Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S1 Pharmacology > Nuclear receptors > Flashcards

Nuclear receptors Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between cell surface and intracellular receptors ?

A
  • cell surface receptors cannot cross membrane
  • intracellular can diffuse through membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 types of hormones ?

A
  • lipophilic (lipid-soluble)
  • hydrophilic (water-soluble)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are properties of lipophilic hormones ?

A
  • lipid soluble
  • pass through plasma membrane
  • binds to intracellular receptors
  • slower than hydrophilic hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do lipophilic hormones work ?

A

-pass through plasma membrane
- bind to intracellular receptor at target cells
- activate genes that produce new proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do hydrophilic hormones work ?

A
  • bind to receptors on target cell membranes
  • activates signal transduction pathway which produces 2nd messenger
  • activates existing enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is lipophillic or hydrophilic action faster ?

A
  • hydrophilic
  • new proteins are made in lipophilic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which hormones are produced by the gonads?

A
  • androgen, progesterone, estrogens (steroid hormones)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are corticosteroid hormones and where are they produced ?

A
  • steroid hormones
  • 2 types = glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
  • produced by adrenal gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of glucocorticoids and where are they produced ?

A
  • produced by adrenal gland, stimulate glucose production
  • produced in adrenal gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of mineralocorticoids and where are they produced?

A
  • produced by adrenal gland
  • control salt and water balance in kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is thyroid hormone synthesized, and what does it regulate?

A
  • synthesized from tyrosine in thyroid gland
  • regulated metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the role of Vitamin D3 in the body?

A
  • It regulates ca2+ metabolism and bone growth.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is Retinoic Acid, and what is its biological significance?

A
  • it is synthesized from Vitamin A
  • key roles in vertebrate development.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 2 types of intracellular receptors ?

A
  • cytoplasmic
  • nuclear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

examples of cytoplasmic receptors ?

A
  • glucocorticoid
  • mineralocorticoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

examples of nuclear receptors ?

A
  • estrogen
  • progestrone
  • thyroid hormone
  • retinoic acid
17
Q

what are the 3 domains in nuclear receptors ?

A
  • transactivation domain (A/B,E)
  • DNA binding/dimerization domain (C)
  • nuclear localization domain (D)
18
Q

what is role of transactivation domain ?

A
  • contains ligand binding domain E
  • causes conformational change of DNA shape
  • initiates transcription
19
Q

what is role of DNA-binding/dimerisation domain ?

A
  • allows dimerisation of receptors and binding to DNA
20
Q

what is role of nuclear localization domain (D) ?

A
  • allows receptor to enter nucleus
21
Q

mechanism of cytoplasmic receptor activation ?

A
  • ligand enters cell + binds to receptor
  • binding dislodges regulatory (repressor) protein
  • ligand-receptor complex enters nucleus + binds to specific DNA sequence in promoter region
  • binding can either activate gene transcription or inhibit it
22
Q

mechanism of nuclear receptor ?

A
  • lipid-soluble hormones diffuse through the plasma membrane
  • bind to nuclear receptors
  • hormone-receptor complex binds to a hormone response element on DNA
  • this initiates transcription of mRNA
  • mRNA binds to ribosome for translation
23
Q

what kind of hormone carries out mechanism for both cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors ?

A
  • lipophilic need to enter cell
24
Q

what is the role of aldosterone + where is it produced ?

A
  • produced by adrenal cortex
  • regulates Na+ concentration
  • type of mineralocorticoid / steroid hormone
25
Q

what happens when Na+ concentration is too high ?

A
  • Nedd4-2 binds to ENaC
  • causes channels to be internalised
  • so decreased reabsorption of Na+
  • more Na+ lost in urine
26
Q

what happens when Na+ concentration is too low ?

A
  • aldosterone promotes expression of SGK1
  • SGK1 phosphorylates Nedd4-2
  • prevents binding to ENaC
  • so it remain in membrane so more Na+ reabsorbed
27
Q

what is the fucntion of ENaC

A
  • epithelium Na+ channel
  • reabsorb Na+

S1 Pharmacology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions