Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What do the pectoral girdles consist of and what do they articulate with?
clavicle with manubrium and scapula with clavicle
What is the acromion?
flattened, expanded process of the lateral end of the spine of the scapula (ridge diagonally across the posterior surface); forms the arcomioclavicular joint with clavicle
30 Bones of the upper limb
humerus, ulna and radius, 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges
Greater tubercle of the humerus
lateral projection distal to the anatomical neck of the humerus
Lesser tubercle
anterior projection distal to the anatomical neck of the humerus
Deltoid tuberosity
attachment point for tendons of the deltoid muscle to the humerus
Trochlea
surface on humerus that articulates with ulna
Coronoid fossa
depression on humerus that receives the coronoid process of ulna when forearm is flexed
Olecranon fossa
depression on the humerus that receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended
Medial and lateral epicondyle of the humerus
projections on the humerus to which most tendons of the forearm attach
T/F The radius is longer than that ulna
False
What forms the elbow join?
the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
List the carpals
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Which is the largest carpal bone?
capitate
Mnemonic for carpal bones
stop, letting, those, people, touch, the cadaver’s, hand; lateral to medial
How many phalanx do each digit have?
thumb-2, II-V- 3
What forms the bony pelvis?
hip bones, pubic symphysis, sacrum, and coccyx
What is the pelvic girdle composed of?
2 hip bones (coxal) or pelvic bones (os coxa)
What is the pubic symphysis?
joint where the hip bones unite, consists of a disc of fibrocartilage
What is the acetabulum?
deep fossa formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis, socket for the head of the femur
Ischial tuberosity
prominent tuberosity of ischium, hurts when you sit on hard surface too long
Pectineal line
on pubis, joins with the arcuate line of the ilium,
What is the pelvic brim?
divides the bony pelvis into superior and inferior portions, forms the inlet into the pelvic cavity from the abdomen
What organs does the false pelvis contain?
superior portion of bladder, lower intestines, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes
What body structures does the true pelvis contain?
rectum, bladder, vagina, cervix, prostate
Pelvic inlet
superior opening of the true pelvis bordered by the pelvic brim
Pelvic outlet
inferior opening of the true pelvis, covered by the muscle at the floor of the pelvis
What is the pelvic axis?
route da baby takes through the pelvis; imaginary line that curves through the true pelvis from the center point of the plane of the pelvic inlet to the central point of the plane of the pelvic outlet
Difference between male and female pelvises
female is wider and shallower
30 Bones in the lower limb
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges
What are the greater and lesser trochanters?
projections form the junction of the neck of the femur and the shaft, attachment point for tendons of thigh and butt
Linea aspera
vertical ridge on femur, attachment point for thigh muscles
What structures on the distal end of the femur articulate with the tibia?
medial and lateral condyles
Intercondylar fossa
depression between medial and lateral condyles of the femur
What forms the knee joint?
medial and lateral condyles of the femur and tibia
Which structures on the tibia and fibula articulates with the talus bone?
medial malleolus of tibia and lateral malleolus of fibula
What structures does the patella articulate with?
lateral and medial condyles of the femur
List the tarsal bones
talus, calcaneus, navicular, 1st 2nd and 3rd cuneiform, cuboid
Mnemonic for tarsals
tall, centers, never, take, shots, from, corners
How many phalanges does the big toe have?
2 large, heavy ones
3 Functions of the foot arch
enable foot to support body weight, provide an ideal distribution of body weight over soft and hard tissues, and provide leverage while walking
Which bones from the transverse arch?
navicular, 3 cuneiform, and the bases of the 4 metatarsals
Longitudinal arch
arch from the anterior to posterior part of the foot