Digestive System Flashcards
A tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
Also known as Gastrointestinal tract.
Digestive Alimentary Tract
These organs are primarily glands that secrete fluids into the digestive tract
Accessory Organs
Digestive Alimentary Tract consists of:
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large intestine
Anus
Accessory Organs consists of:
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
The study of digestive tract and diagnosis and treatment of its disease is called?
gastroenterology
Intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach. The normal route of ingestion is through the oral cavity.
Ingestion
Is the process in which the teeth chew food in the mouth. This is the start of mechanical digestion in the process of digestion.
Mastication
The movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other.
Propulsion
The total time it takes for the food to travel, the whole length of digestive tract is?
24 to 36 hours
Also known as deglutition, which is the movement of liquids or the soft mass of food and liquid called the bolus (mixture of masticated food and digestive/salivary enzymes). From the oral cavity to the esophagus, usually done voluntarily.
Swallowing
Muscular contractions that propels materials to the most of the digestive tract. Could also be called peristaltic waves since it is the movement that causes Peristalsis. They are muscular contractions that consist of waves of relaxation, the circular muscles in front of the bolus followed by a wave of strong contractions of circular muscle behind the bolus (left part of the picture).
Peristalsis
Contraction that moves particles in some parts of the large intestine to the anus.
Mass movements
Some contractions do not propel food from one end of the digestive tract to the other, but rather move it back and forth within the digestive tract to mix it with digestive secretions and help it break to smaller pieces.
Mixing
As food moves through the digestive tract _____________ are added to help it lubricate, liquify, buffer, and digest the food.
secretions
There is secretion called _____________ that is secreted all throughout the digestive tract and its function is to lubricate the food and lining of the tract. It also has the function to protect the epithelial cells of the digestive tract from mechanical abrasion caused by food, stomach acid, and digestive enzymes.
mucus or mucin
The breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts.
Digestion
____________________ involves the mastication and mixing of food by your peristaltic movements or waves
Mechanical Digestion
______________ accomplished by digestive enzymes secreted along the digestive tract.
Chemical Digestion
Movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the blood or the lymphatic system.
Absorption
Process in which the waste products of digestion are removed from the body.
Elimination
Innermost layer. Secretion of mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones; Absorption of end products into the blood; Protection against infectious diseases.
Mucosa
Mucosa Consists of 3 layers of its own, what are they?
1st: Loose Connective Tissue (Lamina Propia)
2nd: Thin layer of Smooth Muscle (Muscularis Mucosae)
3rd: Inner layer of Epithelium
Thicker layer of connective tissue. Contains glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. The blood vessels absorb and transport nutrients and some elastic fibers help maintain the shape of each organ.
Submucosa
This layer of digestive system Regularly contracts and relaxes to propel food.
Muscularis or Muscularis Externa
Desegmentation and peristalsis of digested food along the tract are regulated by?
myenteric nerve plexus
Muscularis or Muscularis Externa Consists of 2 layers of ________________. An inner layer that circles the tract and outer layer that runs longitudinally.
smooth muscle
Outermost layer. Covers the portion of the digestive tract within the peritoneal cavity. It reduces the friction as the digestive system organs slide across one another.
Serosa
__________ is a layer of visceral peritoneum that suspends the digestive organs within the abdominal cavity while also anchoring them loosely to the abdominal walls.
Mesentery
Usually, the peritoneal cavity contains spaces so incase of trauma or accidents these empty spaces may be filled with fluid. This accumulated fluid is called?
ascites
The oral or buccal cavity. It is surrounded by lips and boarded on each side by the cheeks. Entryway to the digestive tract and where digestion begins.
Mouth
[Part of the mouth]
Muscular structures formed by the orbicularis oris muscle and connective tissue. Protects the anterior opening of the oral cavity.
Lips
[Part of the mouth] Forms the floor of the mouth.
Reposition the food in the mouth during chewing.
Tongue
Tongue contains taste buds within projections called _______________. The skeletal muscles are covered by a mucus membrane.
lingual papillae
[Part of the mouth] Formed by portions of the maxillae and palatine bones. The one that separates the mouth from the nasal cavity.
Hard Palate
[Part of the mouth] Consists mostly of skeletal muscles. Forms an arch between the mouth and nasopharynx.
Soft Palate
[Part of the mouth] Anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth. Line below your tongue. Fold of mucous membrane and itv consists of numerous superficial blood vessels that populate the floor of the mouth.
Lingual Frenulum
[Part of the mouth] Cone-shaped process. Hangs downward from the soft palate. Finger-like projection of the soft palate extends inferiorly from its posterior margin. Extension, projection of your small palate.
Uvula
Designed to cut, tear, or grind the food.
Teeth
The adult mouth contains __ permanent or secondary teeth.
32
2 Dental Arches
Maxillary arch and Mandibular Arch
These teeth usually appear at the beginning of age 6 months and they usually emerge up until 2 and half years. At the age of 6 and __ years old they are shedded by your body and replaced by permanent teeth.
13
This teeth Have sharp edges for cutting food. Chiseled shape and exert a shearing action used in biting.
Incisors (4)
This teeth is Designed to tear food. Coned shape.
Canine teeth (2)
This teeth Have large, flat surfaces for crushing or grinding.
Premolars (4) and molars (6)
Premolar have ________ or grinding surfaces.
2 cusps
Molars have ____________ with rounded cusps specialized for fine grounding of food.
broad crowns
Third molar is what we call ____________ since they usually appear in the late twenties or teens when the person is old enough to acquire some wisdom.
wisdom teeth
Three divisions of teeth
Crown, Neck, and Root
Portion of the tooth above the ground. Visible portion of teeth.
Crown
Covers the majority surface of the crown. Consist of 95% to 97% of inorganic calcium salt.
Enamel
Yellowish tissue and composes the pulp of the tooth. Bone leg material interior to the enamel cement. Inside the crown. We have this called odontoblast which are specialized cells that produce and maintain ________.
Dentin
The one that surrounds dentin. Contains connective tissues, blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves which is also known as pulp. This is where odontoblasts came from or originates.
Pulp Cavity
Boundary between root and crown. Connection you can see between the teeth and gums.
Neck
Usually not visible. Embedded portion of the tooth in the bone.
Root
Holds the tooth in the tooth sucketh and exerts a cushioning effect.
Periodontal ligament
The one that cements or attaches the tooth into periodontal ligament. Also the one that lines the root of the tooth. Covers the root.
Cementum
Secrete saliva. Moistens the mouth and lubricates and protects the teeth.
Salivary Glands
Moisten food and transform it into a mass called a?
bolus
Salivary glands secrete about _______ of saliva daily.
1 liter
breaks down starch
Amylase
begins the digestion of fat
Lipase
Lie just underneath the skin anterior to the ear. Empties over the second upper molar to the parotid duct.
Parotid Gland
