Tissue and Histology-Supporting connective tissue

Question 1

Supporting connective tissue-Cartilage, what is its structure?

Answer 1

 Composed of chondrocytes located in matrix
 Type of cartilage determined by components of the matrix
 Firm consistency

Question 2

Supporting connective tissue-Cartilage, what is its function?

Answer 2

 Ground substance: traps large amounts of water. Tissue can spring back after being compressed

Question 3

Supporting connective tissue-Cartilage, why does it heal slowly?

Answer 3

 Avascular and no nerve supply

Question 4

Supporting connective tissue-Cartilage, what are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 4

◦ Hyaline
◦ Fibrocartilage
◦ Elastic

Question 5

Supporting connective tissue-Hyaline cartilage, what is its structure?

Answer 5

large amount of collagen fibers evenly distributed in

proteoglycan matrix. Smooth surface in articulations

Question 6

Supporting connective tissue-Hyaline cartilage, what is its function?

Answer 6

Allows the growth of long
bones; provides rigidity with some
flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs,
and nose; forms rugged, smooth, yet
somewhat flexible articulating surfaces

Question 7

Supporting connective tissue-Hyaline cartilage, where is it located?

Answer 7

◦ Found in areas for strong support and some flexibility: rib
cage, trachea, and bronchi

Question 8

Supporting connective tissue-Fibrocartilage cartilage, what is its function?

Answer 8

Somewhat flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure

Question 9

Supporting connective tissue-Fibrocartilage cartilage, what is its structure?

Answer 9

thick collagen fibers distributed in proteoglycan

matrix; slightly compressible and very tough

Question 10

Supporting connective tissue-Fibrocartilage cartilage, where is it located?

Answer 10

found in areas of body where a great deal of pressure
is applied to joints
E.G.
◦ Knee, jaw, between vertebrae

Question 11

Supporting connective tissue-Elastic cartilage, what is its structure?

Answer 11

elastic and collagen fibers embedded in

proteoglycans. Rigid but elastic properties

Question 12

Supporting connective tissue-Elastic cartilage, what is its function

Answer 12

Provides rigidity with even more Location: External ears, epiglottis, auditory tubes more flexible than hyaline cartilage because elastic fibers return to their original shape after being stretched

Question 13

Supporting connective tissue-Elastic cartilage, where is it located?

Answer 13

external ears and epiglottis

Question 14

Supporting connective tissue-Bone, what is the bone matrix made of?

Answer 14

Organic: collagen and proteoglycans
inorganic: hydroxyapatite and CaPO4 crystals

Question 15

Supporting connective tissue-Bone, what happens when mineral is removed?

Answer 15

bone is too bendable

Question 16

Supporting connective tissue-Bone, what happens when calcium is removed?

Answer 16

bone is too brittle

Question 17

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, what is an osteoblast and how does it form bone?

Answer 17

Formation of bone
through ossification or
osteogenesis.

Question 18

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, what is Ossification?

Answer 18

Osteoblasts communicate through gap junctions. Cells surround themselves by matrix.

Question 19

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, what are Osteocytes?

Answer 19

Mature bone cells. Surrounded by matrix but can make

small amounts of matrix to maintain it.

Question 20

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, what is Lacunae?

Answer 20

spaces occupied by osteocyte cell body

Question 21

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, what is Canaliculi?

Answer 21

canals occupied by osteocyte cell processes

Question 22

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, what is the function of Osteoclasts

Answer 22

Resorption of bone

Question 23

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, what is the Ruffled border?

Answer 23

where cell membrane borders bone and resorption is taking place.

Question 24

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, what is the function of the Osteoclast?

Answer 24

H+ ions pumped across
membrane, acid forms, eats
away bone.

Question 25

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, how does the Osteoclast perform this function

Answer 25

Release enzymes that

digest the bone.

Question 26

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, what is the Osteoclast derived from?

Answer 26

Derived from monocytes
(formed from stem cells in
red bone marrow)

Question 27

Supporting connective tissue-Bone cells, is the Osteoclast mono or multi nucleated?

Answer 27

multinucleated

Question 28

Supporting connective tissue-Bone, what is Woven Bone?

Answer 28

Collagen fibers randomly oriented

Question 29

Supporting connective tissue-Bone, when is Woven Bone formed?

Answer 29

During fetal development

During fracture repair

Question 30

Supporting connective tissue-Bone, what is woven bone remodelled into?

Answer 30

lamellar bone

Question 31

Supporting connective tissue-Bone, what is Lamellar bone?

Answer 31

Mature bone in sheets. Fibers are
oriented in one direction in each layer, but in different
directions in different layers for strength.

Question 32

Supporting connective tissue-Spongy Bone, what is Spongy bone and where is it located?

Answer 32

Spongy bone is located between compact bone.

Spongy bone is in the structure of a Trabeculae.

Question 33

Supporting connective tissue-Spongy Bone, what is a Trabeculae?

Answer 33

interconnecting rods or plates
of bone (Like scaffolding).

Question 34

Supporting connective tissue-Spongy Bone, what are the characteristics of Trabeculae?

Answer 34

◦ Spaces filled with marrow.
◦ Covered with endosteum (a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue).
◦ Oriented along stress lines

Question 35

Supporting connective tissue-Compact Bone, Where are central canals?

Answer 35

parallel to long axis (strong exterior)

Question 36

Supporting connective tissue-Compact Bone, what is the Osteon system?

Answer 36

central canal, contents, associated concentric

lamellae and osteocytes

Question 37

Supporting connective tissue-Compact Bone, what is the Perforating canal

Answer 37

Perpendicular to long axis. Both perforating and central canals contain blood vessels. Direct flow of nutrients from vessels through cell processes of osteoblasts and from one cell to the next.