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MT-MLS105 (ANAPHY) > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Groups of cells with similar structure and function.

A

Tissues

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2
Q

What are the four types of tissues?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

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3
Q

This type of tissue is for covering because they can be found in dermis and surfaces of skin. It is also for protection and can be found in different linings of your internal organs.

A

Epithelium

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4
Q

This type of tissue is for support.

A

Connective

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5
Q

This type of tissue functions as control and is related to your brain.

A

Nervous

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6
Q

This type of tissue is for movement.

A

Muscle

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7
Q

This means study of tissue.

A

Histology

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8
Q

It is the process of removing tissue samples from patients.

A

Biopsy

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9
Q

Where can epithelial tissue can be found?

A

Body coverings (skin)
Body linings (cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems)
Glandular tissues (glands of the body)

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10
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue

A

Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion

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11
Q

What’s the plural form of epithelial tissue?

A

Epithelia

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12
Q

Composed of closely packed cells with little extracellular material between. (Special Characteristics of Epithelium)

A

Cellularity

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13
Q

Adjacent epithelial cells are bound together to form continuous sheets by specialized contacts such as desmosomes and tight junctions. (Special Characteristics of Epithelium)

A

Specialized contacts

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14
Q

Exhibits polarity by having an apical surface and a lower attached basal surface. (Special Characteristics of Epithelium)

A

Polarity

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15
Q

Supported by the underlying tissue (reticular lamina) containing collagen fibers. (Special Characteristics of Epithelium)

A

Supported by connective tissue

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16
Q

Nourished by substances diffusing from the blood vessels in the underlying connective tissue. (Special Characteristics of Epithelium)

A

Innervated but avascular

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17
Q

Replace lost cells rapidly by cell division. From the basal surface to upwards. (Special Characteristics of Epithelium)

A

Has a high regeneration capacity

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18
Q

These forms a watertight seal and prevent the material passing in between of the cells.

A

tight junctions

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19
Q

These form legs between cells and provide a connection between your intermediate filaments of your cytoskeletons of adjacent cells. It gives strengths to your tissues.

A

Desmosomes

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20
Q

Basal surfaces are connected or settled in the?

A

connective tissue

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21
Q

This means there is no vein therefore there’s no blood supply.

A

Avascular

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22
Q

Connective tissues are usually?

A

Vascular

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23
Q

Classification of Epithelium based on the Number of cell layers.

A

Simple - one layer
Stratified - more than one layer

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24
Q

Classification of Epithelium based on the shape of cells.

A

Squamous - flattened (hexagonal - allows for the closely packed appearance of your cells.)
Cuboidal - cube-shaped
Columnar - column-like

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25
Q

Concerned with absorption, secretion, and filtration.
Consist of a single layer and are usually very thin.

A

Simple Epithelium

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26
Q

What is not a specialty of simple epithelium?

A

Protection

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27
Q

Single layer of flat cells

A

Simple Squamous

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28
Q

Where can simple squamous be found?

A

Lines body cavities
Lines lungs and capillaries
Specifically in alveoli walls or air sacs

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29
Q

What is the function of simple squamous?

A

Allow passage of materials by diffusion and filtration

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30
Q

Single layer of cube-like cells
Common in glands and their ducts

A

Simple Cuboidal

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31
Q

Where is simple cuboidal can be found?

A

Forms walls of kidney tubules and ducts
Covers the ovaries

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32
Q

Function of simple cuboidal tissues?

A

Secretion and absorption

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33
Q

Single layer of tall cells
Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus

A

Simple Columnar

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34
Q

Where can simple columnar be found?

A

Stomach lining in general

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35
Q

Two types of simple columnar?

A

Non-ciliated and Ciliated

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36
Q

Non-ciliated columnar can be found in?

A

digestive tract, gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands

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37
Q

Ciliated columnar can be found in?

A

small bronchi, uterine tubes and some regions of the uterus

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38
Q

What is the purpose of cilia?

A

To propel mucus

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39
Q

What are the functions of simple columnar tissue?

A

absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action.

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40
Q

Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others. Often looks like a double layer

A

Pseudostratified Columnar

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41
Q

What does pseudo mean?

A

False

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42
Q

Where can non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar can be found?

