Autonomic lecture Flashcards
The ANS consists of _____ neurons that innervate _____ and _____ muscle and glands
Motor; smooth; cardiac
The ANS makes adjustments to ensure optimal support for body activities. True or false?
True
The ANS operates via subconscious control. true or false?
True
What are the two branches of the ANS?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Is sympathetic active or calm?
Active
Is the parasympathetic system responsible for functions of the body at rest, such as digestion?
Yes
Are you in control of the somatic nervous system?
Yes
Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. Somatic or ANS?
ANS
Somatic, which is conscious control, controls the skeletal muscles because you can move them. True?
Yes
A somatic motor fiber is thick and heavily ______
myelinated
Is the ANS pathway a one neuron chain?
NO, two-neuron
Is a ganglionic neuron of the ANS thin and lightly myelinated?
NO, that’s a preganglionic
_______ neuron in the CNS has a thin, lightly myelinated _______ axon
Preganglionic x2
Does a ganglionic neuron contain an unmyelinated postganglionic axon?
Yes
Some somatic neurons release ACh. True or false?
False, ALL somatic motor neurons release ACh
Which ganglionic fiber releases ACh? pre or post?
Pre
Which ganglionic fiber releases norepinephrine and/or ACh? Post or pre?
Post ganglionic
Depending on the type of receptor, ganglionic fibers have the effect of either _____ or ____
stimulatory or inhibitory
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have dual innervation. True or false?
True
All visceral organs are served by both branches of the ANS, but they cause _____ effects
opposite
Which ANS branch promotes maintenance activities and conserves body energy?
Parasympathetic
Is gastrointestinal tract activity high when your parasympathetic division is working?
Yes
Pupils are constricting during which division of the ANS?
Parasympathetic
Which ANS division mobilizes the body during activity?
Sympatthetic
Which ANS division promotes adjustments during exercise?
Sympathetic
“blood flow is shunted to skeletal muscles and heart” this occurs with the ______ division
Sympathetic
“Bronchioles dilate” during which ANS branch?
Sympathetic
The liver releases glucose with the parasympathetic branch. True or false?
False; sympathetic
Preganglionic neurons are in which spinal cord segments?
T1-L2
_______ neurons produce the lateral horns of the spinal cord
Sympathetic
How many paravertebral ganglia are in the sympathetic trunk?
23
What are three things a preganglionic fiber might do when it enters the sympathetic trunk ganglion? 1. Synapse with a _____ neuron with the same ganglion
Ganglionic
What are three things a preganglionic fiber might do when it enters the sympathetic trunk ganglion? 2. ______ or ______ the sympathetic trunk to synapse in another trunk gangkion
Ascend or descend
What are three things a preganglionic fiber might do when it enters the sympathetic trunk ganglion? 3. _____ through the trunk ganglion and emerge without synapsing
Pass
Sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and vascular smooth muscles are innervated by the _______ axons
Postganglionic
Some _______ fibers pass directly to the adrenal medulla without synapsing
Preganglionic
Upon stimulation, ________ cells secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood
Medullary
Visceral reflex arc has _____ neurons in the motor pathway
Two
Visceral pain afferents travel alone the same pathways as _____ pain fibers, contributing to the phenomenon of referred pain
somatic
Concerning referred pain, pain stimuli arising in the viscera are perceived as _____ in origin
somatic
Which fibers release the neurotransmitter ACh (ALL ANS preganglioic axons and parasympathetic postganglionic axons)
Cholinergic
Which fibers release the neurotransmitter NE (most sympathetic postganglionic axons)
Adrenergic
Sympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete _____ at sweat glans and some blood vessels in the skeletal muscle
ACh
ACh has ______ receptors
Cholinergic
NE has ______ receptors
Adrenergic
Which two types of receptors bind to ACh?
Nicotinic and muscarinic
Where are nicotinic receptors found? (concerning muscle)
Motor end plates of skeletal muscle cells
Where are nicotinic receptors found? (concerning neurons)
ALL ganglionic neurons, symp. and parasymp.
Where are nicotinic receptors found? (concerning hormone producing cells)
Cells of the adrenal medulla
IS the effect of ACh at nicotinic receptors stimulatory or inhibitory?
Stimulatory
Muscarinic receptors are found on all effectors cells stimulated by ____ganglionic ______ fibers
post; cholinergic
The effect of ACh at muscarinic receptors can be wither inhibitory or excitatory. True or false?
True
What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?
Alpha and Beta
Effects of __ depend on which subclass receptor predominates on the target organ
NE
Which drug blocks muscarinic receptors?
Atropine
Atropine is used to prevent what during surgery?
Salivation
Atropine is used to dilate the ____ for examination
pupils
The drug neostigmine inhibits ________ at motor end plates
AcetylcholinestERASE
What is neostigmine used to treat?
Myasthenia graves
Over the counter drugs for colds and allergies stimulate ______ receptors which result in smooth muscle constriction
Adrenergic
With beta drugs, beta-agonist are ______ and beta antagonists are _____
stimulators;blockers
Beta-1-agonists stimulate which muscles contraction?
Heart muscle
Beta-2-agonists are drugs the attach to receptors to _____ lung bronchioles in asthmatcis
Dilate
Do beta-2-agonists stimulate smooth muscle relaxation?
Yes
Beta-1-blocker block ____ contraction
heart
Beta-2-blocker blocks _____ muscle relaxation
smooth muscle
The ______ division controls blood pressure, even at rest
Sympathetic
_______ tone keeps the blood vessels in a continual state of partial constriction
Sympathetic
With sympathetic tone, sympathetic fibers fire more rabidly to _____ blood vessels and cause blood pressure to ____ or….. they can fire LESS rapidly, which prompts vessels to ______ which decreases blood ppressure
constrict and rise; dilate
Alpha-blocker drugs interfere with vasomotor fibers and are used to treat _______
Hypertension
Both branches of the ANS have cooperative effects. Parasympathetic fibers cause _______ (erection of penis or clioris), and then sympathetic fibers cause ______ of semen, and the reflect contraction of a female’s vagina
Vaslolidation; ejaculation
The sympathetic division controls thermoregulatory responses to heat. True or false?
True
Which ANS division is responsible for release of renin?
Sympathetic
Which ANS brach increases metabolic rates of cells, raises blood glucose levels, and mobilizes fats?
Sympathetic
The parasympathetic is short live and highly ______. The sympathetic division is long-lasting with _____ effects
localized; bodywide
What is responsible for the sympathetic division being long lasting?
NE
NE and ________ are released into the blood and remain there until destroyed by the liver
Epinephrine
Which structure of the brain is the main integration center for ANS activity?
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamic control of the ANS might be direct or indirect. True or false?
TRue
Centers of the hypothalamus control include heart activity and _____ _____. Body temperature, water balance, and _____ activity.
blood pressure; endocrine
Hypothalamus control includes the _____ ______ (rage, pleasure, hunger, thirst, sex)
Emotional stages
Reactions to fear is part of the ________ control center
Hypothalamus
