Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells that usually have a common origin in an embryo and function together to carry out specialized activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 Types of Tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are cell junctions?

A

Contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tight junction

A

fuse together the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes to seal off passageways between adjacent cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adherens junction

A

contains plaque, a dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a cadherin?

A

Transmembrane glycoprotein that join cells by inserting into plaque of adjacent cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Desmosomes

A

contain plaque and have transmembrane glycoproteins (cad- herins) that extend into the intercellular space between adjacent cell membranes and attach cells to one another; does NOT attach to microfilaments but intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

resemble desmosomes, but they do not link adjacent cells; anchor cells to the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Integrin

A

transmembrane glycoproteins in hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gap Junctions

A

membrane proteins called connexins form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons that connect neighboring cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of desmosomes

A

prevent epidermal cells from separating under tension and cardiac muscle cells from pulling apart during contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of adherens

A

Help epithelial surfaces resist separation during various contractile activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of gap junctions

A

transfer of nutrients and wastes, communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 Differences bw Epithelial and Connective tissues

A

(1) number of cells in relation to ECM (2) epithelial has no blood vessels (3) epithelial almost always surface layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is epithelial tissue made of?

A

cells arranged in continuous sheets, in either single or multiple layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of epithelium

A

protects, secretes (mucus, hormones, and enzymes), absorbs (nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract), and excretes (various substances in the urinary tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Basal lamina

A

layer of basement membrane closer to epithelial cell; adhere to integrins in hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reticular lamina

A

layer of basement layer closer to underlying connective tissue; anchors to connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(T/F) Epithelial tissue has a high rate of cell division

A

True. It undergoes much mechanical stress so it need it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 Types of epithelial tissue

A

covering and lining and glandular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Simple epithelium

A

a single layer of cells that functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

apical surface may contain cilia; others (goblet cells) secrete mucus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Squamous cells

A

thin, which allows for the
rapid passage of substances through them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Columnar cells
protect underlying tissues. Their apical surfaces may have cilia or microvilli, and they often are specialized for secretion and absorption.
26
Cuboidal cells
may have microvilli at their apical sur- face and function in either secretion or absorption.
27
Transitional cells
change shape, from squamous to cuboidal and back, as organs such as the urinary bladder stretch
28
2 Types of simple squamous epithelium
endothelium- lines heart, blood and lymph vessels mesothelium- serous membranes
29
Which cell types have cilia/microvilli?
cuboidal and columnar
30
Where is covering and lining epithelium located?
Skin, some internal organs, inner lining of blood vessels, ducts, and body cavities, and the interior of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
31
2 Types of stratified squamous epithelium
keratinized and non-keratinized
32
Endocrine glands
secrete hormones, no ducts, directly into bloodstream
33
Exocrine glands
secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the surface of a covering and lining epithelium
34
Examples of multicellular glands
sudoriferous (sweat), sebaceous (oil), and salivary glands.
35
Unicellular gland
goblet cells
36
Simple gland
duct does not branch
37
Compound gland
duct branches
38
Tubular glands
Glands with tubular secretory parts
39
Acinar glands
rounded secretory portions
40
Tubuloacinar glands
both tubular and more rounded secretory parts.
41
Classifying characteristics of multicellular glands
branched/unbranched ducts and tubular/round secretory parts
42
Merocrine glands
secretions are released from the cell in secretory vesicles via exocytosis eg. salivary
43
Apocrine glands
apical portion of the cell pinches off by exocytosis from the rest of the cell to release the secretion eg. mammary glands
44
Functional classification of exocrine glands
merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine
45
Holocrine glands
secretory cell matures, it ruptures and becomes the secretory product eg. sebaceous
46
Functions of connective tissue
Supports body tissues, protects and insulates organs, compartmentalizes body structures, transport, energy storage, immune response
47
Components of ECM
consists of protein fibers and ground substance
48
6 Types of connective tissue cells
Fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes, leukocytes
49
What is ground substance and its purpose?
component of a connective tissue between the cells and fibers; supports cells, binds them together, stores water, and provides a medium for exchange of substances between the blood and cells
50
What are fibroblasts?
large, flat cells with branching processes, present in all the general connective tissues, most numerous
51
Hyaluronic acid
type of ground substance; viscous, slippery substance that binds cells together, lubricates joints, and helps maintain the shape of the eyeballs;
52
3 Types of fibers of connective tissue
collagen, elastic, and reticular
53
Collagen fibers
very strong and resist pulling or stretching, but they are not stiff, which allows tissue flexibility
54
Elastic fibers
branch and join together to form a fibrous network within a connective tissue; strength and stability
55
Reticular fibers
collagen arranged in fine bundles with a coating of glycoprotein, provide support in the walls of blood vessels and form a network around the cells in some tissues; produced by fibroblasts
56
What is the stroma?
support framework of many soft organs, composed of many reticular fibers
57
2 Types of Embryonic connective tissue
Mesenchyme and mucoid
58
2 Types of mature connective tissue
loose and dense
59
3 types of loose connective tissue
areolar, adipose, and reticular
60
2 Types of dense connective tissue
cartilage and bone
61
3 types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibro
62
2 Types of liquid connective tissue
Blood and lymph
63
Connective tissue proper
flexible and has a viscous ground substance with abundant fibers; loose and dense
64
Interstitial growth of cartilage
chondrocytes divide and produce more ECM, cartilage expands as more matrix is made
65
Appositional growth of cartilage
cells in perichondrium differentiate to become chondrocytes, matrix accumulates around chondrocytes under the perichondrium on the outer surface
66
4 Parts of an osteon
lamallae, lacunae, canaliculi, and central canal (haversian canal)
67
Basic unit of compact bone
osteon
68
Lamallae
concentric rings of extracellular matrix that consist of mineral salts which give bone its hardness
69
Lacunae
small spaces between lamellae that contain mature bone cells called osteocytes.
70
Canaliculi
networks of minute canals containing the processes of osteocytes, provide routes for nutrients to reach osteocytes and for wastes to leave them
71
Havarian canal
part of an osteon, contains blood vessels and nerves
72
Trabeculae of spongy bone
columns of bone that contain lamellae, osteocytes, lacunae, and canaliculi, spaces between are filled with red bone marrow
73
Blood plasma
pale yellow fluid that consists mostly of water with a wide variety of dissolved substances
74
3 Formed elements of blood
RBC, WBC, and platlets
75
What is a membrane?
flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover or line a part of the body
76
What do mucous membranes line?
body cavity that opens directly to the exterior
77
Lamina propria
areolar connective tissue of a mucous membrane that supports the epithelium, binds it to the underlying structures, allows some flexibility of the membrane, and affords some protection for underlying structures
78
nvm
you doin great
79
What does a serous membrane line?
body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior (thoracic or abdominal cavities), and it covers the organs that are within the cavity
80
2 Layers of a serous membrane
Parietal (cavity) and visceral (organ)
81
Skeletal muscle
striated, voluntary, attached to bone or tendon; motion, posture, heat, protection
82
Cardiac muscle
striated, intercalated discs (contains desmosomes and gap junctions), involuntary
83
Smooth muscle
Nonstriated, involuntary, single centrally located nucleus; iris, walls of hollow internal structures; constriction of vessels, move food through GI, contraction of bladder and gall bladder

A&P (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions