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MT-MLS105 (ANAPHY) > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of Skin, Hair, Nails, and 2 types of Glands. Your skin forms the boundary between your body and the external environment.

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

______ is the first line of defense.

A

Skin

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3
Q

Functions of Integumentary System.

A

Protection
Sensation
Temperature Regulation
Vitamin D production

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4
Q

What are the organs that regulates temperature?

A

hypodermis which is made up of adipose tissue; we also have glands and pores that secrete fluid to cool down

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5
Q

How is Vitamin D being produce?

A

aside from melanin, exposing yourself to sunlight allows your skin to produce this vitamin

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6
Q

Why is Skin the largest organ of the body?

A

It covers the entire surface of the body.

Weight: 6 to 8 pounds Surface Area: 20 square feet

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7
Q

Thin outer layer part of skin. Mainly to resists abrasion of the skin surface and to prevent water loss of skin coming from dermis layer.

A

Epidermis

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8
Q

Structure of Epidermis

A

Keratinized Stratified Squamous

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9
Q

The middle layer of skin.

A

Dermis

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10
Q

Structure of Dermis

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

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11
Q

Why is Dermis’ structure like that?

A

The structure is like that because in different directions it can extend the pressure. If it is pinched or stretched it can go back to its original shape.

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12
Q

Fatty Layer consists of loose connective tissue.

A

Hypodermis

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13
Q

Structure of Hypodermis

A

Adipose Tissue

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14
Q

In other references, hypodermis is not being considered as part of the skin/integumentary because its main function is?

A

to connect your dermis to the muscle.

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15
Q

The outer layer varies on the type of skin. What are these types?

A

Thick Skin - part kung saan tayo nagkakaroon ng kalyo (like palms and soles)

Thin Skin - located all over your body

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16
Q

Epidermis is the one that receives nutrients and excretes waste products by?

A

diffusion

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17
Q

We don’t produce nutrients in the epidermis because it is?

A

avascular

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18
Q

mainly located in the outer layer of the skin; produces keratin that’s why skin is more durable

A

Keratinocytes

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19
Q

Keratinocytes also gives the ___________ of epidermis which is resistant to abrasion and prevention of water loss.

A

main function

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20
Q

Responsible for skin color, the one that’s producing melanin.

A

Melanocytes

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21
Q

Immune cells; Part of white blood cells, it’s a macrophage.

A

Langerhans Cell

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22
Q

___________ is a type of a white blood cell; Inside the blood vessel it is still called _________ now if it goes out from the blood vessel to the tissue it is now called a macrophage.

A

monocyte

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23
Q

They are specialized epidermal cells that are associated with nerve endings.

A

Merkel Cell

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24
Q

Merkel Cell are responsible for sensation such as?

A

detecting light touch and superficial pressure.

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25
Q

A process where the cytoplasm of the outermost of cells are replaced with keratin.

A

Keratinization or “cornification”

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26
Q

The different layers of epidermis change as they go up. Therefore as they go up they change structure ____________.

A

Chemically

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27
Q

From normal cells or normal cytoplasm they get replaced with _________.

A

keratin

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28
Q

Examples of keratinization

A

feathers, hair, claws, nails, and horns

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29
Q

One individual sheds?

A

1 pound of skin

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30
Q

Example if we get sweaty and we rub our skin it will shed. Those are the dead layer or the __________.

A

Keratinocytes

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31
Q

This is the visible one, the outer layer.

A

Stratum Corneum

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32
Q

The color White part in the picture.

A

Stratum Lucidum

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33
Q

Part where it has granules.

A

Startum Granulosum

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34
Q

Second to the most inner layer.

A

Stratum Spinosum

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35
Q

Lowest Part or Deepest layer

A

Stratum Basale

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36
Q

5 layers for thick skin while 4 layers for thin skin. In thin Skin ___________ is not present.

A

Stratum Lucidum

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37
Q

Stratum Basale contains basal cells. What shape are they?

A

Cuboidal or Columnar

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38
Q

Stratum Basale contains _______ that produces Melanin.

A

Melanocytes

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39
Q

Stratum Basale also contains _________________ that is responsible for sensation.

A

Merkel cells or “Merkel-Ranvier Cells”

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40
Q

In other reference, Stratum Basale is also known as ___________________.

