Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and physiology I lecture > Autonomic lecture > Flashcards

Autonomic lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The ANS consists of _____ neurons that innervate _____ and _____ muscle and glands

A

Motor; smooth; cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ANS makes adjustments to ensure optimal support for body activities. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The ANS operates via subconscious control. true or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two branches of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is sympathetic active or calm?

A

Active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is the parasympathetic system responsible for functions of the body at rest, such as digestion?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are you in control of the somatic nervous system?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. Somatic or ANS?

A

ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Somatic, which is conscious control, controls the skeletal muscles because you can move them. True?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A somatic motor fiber is thick and heavily ______

A

myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is the ANS pathway a one neuron chain?

A

NO, two-neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is a ganglionic neuron of the ANS thin and lightly myelinated?

A

NO, that’s a preganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_______ neuron in the CNS has a thin, lightly myelinated _______ axon

A

Preganglionic x2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does a ganglionic neuron contain an unmyelinated postganglionic axon?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Some somatic neurons release ACh. True or false?

A

False, ALL somatic motor neurons release ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which ganglionic fiber releases ACh? pre or post?

A

Pre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which ganglionic fiber releases norepinephrine and/or ACh? Post or pre?

A

Post ganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Depending on the type of receptor, ganglionic fibers have the effect of either _____ or ____

A

stimulatory or inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have dual innervation. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

All visceral organs are served by both branches of the ANS, but they cause _____ effects

A

opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which ANS branch promotes maintenance activities and conserves body energy?

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is gastrointestinal tract activity high when your parasympathetic division is working?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pupils are constricting during which division of the ANS?

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which ANS division mobilizes the body during activity?

A

Sympatthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which ANS division promotes adjustments during exercise?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

“blood flow is shunted to skeletal muscles and heart” this occurs with the ______ division

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

“Bronchioles dilate” during which ANS branch?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The liver releases glucose with the parasympathetic branch. True or false?

A

False; sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Preganglionic neurons are in which spinal cord segments?

A

T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

_______ neurons produce the lateral horns of the spinal cord

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many paravertebral ganglia are in the sympathetic trunk?

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are three things a preganglionic fiber might do when it enters the sympathetic trunk ganglion? 1. Synapse with a _____ neuron with the same ganglion

A

Ganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are three things a preganglionic fiber might do when it enters the sympathetic trunk ganglion? 2. ______ or ______ the sympathetic trunk to synapse in another trunk gangkion

A

Ascend or descend

34
Q

What are three things a preganglionic fiber might do when it enters the sympathetic trunk ganglion? 3. _____ through the trunk ganglion and emerge without synapsing

A

Pass

35
Q

Sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and vascular smooth muscles are innervated by the _______ axons

A

Postganglionic

36
Q

Some _______ fibers pass directly to the adrenal medulla without synapsing

A

Preganglionic

37
Q

Upon stimulation, ________ cells secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood

A

Medullary

38
Q

Visceral reflex arc has _____ neurons in the motor pathway

A

Two

39
Q

Visceral pain afferents travel alone the same pathways as _____ pain fibers, contributing to the phenomenon of referred pain

A

somatic

40
Q

Concerning referred pain, pain stimuli arising in the viscera are perceived as _____ in origin

A

somatic

41
Q

Which fibers release the neurotransmitter ACh (ALL ANS preganglioic axons and parasympathetic postganglionic axons)

A

Cholinergic

42
Q

Which fibers release the neurotransmitter NE (most sympathetic postganglionic axons)

A

Adrenergic

43
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete _____ at sweat glans and some blood vessels in the skeletal muscle

A

ACh

44
Q

ACh has ______ receptors

A

Cholinergic

45
Q

NE has ______ receptors

A

Adrenergic

46
Q

Which two types of receptors bind to ACh?

A

Nicotinic and muscarinic

47
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found? (concerning muscle)

A

Motor end plates of skeletal muscle cells

48
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found? (concerning neurons)

A

ALL ganglionic neurons, symp. and parasymp.

49
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found? (concerning hormone producing cells)

A

Cells of the adrenal medulla

50
Q

IS the effect of ACh at nicotinic receptors stimulatory or inhibitory?

A

Stimulatory

51
Q

Muscarinic receptors are found on all effectors cells stimulated by ____ganglionic ______ fibers

A

post; cholinergic

52
Q

The effect of ACh at muscarinic receptors can be wither inhibitory or excitatory. True or false?

A

True

53
Q

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha and Beta

54
Q

Effects of __ depend on which subclass receptor predominates on the target organ

A

NE

55
Q

Which drug blocks muscarinic receptors?

A

Atropine

56
Q

Atropine is used to prevent what during surgery?

A

Salivation

57
Q

Atropine is used to dilate the ____ for examination

A

pupils

58
Q

The drug neostigmine inhibits ________ at motor end plates

A

AcetylcholinestERASE

59
Q

What is neostigmine used to treat?

A

Myasthenia graves

60
Q

Over the counter drugs for colds and allergies stimulate ______ receptors which result in smooth muscle constriction

A

Adrenergic

61
Q

With beta drugs, beta-agonist are ______ and beta antagonists are _____

A

stimulators;blockers

62
Q

Beta-1-agonists stimulate which muscles contraction?

A

Heart muscle

63
Q

Beta-2-agonists are drugs the attach to receptors to _____ lung bronchioles in asthmatcis

A

Dilate

64
Q

Do beta-2-agonists stimulate smooth muscle relaxation?

A

Yes

65
Q

Beta-1-blocker block ____ contraction

A

heart

66
Q

Beta-2-blocker blocks _____ muscle relaxation

A

smooth muscle

67
Q

The ______ division controls blood pressure, even at rest

A

Sympathetic

68
Q

_______ tone keeps the blood vessels in a continual state of partial constriction

A

Sympathetic

69
Q

With sympathetic tone, sympathetic fibers fire more rabidly to _____ blood vessels and cause blood pressure to ____ or….. they can fire LESS rapidly, which prompts vessels to ______ which decreases blood ppressure

A

constrict and rise; dilate

70
Q

Alpha-blocker drugs interfere with vasomotor fibers and are used to treat _______

A

Hypertension

71
Q

Both branches of the ANS have cooperative effects. Parasympathetic fibers cause _______ (erection of penis or clioris), and then sympathetic fibers cause ______ of semen, and the reflect contraction of a female’s vagina

A

Vaslolidation; ejaculation

72
Q

The sympathetic division controls thermoregulatory responses to heat. True or false?

A

True

73
Q

Which ANS division is responsible for release of renin?

A

Sympathetic

74
Q

Which ANS brach increases metabolic rates of cells, raises blood glucose levels, and mobilizes fats?

A

Sympathetic

75
Q

The parasympathetic is short live and highly ______. The sympathetic division is long-lasting with _____ effects

A

localized; bodywide

76
Q

What is responsible for the sympathetic division being long lasting?

A

NE

77
Q

NE and ________ are released into the blood and remain there until destroyed by the liver

A

Epinephrine

78
Q

Which structure of the brain is the main integration center for ANS activity?

A

Hypothalamus

79
Q

Hypothalamic control of the ANS might be direct or indirect. True or false?

A

TRue

80
Q

Centers of the hypothalamus control include heart activity and _____ _____. Body temperature, water balance, and _____ activity.

A

blood pressure; endocrine

81
Q

Hypothalamus control includes the _____ ______ (rage, pleasure, hunger, thirst, sex)

A

Emotional stages

82
Q

Reactions to fear is part of the ________ control center

A

Hypothalamus

Anatomy and physiology I lecture (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions