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S1 Pharmacology > Tissue structure > Flashcards

Tissue structure Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three germ cell layers ?

A
  • endoderm (inner)
  • mesoderm (middle)
  • ectoderm (outer)
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2
Q

which tissue develops from the mesoderm ?

A
  • muscle tissue
  • connective tissue
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3
Q

which tissue is formed form all three germ cell layers ?

A
  • epithelial tissue
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4
Q

what tissue develops from ectoderm layer ?

A
  • skin tissue
  • nervous tissue
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5
Q

what tissue develops from ectoderm layer ?

A
  • skin tissue
  • nervous tissue
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6
Q

what are 3 main function of epithelial tissue ?

A
  • protective layer
    -secrete substances
  • absorption of substances
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7
Q

Structure of epithelial tissue

A
  • basement membrane
  • apical surfaces
  • blood vessels
  • nucleus
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8
Q

Structure of epithelial tissue

A
  • basement membrane
  • apical surfaces
  • blood vessels
  • nucleus
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9
Q

what is the basement membrane made of ?

A
  • basal lamina (selectively permeable) and reticular lamina
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10
Q

what is apical surface ?

A
  • top
  • lined with microvilli to inc surface area for absorption eg. small intestine
  • cilia to waft mucus in one direction eg. in trachea
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11
Q

what is the function of basement membrane ?

A
  • attaches epithelium to connective tissue
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12
Q

what are the 3 types of layers of epithelia tissue ?

A
  • simple
  • stratified
  • pseudostratified
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13
Q

what is simple epithelia ?

A
  • one layer
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14
Q

what is stratified epithelia?

A
  • more than one layer, only bottom layer in contact with basement membrane (like bricks)
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15
Q

what is pseudostratified epithelia ?

A
  • appear to be arranged in layers but only one layer
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16
Q

what are the 4 different shapes of epithelia cells ?

A
  • squamous
  • columnar
  • cuboidal
  • transitional
17
Q

what shape are squamous epithelial cells?

A
  • flat like paving stones
18
Q

what shape are columnar epithelial cells ?

A
  • taller than they are wider
19
Q

what shape are cuboidal epithelial cells ?

A
  • similar height, depth and width
  • cube like
20
Q

what are transitional epithelial cells ?

A
  • layers which change shape when they are stretched
21
Q

function of simple squamous cells ?

A
  • lines blood vessels
  • lines alveoli in lungs
22
Q

function of simple cuboidal epithelial cells ?

A
  • lines kidney tubules
  • reabsorbs+ secretes water and small molecules
23
Q

function of simple columnar cells ?

A
  • lines digestive organs eg. small intestine
  • can have cillia + goblet cells that secretes mucus
24
Q

function of stratified squamous epithelium ?

A
  • protects outer layer of skin from infection etc
25
Q

function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A
  • lines ducts and sweat glands
26
Q

function of stratified columnar epithelium ?

A
  • lines mammary glands + epididymus ( sperm )
27
Q

what are the three types of junctions on the surface on epithelial cells ?

A
  • adhesion junctions
  • tight junctions
  • gap junctions
28
Q

what are gap junctions ?

A
  • spot like junctions allowing small molecules to pass
29
Q

what are tight junctions ?

A
  • adjacent apical plasma membranes fuse, preventing substances from passing
30
Q

what are adhesion junctions ?

A
  • desmosomes create adhesion’s involving cadherin proteins
31
Q

what is an endocrine gland ?

A
  • secrete into empty tissue spaces then goes to blood
32
Q

what is an exocrine gland ?

A
  • secretes products into ducts
33
Q

what are the 3 secretory mechanisms for exocrine glands ?

A
  • merocrine
  • apocrine
  • holocrine
34
Q

what is merocrine secretion ?

A
  • secretion passes via exocytosis
  • no damage to plasma membrane
  • eg. salivary gland
35
Q

what is apocrine secretion ?

A

-apical end pinched off to release product into duct
- eg. mammary gland

36
Q

what is holocrine secretion ?

A
  • death of cells releases its contents
  • eg. sebaceous gland
37
Q

what does an epithelial membrane contain ?

A
  • contains an epithelium and an underlying connective tissue
38
Q

what are the 4 types of epithelial membranes ?

A
  • mucous (small intestine, nose)
  • cutaneous (skin)
  • synovial (lines joints, secretes synovial fluid )
  • serous (lines body cavities , secrete serous fluid )

S1 Pharmacology (16 decks)

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