Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > Spinal Cord and Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Epidural space

A

between dura mater and wall of the vertebral canal; contains fat and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dura mater

A

thick strong layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue; continuous with the outer covering of spinal and cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

thin, avascular layer composed of loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Subdural space

A

between the dura and arachnoid mater, contains ISF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pia mater

A

thin, transparent layer composed of thin squamous to cuboidal cells with interlacing bundles of collagen and elastic; many blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dentriculate ligaments

A

membranous extensions of the pia mater that suspend the SC in the middle of its dura sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

between the arachnoid and pia maters; contain CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which vertebrae are included in the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which vertebrae are included in the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which vertebrae are included in the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which vertebrae are included in the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the cervical enlargement and where do its nerves go?

A

C4 to T1; nerves to and from the upper limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the lumbar enlargement and where do its nerves go?

A

T9 to T12; nerves to and from lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conus medullaris

A

conical structure inferior to the lumbar enlargement (ends between L1 and L2) where the SC terminates as a tapering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Filum terminale

A

arises from the conus mudullaris, an extension of the pia mater, anchors SC to coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many cervical nerves are there?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Roots

A

two bundles of axons, connect each spinal nerve to a segment of the cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rootlets

A

smaller bundles of axons than roots, connect spinal nerve to SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Posterior (dorsal) root

A

contain only sensory axons, conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles, and internal organs into the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Posterior (dorsal) root ganglion

A

contains the cell bodies of sensory neruons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anterior (ventral) root

A

contains axons of motor neurons, conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cuada equina

A

roots of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions of the SC that angle inferiorly alongside the filum terminale like wisps of hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What grooves divide the the white matter of the SC?

A

anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does grey matter consist of?

A

dendrites and cell bodies of neurons, unmyelinated axons, and neroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Gray commissure
forms the crossbar of the H (SC gray matter)
26
Central canal of SC
in the center of the gray commissure, filled with CSF
27
Anterior (ventral) white commissure
connects the white matter of the right and left sides of the SC
28
Nulcei
functional group formed by clusters of neuronal cell bodies
29
Posterior (dorsal) gray horns
contain axons of incoming sensory neurons
30
Anterior (ventral) gray horns
contain somatic motor nuclei which are clusters of cell bodies of somatic motor neurons; provide nerve impulses for contraction of skeletal muscles
31
Lateral gray horns
present only in thoracic and upper lumbar segements; contain autonomic motor nuclei, regulate activity of cardiac and smooth muscles and glands
32
Tracts
bundles of axons in the SC with common origin or destination and carry similar information
33
Sensory (ascending) tracts
consists of axons that conduct nerve impulses toward the brain
34
Motor (descending) tracts
consists of axons that carry nerve impulses from the brain
35
Mixed nerve
a spinal nerve that contains both sensory and motor axons
36
Endoneurium
innermost layer, wraps individual axons within a nerve
37
Fascicles
bundles of axons
38
Perineurium
middle layer; thicker layer (up to 15 layers of fibroblasts), wraps around fascicles
39
Epineurium
outermost layer over entire nerve; fuses with dura mater of spine
40
Rami
spinal nerve branches
41
Posterior (dorsal) ramus
serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk
42
Anterior (ventral) ramus
serves the muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs and the skin of the lateral and anterior surfaces of the trunk
43
Meningeal branch
reenters the vertebral cavity through the intervertebral foramen and supplies the vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of the SC, and meninges
44
Rami communicantes
components of the autonomic nervous system
45
Plexus
a network of axons
46
Intercostal (thoracic) nerves (T2-T12)
directly connect to the structures they supply in the intercostal spaces
47
Dermatomes
area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerves or the trigeminal (V) nerve
48
What does the cervical plexus supply?
the skin and muscles of the head, neck, and superior part of the shoulders and chest
49
What does the brachial plexus supply?
almost entire nerve supply of the shoulders and upper limbs
50
What does the lumbar plexus supply?
anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitalia, and par of the lower limb
51
What does the sacral plexus supply?
booty, perineum, and lower limbs
52
2 Functions of the SC
maintain homeostasis: nerve impulse propagation and integration of information
53
Spinothalamic tract
sensory tract; conveys nerve impulses for sensing pain, temp, itch, and tickle
54
Posterior column
consists of 2 sensory tracts: gracile fasciculus and cueate fasciculus; convey nerve impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception
55
Posterior column
consists of 2 sensory tracts: gracile fasciculus and cueate fasciculus; convey nerve impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception
56
3 tracts of the direct motor (pyramidal) pathways
lateral corticospinal, anterior corticospinal, and corticobulbar tracts
57
Action of the direct motor pathways
convey nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and are destined to cause voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
58
4 Tracts of the indirect motor (extrapyramidal) pathway
rubrospinal, tectospinal, vestibulospinal, lateral reticulospinal, and medial reticulospinal tracts
59
Action of the extrapyramidal pathways
convey nerve impulses from the brainstem to cause automatic movements, help coordinate body movements with visual stimuli, maintain muscle tone, sustain contraction of postural muscles, and regulate muscle tone in response to movements of the head
60
Reflex
fast, involuntary, unplanned sequence of actions that occurs in response to a particular stimulus
61
Spinal reflex
when integration of a reflex takes place in the SC gray matter
62
Cranial reflex
when integration of a reflex occurs in the brainstem
63
Somatic reflex
involve contractions of skeletal muscles
64
Autonomic (visceral) reflexes
involve responses of smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
65
Reflex arc
pathway followed by nerve impulses that produce a reflex
66
5 Functional components of a reflex arc
sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
67
Stretch reflex
monosynaptic; cause contraction of a skeletal muscle (the effector) in response to stretching of the muscle
68
What elicites a stretch reflex?
tapp on tendons attached to muscles at the elbow, wrist, knee, and ankle joints
69
Muscle spindles
sensory of receptors in muscles that monitor changes in the length of the muscles
70
Ipsilateral reflex
sensory nerve impulses enter the SC on the same side from which motor nerve impulses leave it; all ipsilaterals are monosynaptic
71
Reciprocal innervations
components of a neural circuit simultaneously cause contraction of one muscle and relaxation of its antagonist; prevents conflict between opposing muscles
72
Tendon reflex
ipsilateral; control muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation before muscle force becomes to great that tendons might be torn; can override stretch reflex
73
Tendon (Golgi tendon) organs
sensory receptors for tendon reflex; lie within a tendon near its junction with a muscle
74
Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
polysynaptic, ipsilateral
75
Intersegmental reflex arc
nerve impulses from one sensory neuron ascend and descend in the SC and activate interneurons in several segments of the SC; a single sensory neuron can activate several motor neurons
76
Crossed extensor reflex
contralateral; help maintain your balance after you step on the tack

A&P (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions