Blood Flashcards
1
Q
3 function of blood ?
A
- transport substances
- regulate life processes
- affords protection against diseases
2
Q
what are the 2 primary components of blood ?
A
- plasma = 55%
- formed elements = 45%
3
Q
what is blood plasma + what is it % compositions ?
A
- liquid in which peripheral blood cells are suspended
- composed of 92% water , 7% proteins, renaming 1% = proteins, electrolytes, hormones
4
Q
what are the formed elements of blood ?
A
- erythroctyes (rbc)
- leukoctes (wbc)
- thrombocytes (platelets)
5
Q
what is hematocrit ?
A
- ratio of red blood cells to plasma
- expressed as a percentage
6
Q
structure and 2 functions of erythrocytes ?
A
- biconcave discs
- lack nucleus + organelles
- cytosol contains hemoglobin
- function :
- transport O2 +
- anucleate = expel their nucleus,
7
Q
what is the structure of hemoglobin?
A
- 2 α-globin chains and 2 β-globin chains
- each subunit has a heme group that binds oxygen.
- the heme group contains an iron (Fe²⁺) atom,
8
Q
effect of hypertonic solution on rbc ?
A
- water moves out of rbc so it shrinks
- forms crenated cells
9
Q
effect of hypotonic solution on rbc ?
A
- medium swell + lose characteristic biconcave disk shape
10
Q
What is the shape of sickle cell red blood cells (RBCs)?
A
- Sickle cell red blood cells (RBCs) have an abnormal crescent or sickle shape
11
Q
What are reticulocytes?
A
- immature red blood cells
- increased amount of RNA gives red-blue colour
12
Q
What are the two categories of leukocytes (white blood cells)?
A
- Granulocytes = has bacteria-combating granules
- Agranulocytes = no granules
13
Q
what are the 3 types of granulocytes (contains granules) ?
A
- neutrophil
- eosinophil
- basophil
- end in PHIL
14
Q
what are the 2 types of agranulocyes ?
A
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
15
Q
What are the key characteristics of neutrophils?
A
- prominent nucleus segmented into 2-5 lobes
- Cytoplasm: Contains glycogen, filaments, and micro-tubules
- half-life = 6-8 hrs in blood; 1-4 days in tissue.