A

Stratum Germinativum

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41
Q

The cells in our Stratum Basale are highly __________ so they undergo mitosis. They are responsible for producing new skin cells to replace the one at the top.

A

mitotic

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42
Q

In Stratum Basale, approximately every _______, it undergoes mitotic division.

A

19 days

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43
Q

Stratum Basale’s cell usually takes _____________ before it could reach the epidermis surface and before they could slab off.

A

40 to 56 days

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44
Q

Stratum Spinosum contains ___________ layers of many sided cells.

A

8 to 10

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45
Q

Resides above basal layer. Multilayer of distorted “spined” cells or torn like

A

Stratum Spinosum

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46
Q

What are the cells in Stratum Spinosum?

A

Keratinocytes and Langerhans Cells

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47
Q

Structure of Stratum Spinosum.

A

They are from Stratum Basale that was pushed upward that’s why usually their surface flattens and their desmosomes almost break apart

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48
Q

Why is Stratum Granulosum a little darker?

A

Because of protein granule

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49
Q

This is where the name Granulosum came from.

A

Granular layer

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50
Q

Keratinocytes from the spinosum migrate to form what in Stratum Granulosum?

A

protein granules

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51
Q

Other term for protein granules.

A

Little gray

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52
Q

In the upper part of this area where you could see the nucleus is flat it means that these cells are already?

A

dead cells

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53
Q

How many layers for Stratum Granulosum?

A

2 to 5 layers

54
Q

A translucent layer that could be only seen in the thick skin.

A

Stratum Lucidum

55
Q

Lucid means?

A

Clear

56
Q

In Stratum Lucidum, Keratinocytes are filled with?

A

ELEIDIN (intermediate form)

57
Q

Eleiden forms when the cells get pushed from Stratum Granulosum to this area then it will be filled with?

A

keratin

58
Q

How many layers for Stratum Corneum?

A

25 or more layers of Dead Keratinized tissue (Corneocytes)

59
Q

It depends on the type of skin how _______ Stratum Corneum is.

A

thick

60
Q

Stratum Corneum is the one that __________ (pag naghihilod or nagkakamot) and the on in contact with skin.

A

slabs off

61
Q

Stratum Corneum has a mixture of ______ and ______ keratin.

A

hard and soft

62
Q

What skin type is this? Basement Membrane is directly in contact with stratum basale, the next is stratum spinosum, then next is stratum granulosum, then the outer layer which is stratum corneum.

A

Thin Skin

63
Q

Thin Skin’s Stratum Corneum isn’t that?

A

thick

64
Q

Majority of the body. Contains your?

A

hair follicles
sebaceous glands
sweat glands

65
Q

The thickness of Stratum Corneum affects the color of skin; this is why Thin Skin is _________ since the Stratum Corneum can’t cover the other layer

A

darker

66
Q

Stratum Corneum is thicker. 5 layers. Hairless.

A

Thick Skin

67
Q

Where is Thick Skin Located?

A

Palms and Soles

68
Q

The thickness of Stratum Corneum affects the color of skin this is why Thick Skin is _________ and _________ since the Stratum Corneum can cover the other layers.

A

whiter and lighter

69
Q

Thickest layer of the skin (varies from region to region of the body)

A

Dermis

70
Q

What type of tissue is Dermis?

A

Dense collagenous connective tissue (irregular)

71
Q

Dermis contains?

A

Nerves
hair follicles
smooth muscles
glands
lymphatic vessels

72
Q

Dermis’ cells

A

Fibroblasts - connective tissue
Macrophages
Mast Cells
WBCs

73
Q

This fiber type strengthens your tissue

A

Collagen

74
Q

This fiber type has elasticity

A

Elastic

75
Q

This fiber type is responsible for binding the collagen and elastic

A

Reticular

76
Q

Dermis stores much of the body’s supply of?

A

Water

77
Q

Dermis supplies nutrients to the?

A

epidermis

78
Q

Dermis regulates?

A

Body Temperature

79
Q

Projections on the upper part of dermis which extend toward the dermis

A

Dermal papillae

80
Q

Dermal Papillae contain many?

A

Blood vessels

81
Q

Dermal Papillae can improve ______.

A

grip

82
Q

Dermal Papillae forms _____________ and ___________ in the palm and sole (ridges)

A

fingerprints and footprints

83
Q

Regulates body temperature. Supplies epidermis with nutrient-filled blood.

