Organization of the Body Flashcards
Structure of the body. Scientific discipline that investigates the structures of the body.
Anatomy
Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things.
Physiology
Study of the processes that disturb normal function.
Pathophysiology
“Patho” means?
Suffering or Disease
Questions asked in pathophysiology.
What is it before progressive complications?
What are the causes that produce abnormal conditions?
simplest level since we started from atoms and when bonded we form molecules, molecules then form cells, groups of cells then form tissues, tissues form the organs of the body, organs then constitute the organ system that compromises the organism.
Atom (Chemical Level)
Basic structural and functional units of plants and animals.
Cell
Its characteristic depends on the function.
Tissue
Composed of different types of tissues to perform specific functions.
Organ
Group of related organs that together perform common function.
Organ System
Any living thing considered as a whole.
Organism
Specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions.
Organization
All chemical reactions taking place in an organism. Can also be in a cell.
Metabolism
Example of Metabolism is Glycolysis. What process happens there?
glucose breakdown; to have synthesis of ATP.
Ability of the organism to sense changes in its external or internal environment and adjust to those changes.
Responsiveness
Increase in the size or number of cells, which produces an overall enlargement of all or part of an organism.
Growth
formation;growth
Plasia
cell size
Trophy
For growth to occur, the ________ process must occur at a faster rate than the ________ process.
anabolic - formation
catabolic - breakdown
Changes an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death
Development
changes in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized.
Differentiation
change in the shape of tissues, organs, and the entire organism.
Morphogenesis
Formation of new cells or new organisms.
Reproduction
Compromised of hair, skin, nails.
Integumentary System
Body’s outer layer or covering.
Serve as the first line of defense against any kind of bacteria and protection against sunlight.
Skin and Glands
Functions of skin and glands.
Protection
Regulates temperature
Prevents water loss
Helps produce vitamin D
Largest and heaviest organ in the body.
Skin
upper; waterproof barrier of the skin
Epidermis
middle of the skin; compromised with sweat glands (secretion of sweat), sebaceous glands (secretion of oil and hair follicles).
Dermis
bottom layer of the skin; consist of adipose tissues (fatty layer), responsible for insulation which gives the characteristic of being adaptive.
Hypodermis
skin of rear nail plate.
Nail bed
thin skin of base nail plate.
Cuticle
root of the nail.
Matrix
white moon-shaped below nail plate.
Lunula
Keeps the body warm.
Hair
Eyelashes does what?
Protects the eye from dirt and water.
Composed of the bones, joints, ligaments and cartilages.
Skeletal System
Functions of Skeletal System.
Protection and support
Allows body movement
Produce blood cells (bone marrow — site of hematopoiesis)
Stores minerals and fats
Connect bone to bone.
Ligaments
Connect bone to muscle or vice versa.
Tendons
Responsible for shock absorption.
Cartilages
Responsible for the overall foundation of the body.
Bones
Composed of the cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscular systems.
Muscular System
Functions of Muscular System.
Produce body movements
Maintains posture
Produces body heat
When nerve cells produce signals to your muscles to move, every movement the muscles undergo produces?
Heat
Functions of Lymphatic System.
Removes foreign substance from the blood and lymph
Combats disease
Maintains tissue fluid balance
Absorbs fats from the digestive tract
Responsible for t-cell production.
Thymus
Filter bacteria that enter the nose and mouth, specifically when inhaling toxins or ingesting microorganisms.
Tonsils
For damage RBC removal.
Spleen
Largest lymphatic organ.
Thoracic Duct
Consist of nose, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea, and lung.
Respiratory System
voice box
Larynx
throat that serves both respiratory and digestive systems, serves as air passage.
Pharynx
“windpipe”
Trachea
directing the air to the right and left lung, two large tubes directing air from trachea to lungs.
Bronchi
small tubules.
Bronchioles