A

male’s sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands

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43
Q

Where can ciliated pseudostratified columnar can be found?

A

line the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract

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44
Q

Contains two or more cell layers.
The main function is protection.

A

Stratified Epithelium

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45
Q

What does it mean when stratified epithelium regenerates from below?

A

The basal cells divide and push apically to replace the older surface cells.

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46
Q

Thick membrane composed of several cell layers.

A

Stratified Squamous

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47
Q

What does stratified squamous look like in basal cells vs surface cells?

A

Basal cells: cuboidal or columnar (metabolically active)
Surface cells: squamous

48
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous?

A

Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

49
Q

Where can keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue can be found?

A

epidermis of the skin; a dry membrane; impermeable to water

50
Q

Where can non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue can be found?

A

moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina; can be found in wet areas; permeable to water

51
Q

Rare tissue type. Mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands. Usually only double layer.

A

Stratified Cuboidal

52
Q

Where can stratified cuboidal can be specifically be found?

A

sweat glands and mammary glands

53
Q

Resemble both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal.

A

Transitional

54
Q

What does transitional look like in basal cells vs surface cells?

A

Basal cells: cuboidal or columnar
Surface cells: dome-shaped or squamous- like

55
Q

Where transitional tissue can be found?

A

Line the ureters, bladders and part of the urethra

56
Q

What is the function of transitional tissue?

A

Stretches readily and permits distension

57
Q

Normal epithelia — can be found in urine since this can be seen in the vagina and linings of the urinary tract. Usually found in females.

A

Clue cell

58
Q

The clue cells or epithelial cells of the vagina that get their distinctive stippled appearance by being covered by bacteria called?

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis

59
Q

Gardnerella Vaginalis can cause an infection in females called?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

60
Q

Abnormality or change in the appearance of the epithelia.

A

Celiac Disease or Celiac Sprue or Gluten-sensitive Enteropathy

61
Q

Some patients who have celiac disease are sensitive to what?

A

Gluten

62
Q

Gluten damages microvilli. Microvilli functions in absorption. When the gluten damages the microvilli, the stomach fails to?

A

absorb nutrients causing it to be damaged.

63
Q

Usually affects the breast milk duct (mammary glands). A type of stratified cuboidal epithelium tissue

A

Ductal Carcinoma

64
Q

Ductal Carcinoma are abnormal or cancer cells (usually benign) that lead to abnormal formation of cells found inside. Why is it usually benign?

A

Because these cells do not have yet the ability to break out the breast duct surrounding the breast tissue.

65
Q

Found everywhere in the body. Includes the most abundant and widely distributed primary tissues.

A

Connective Tissues

66
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

Binds body tissues together.
Supports the body.
Provides protection.

67
Q

Common origin of connective tissues.

A

Originated from mesenchyme (embryonic cells).

68
Q

Non-living material that surrounds living cells.

A

Extracellular Matrix

69
Q

Gel-like ground substance containing, Fibers (star-shaped mesenchymal cells). Primarily in embryo. Gives rise to all other connective tissue.

A

Embryonic

70
Q

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

Ground substance: extracellular matrix
Fibers: extracellular matrix
Cells

71
Q

Give rise to fibrocytes.
Give rise to connective tissue proper

A

Immature Cells (Fibroblasts)

72
Q

What are the tissues for Immature Cells (Fibroblasts)?

A
  1. Loose connective tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular)
  2. Dense connective tissue (regular, irregular, elastic)
73
Q

Immature form of chondrocytes. Give rise to cartilage.

A

Chondroblast

74
Q

What are the tissues for Chondroblast?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

75
Q

Immature form of osteocyte. Give rise to osseous (bone).

A

Osteoblast

76
Q

What are the tissues for Osteoblast?

A

Compact bone
Spongy (cancellous bone)

77
Q

Give rise to mature blood cells and macrophages. Give rise to blood (special connective tissue).

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

78
Q

In Hematopoietic Stem Cell, immature cells are usually in?

A

blast form.

79
Q

In Hematopoietic Stem Cell, mature cells are?

A

cytes (fibrocyte, chondrocyte, osteocyte, erythrocyte, mucosyte).

80
Q

Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some white blood cells.

