
73
______ (angular) increases the angle of the joint
Extension
74
______ (angular) is the excessive extension beyond normal range of motion
Hyperextension
75
______ movements are movements that occur along the frontal plane
Angular
76
______ (angular) is movement away from the midline
Abduction
77
______ (angular) movement toward the midline
Adduction
78
______ (angular) flexion + abduction of a limb so as to describe a cone in space
Circumduction
79
_______ is the turning of a bone around its own long axis
Rotation
80
Examples of rotation include which two vertebrae?
C1 and C2
81
Rotation occurs with the ______ and _____
humerus and femur
82
Supination and Pronation are _______ movements
Special
83
Movements of the radius around the ulna is a ______ movement
Special
84
______ (special) turning hand backward
Supination
85
_____ (special) turning hand forward
Pronation
86
In _______, the radius and ulna are parallel
Supination
87
in ______, the radius rotates over ulna
Pronation
88
Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion are ______ movements
Special
89
_______ is upward movement of the foot
Dorsiflexion
90
____ ____ is downward movement of the foot
Plantar flexion
91
______ of the foot is when the sole turns medially
Inversion
92
_____ of the foot is when the sole turns laterally
Eversion
93
Protraction and Retraction are ______ movements
Special
94
______ is anterior movement in a transverse plane
Protraction
95
_______ is posterior movement in a transverse plane
Retraction
96
______ is lifting a body part superiorly
Elevation
97
_____ is moving a body part inferiorly
Depression
98
_______ of the thumb is movement in the saddle joint so that the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers "ok"
Opposition
99
How many types of synovial joints are there?
Six
100
Synovial joint types are based on the shape of their ______ surface
articular
101
-Nonaxial joints
-Flat articular surfaces
-Short gliding movements
This describes the synovial ______ joints
Plane joints
102
-Uniaxial joints
-motion along a single plane
-flexion and extension only
This describes the synovial ______ joints
Hinge joints
103
-Rounded end of one bone conforms to a "sleeve"
-Uniaxial movement only
This describes the synovial ______ joints
Pivot joints
104
-Biaxial joints
-Both articular surfaces are oval
-Permit all angular movements
This describes the synovial ______ joints
Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints
105
- Biaxial
- allow greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints
- each articular surface has both concave and convex areas
Saddle joints
106
- Multiaxial joints
| - The most freely moving synovial joints
Ball-and-Socket joints
107
Which joint is the largest, most complex joint of the body?
The knee
108
The _____ joint is three joints surrounded by a single joint cavity
Knee
109
The ___________ joint is a
- plane joint
- allows gliding motion during knee flexion
Femoropatellar joint
110
The lateral and medial ______ joints between the femoral condyles and the C-shaped lateral and medial menisci (semilunar cartilages) of the tibia allow
- flexion
- extension
- and some rotation when knee is partly flexed
Tibiofemoral
111
The knee joint has __ bursae
12
112
In the knee joint, the joint capsule is _____
thin
113
In the knee joint, the capsule is reinforced by ____ _____
muscle tendons
114
The capsular and extracapsular ligaments in the knee joint help prevent ________
hyperextension
115
The intracapsular ligaments in the knee prevent _____-_____ displacement
Anterior-posterior
116
Anterior and posterior intracapsular ligaments in the knee joint ______ ligaments
Cruciate
117
The shoulder joint is also called the
Glenohumeral
118
The shoulder joint is a __-and-____ joint
Ball and socket joint
119
In the shoulder joint, the ball and socket part are the head of the ______ and the glenoid fossa of the ______
humerus and scapula
120
The elbow joint is where the ___ and ____ articulate with the _____
Radius; ulna and humerus
121
The elbow joint is a _____ joint
Hinge
122
The elbow joint is formed mainly by the trochlear notch of the _____ and trochlea of _____
Ulna and humerus
123
The elbow joint has _____ and extension only
Flexion
124
TMJ is the ____ joint
Temporomandibular joint
125
Which joint dislocates the easiest?
TMJ
126
What two types of movement does the TMJ joint have?
Hinge and Gliding
127
In the TM joint, the mandibular condyle articulates with the _____ bone
Temporal
128
Sprains area common _____ injury
Joint
129
In a sprain, the ligaments are ____ or _____
Stretched or town
130
With a sprain, partial tears _____ repair themselves
Slowly
131
Cartilage tears are due to _____ and _____ stress
Compression and shear
132
Cartilage tears ____ repairs itself
Rarely
133
Dislocations occur when bones are forces out of _______
Alignment
134
Dislocations are accompanied by sprains, ______, and joint ________
Inflammation and joint immobilization
135
______ is a partial dislocation of a joint
Subluxation
136
Inflammation of a bursa is called ____
Bursitis
137
Inflammation of tendon sheaths is called _____
Tendonitis
138
Arthritis has ____ forms and ____ forms
Acute and chronic
139
Acute arthritis is cased by _____
Bacteria
140
Chronic arthritis is caused by _______, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis
osteoarthritis
141
Which arthritis is Common, irreversible, and degenerative?
Osteoarthritis
142
Which arthritis has cartilage that is destroyed and not replaces?
Osteo
143
"exposed bone ends thicken, enlarge, form bone spurs, and restrict movement" this is ______ arthritis
Osteo
144
Rheumatoid arthritis is treated by ______ or ________
Anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuprressants
145
Which arthritis has deposition of uric acid crystals?
Gouty
146
Gouty arthritis typically affects the joint at the base of the _____
Toe
147
Treatment of Gouty arthritis
Water, avoid, alcohol, decrease sugar intake
148
Lyme disease is caused by _____ transmitted by tick bites
Bacteria
149
Symptoms of Lyme disease?
SKin, rash, flu-like, foggy thinking
150
TRue or false, lyme disease can lead to joint pain and arthritis?
True
151
Treatment of lyme disease?
Antibiotics