A

Papillary Layer

84
Q

Structure of Papillary Layer

A

Loose Connective Tissue

85
Q

Provides structure and elasticity. Supports components of skin. Accessory structures can be found here.

A

Reticular Layer

86
Q

Structure of Reticular Layer

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

87
Q

Medical Term of Stretch Marks

A

Striae

88
Q

Also known as “Subcutaneous layer”. Network of fat (adipose) and collagen.

A

Hypodermis

89
Q

What type of tissue is Hypodermis?

A

(areolar) Loose Connective Tissue

90
Q

Functions of Hypodermis

A

Shock-absorber for body
Insulator
Stores fat as energy reserve

91
Q

Everywhere in the skin except in the thick skin. Obtained color because of melanin with a mixture of keratin.

A

Hair

92
Q

This type hair does not project beyond the hair follicles. It is Short and narrow, can be found in the surface.

A

Vellus

93
Q

Where can Vellus be found?

A

Fingers

94
Q

This type of hari is longer and deep within the hair valve. Thicker and heavily pigmented.

A

Terminal

95
Q

Where can Terminal be found?

A

Underarm air
pubic area
beard

96
Q

Concentric Layers of the Hair

A

Inner Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle (outermost)

97
Q

Cuticle is covered by?

A

hard keratin

98
Q

Bleaching removes the _______ and _______ in the cortex.

A

melanin and keratin

99
Q

Hair bulb is directly attached to the?

A

dermis

100
Q

smooth muscle

A

Arrector Pili Muscle

101
Q

How to find Arrector Pili Muscle?

A

Always look for the hair root

102
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle react with?

A

cold temperature and emotions (fear) - arrector pili contracts

“Goose Flesh”

103
Q

Homologous to Stratum Corneum (epidermis). Has different minerals such as calcium.

A

Nails

104
Q

Inside the nails is?

A

Nail Matrix

105
Q

In other books, the other term for this is cuticle. Alive Cells (prominent nucleus and cells).

A

Eponychium

106
Q

_________ the cuticle is eponychium

A

After

107
Q

Nails grows at an average rate of ____________ a day

A

0.5 - 1.2 mm

108
Q

Nails grow faster on our dominant hand because?

A

it serves as a protection mechanism of our body

109
Q

Sebocytes. Flower in shape.

A

Sebaceous Glands

110
Q

secretion of lipids / sebum oils

A

SEBUM

111
Q

Vagina has _______ that maintains the acidic pH.

A

lactobacili

112
Q

Infection on Skin

A

Staphylococcus aureus

113
Q

In contact with normal flora =

A

body secretion can have odor

114
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat Glands

115
Q

How many sweat glands in adult?

A

3 - 4 millions sweat glands

116
Q

Majority of our sweat glands

A

Eccrine / Merocrine

117
Q

Secretion of Eccrine / Merocrine

A

Isotonic fluid with salt

118
Q

Genitals, armpits; Odorless unless contacted with normal flora

A

Apocrine

119
Q

Secretion for Apocrine

A

3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (Short chained fatty acid)

120
Q

Modified eccrine glands located in the external auditory canal

A

Ceruminous Glands

121
Q

Cerumen or commonly known as?

A

earwax

122
Q

Present in the breast
Modified Apocrine glands
Produce milk

A

Mammary Gland

123
Q

What function is this?
Protects our body from infection
Macrophage

A

Protection - acidic pH

124
Q

Raise or Lower temperature
Sweating / produce secretion - part of cooldown

A

Thermoregulation

125
Q

Who are the responsible for thermoregulation?

A

adipose tissue and blood vessel

126
Q

Changes in temperature
Light touch and pressure
Millions of sensory nerve fibers

A

Sensory perception

127
Q

Sweat Glands, sebum - excretion in our pores

A

Excretion

128
Q

Mainly because of the sunlight

A

Vitamin D production

129
Q

Function of Vitamin D production

A

Hormone rather than a vitamin

Required to absorb the calcium in the gut to the bloodstream

130
Q

Functions of the Integumentary System that Declines with Age

A

Flattening of the dermal - epidermal junction

Decreased sensitivity - pain perception

Uneven pigmentation

Wrinkled Skin

Dry Skin - atrophy of sebaceous glands

MT-MLS105 (ANAPHY) (15 decks)

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