Chemistry

Question 1

Mass

Answer 1

amount of matter in an object

Question 2

% of O2 in the body and its purpose

Answer 2

96%, water, generate ATP

Question 3

% of C in body and its purpose

Answer 3

18.5%, organic molecules

Question 4

% H in body and purpose

Answer 4

9.5%, water and acids

Question 5

% N and purpose

Answer 5

3.2%, components of proteins and nucleic acid

Question 6

Atomic number

Answer 6

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 7

Mass number

Answer 7

sum of its protons and neutrons

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 9

Radioactive isotopes

Answer 9

unstable, their nuclei decay into a stable configuration

Question 10

Atomic mass

Answer 10

average mass of all its naturally occurring isotopes

Question 11

Free radicle

Answer 11

atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell

Question 12

Exergonic reaction

Answer 12

release more energy than they absorb

Question 13

Oxidation

Answer 13

loss of electrons; in the process the oxidized substance releases energy

Question 14

Reduction

Answer 14

refers to the gain of electrons; in the process the reduced substance gains energy.

Question 15

Which types of molecules are hydrophilic?

Answer 15

Solutes that are charged or contain polar covalent bonds

Question 16

Important things water is good at

Answer 16

solvent, chemical reactions, thermal, lubricant

Question 17

Mixture

Answer 17

combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but not bound by chemical bonds.

Question 18

Colloid

Answer 18

solute particles are large enough to scatter light

Question 19

Suspension

Answer 19

suspended material eventually settle out eg. blood

Question 20

Mole

Answer 20

the amount of any substance that has a mass in grams equal to the sum of the atomic masses of all its atoms.

Question 21

T/F An acid is a proton acceptor

Answer 21

false

Question 22

Isomer

Answer 22

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 23

How many carbons are in a monosaccharide?

Answer 23

3 to 7

Question 24

Dissaccharides

Answer 24

a molecule formed from the combination of two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis.

Question 25

T/F Mono and dissaccharides are simple sugars

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 26

glycogen, starches, cellulose

Question 27

Lipoproteins

Answer 27

lipid molecules join with hydrophilic protein molecules, soluble in water

Question 28

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 28

contains only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain; carbon atom of the hydrocarbon chain is saturated with hydrogen atoms

Question 29

What is a triglyceride composed of?

Answer 29

a single glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules

Question 30

Saturated fat

Answer 30

A fat that mainly consists of saturated fatty acids, meats (especially red meats) and non- skim dairy products

Question 31

Monounsaturated fats

Answer 31

contain triglycerides that mostly consist of monounsaturated fatty acids; Olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, most nuts, and avocados

Question 32

Polyunsaturated fats

Answer 32

contain triglycerides that mostly consist of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Corn oil, saff lower oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, and fatty fish

Question 33

5 Common steroids in the body

Answer 33

cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, bile salts, vit D

Question 34

2 Subclasses of eicosanoids

Answer 34

prostaglandins and leukotrienes (inflammatory receptor)

Question 35

Peptide bond

Answer 35

covalent bond joining each pair of amino acids

Question 36

Peptide

Answer 36

4-9 amino acids joined in a chain

Question 37

Denaturation

Answer 37

unraveled proteins that have lost function

Question 38

2 Parts of an enzyme

Answer 38

apoenzyme (protein portion) and a cofactor (nonprotein)

Question 39

3 Important properties of enzymes

Answer 39

High specific, very efficient, subject to a variety of cellular controls

Question 40

3 Parts of a nucleotide

Answer 40

nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group

Question 41

ATP synthesis reaction

Answer 41

ADP + Pi + energy ⇌ ATP + H2O

Question 42

Where does the energy needed to attach a phosphate group to ADP come from?

Answer 42

cellular respiration (catabolism of glucose)