Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
What does FODMAP stand for ?
A
- Fermentable
- Oligosaccharide
- Disaccharide
- Monosaccharide
- And
- Polyols
2
Q
What is an Oligosaccharide ?
A
- made up of a few monosaccharide sugars up to 9
3
Q
What is a Polyol ?
A
- contains many hydroxyl groups
4
Q
What is the structure of Glucose ?
A
- 6 C
- Aldehyde group (very reactive)
- OH groups
5
Q
Does Fischer or Haworth’s form of glucose contain more energy ?
A
- Fischer (straight chain)
- because aldehyde group has more energy
6
Q
Which form is the natural form of glucose and why ?
A
- cyclic form
- less reactive so can be stored
7
Q
What are examples of monosaccharides ?
A
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
- mannose
8
Q
what are examples of disaccharides ?
A
- maltose ( 2 x alpha glucose)
- lactose (B glucose + galactose )
- Sucrose (glucose + fructose )
9
Q
what are examples of polysaccharides ?
A
- starch
- glycogen
- cellulose
10
Q
what is starch made up of ?
A
- amylose and amylopectin (both made of glucose)
11
Q
what are differences between amylose and amylopectin ?
A
- amylopectin is branched
- amylopectin has 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds whereas amylose has 1-4
12
Q
Structure of glycogen ?
A
- more branched than amylopectin
- 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- insoluble in water
13
Q
structure of cellulose ?
A
- polymer of B glucose
- unbranched
- cell wall in plants
- insoluble in water
14
Q
How does FODMAP cause IBS ?
A
- monosaccharides + disaccharides are fermentable
- GI bacteria can ferment sugars
- results in gases + bloating
15
Q
How is fructose converted into mannitol ?
A
- using MDH + co enzyme NADH
