DNA replication and synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
what is the structure of DNA?
A
- deoxyribose sugar
- nitrogenous base
- phosphate
- double stranded
2
Q
what is the structure of RNA ?
A
- ribose sugar
- nitrogenous base
- phosphate
- single stranded
3
Q
what are the 3 different types of RNA
A
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
4
Q
what is the structure of a nucleotide ?
A
- pentose sugar
- nitrogenous base
- phosphate group
5
Q
which bases are purine bases ?
A
- adenine
- guanine
6
Q
which bases are pyrimidine bases ?
A
- uracil
- cytosine
- thymine
7
Q
what are difference in DNA and RNA structure ?
A
- RNA has U vs DNA has T
- RNA single stranded vs DNA double stranded
- RNA has ribose vs DNA has deoxyribose
8
Q
what is the role of DNA Polymerase ?
A
- adds nucleoside triphosphates and forms phosphodiester bonds
- only works in 5’ to 3’
9
Q
what are the 3 stages of transcription ?
A
- initiation
- elongation
- termination
10
Q
what are transcription factors ?
A
- proteins that bind to DNA - switch gene on or off
11
Q
stages of initiation of transcription
A
- transcription factors bind to promoter region
- RNA polymerase binds to promoter region
- DNA strand unwinds + separates
12
Q
stages of elongation of transcription ?
A
- RNA polymerase moves along template strand (anti -sense) and adds RNA nucleotide
- in the 5’ to 3’ direction
13
Q
termination stages of transcription
A
- RNA polymerase encounters termination signal
- released from DNA strand and mRNA formed
14
Q
What are the 3 sites on ribosomes ?
A
- A (amino acid joins)
- P (peptide made)
- E (exit - holds tRNA before it leaves ribosome)
15
Q
initiation of translation ?
A
- small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA
- tRNA with comp anti-codon to mRNA condon binds
- large ribosomal subunit joins