A

Areolar Loose Connective Tissue

81
Q

Function of Areolar Loose Connective Tissue.

A

Wraps and cushions organs
Its macrophages phagocytize bacteria
Important role in inflammation
Holds and conveys tissue fluid

82
Q

Location of Areolar Loose Connective Tissue.

A

Widely distributed under epithelia of the body

83
Q

Matrix as in areolar but very sparse.
Closely packed adipocytes (fat cells).
Nucleus pushed to the side by the large fat droplet.

A

Adipose Loose Connective Tissue

84
Q

Function of Adipose Loose Connective Tissue.

A

Provides reserve food fuel
Insulates against heat loss
Supports and protects organs

85
Q

Location of Adipose Loose Connective Tissue.

A

Under skin, kidneys, and eyeballs
Within abdomen
Breasts

86
Q

Fat cell is also a source of?

A

Energy

87
Q

Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance.

A

Reticular Loose Connective Tissue

88
Q

Function of Reticular Loose Connective Tissue.

A

Fibers from internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types (WBC, mast cells and macrophages).

89
Q

Location of Reticular Loose Connective Tissue.

A

Spleen
Lymphoid organs (lymphocytes)

90
Q

One of the two subclasses of connective tissue proper.

A

Dense Connective Tissue

91
Q

This contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibers running in the same direction and makes up tendons and ligaments.

A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

92
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue is primarily parallel to?

A

collagen fibers

93
Q

What is the major cell type of Dense Regular Connective Tissue?

A

Fibroblast

94
Q

Function of Dense Regular Connective Tissue.

A

Attaches muscle to bones or to muscles
Attaches bones to bones
Withstand great tensile stress when pulling force is applied

95
Q

Location of Dense Regular Connective Tissue.

A

Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

96
Q

Contains thick bundles of collagen fibers arranged in an irregular fashion and is found in the dermis.
Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers. Some elastic fibers.

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

97
Q

Function of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue.

A

Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions
Provides structural strength

98
Q

Location of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue.

A

Dermis of the skin
Submucosa of digestive tract
Fibrous capsule of organs and of joints

99
Q

Composed of collagen and elastin fibers.

A

Elastic Dense Connective Tissue

100
Q

Function of Elastic Dense Connective Tissue.

A

Capable of stretching and recoiling with strength in the direction of the fiber orientation.

101
Q

Location of Elastic Dense Connective Tissue.

A

Dorsal aspect of the neck, vocal cords, and blood vessel walls.

102
Q

Stands up to both tension (stretching) and compression. Ground substance varies from a fluid to a viscous gel.

A

Cartilage

103
Q

Matrix contains an exceptional amount of tissue fluid - up to what percentage of water?

A

80% water

104
Q

Movement of tissue fluid in its matrix enables the cartilage to __________ after being compressed and also helps to __________ the cartilage cells.

A

rebound
nourish

105
Q

Most abundant cartilage.
Chondroblasts produce the matrix.

A

HYALINE (GRISTLE) CARTILAGE

106
Q

Where do chondrocytes in Hyalin cartilage can be found?

A

lacunae

107
Q

Function of HYALINE (GRISTLE) CARTILAGE.

A

Supports and reinforces
Has resilient cushioning properties
Resists comprehensive stress

108
Q

Location of HYALINE (GRISTLE) CARTILAGE.

A

Forms most of the embryonic skeleton
Covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities
Forms costal cartilage of the ribs
Cartilage of the nose
Trachea and larynx

109
Q

Most abundant cartilage similar to hyaline cartilage but more elastic fibers in matrix.

A

Elastic Cartilage

110
Q

Function of Elastic Cartilage.

A

Provides elasticity
Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility.

111
Q

Location of Elastic Cartilage.

A

External ear (pinna)
Epiglottis

112
Q

Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage: thick collagen fibers predominate.

A

Fibrocartilage

113
Q

Function of Fibrocartilage.

A

Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock

114
Q

Location of Fibrocartilage.

A

Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Discs of knee joint

115
Q

Cartilages heal slowly when injured. Why?

A

They are avascular, contain small amounts of blood vessels, so they receive a small amount of blood supply.

MT-MLS105 (ANAPHY) (15 decks)

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