muscular system 1-types of movements Flashcards
what are the 3 types of movement categories?
Gliding
Angular
Circular
what is a Gliding movement?
it slides across the hyaline cartilage
what are the angular movements?
Flexion and Extension
Hyperextension
Plantar and Dorsiflexion
Abduction and Adduction
what are the circular movements?
Rotation
Pronation and Supination
Circumduction
what are flexion and extension?
Flexion: Decreasing angle between two body parts.
Extension: Increasing angle between two body
what are plantar and dorsi flexion?
◦ Plantar flexion:
standing on the toes
◦ Dorsiflexion: foot
lifted toward the
shin
what are abduction and adduction?
Abduction:
movement away
from the median
plane
Adduction:
movement
toward the
median plane
what is Rotation?
turning of a structure on its long axis, I.E: medial and later rotation
what are pronation and supination and where do they occur?
the forearm
◦ Pronation: palm faces
posteriorly
◦ Supination: palm faces
anteriorly
what movements are involved in producing circumduction and what shape does it create?
◦ Combination of flexion,
extension, abduction,
adduction
◦ Appendage describes a cone
special movements-what are elevation and depression?
Elevation: moves a structure superior
Depression: moves a structure inferior
special movements-what are protraction and retraction?
Protraction: gliding
motion anteriorly
Retraction: moves structure back to anatomic position or even further posteriorly
special movements-what is excursion to the right and left?
moving mandible to the right or left
of midline
special movements-what are opposition and reposition?
Opposition: movement of thumb and little finger toward each other
Reposition:
return to
anatomical
position
special movements-what are inversion and eversion?
Inversion: turning
the ankle so the
plantar surface of
foot faces medially
Eversion: turning the
ankle so the plantar
surface of foot faces
laterally
what are active and passive motion?
◦ Active: amount of movement accomplished by muscle contraction
◦ Passive: amount of movement accomplished by some outside force
what are active and passive motion influenced by?
- Amount and shape of cartilage covering surfaces
- Amount of fluid in and around joint
- Amount of pain in and around joint
- Amount of use/disuse of joint
what type of joint is the shoulder joint and what movements are available around it?
ball and socket: stability is reduced,
mobility is increased compared to hip
Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction,
rotation, circumduction
what are the characteristics of the shoulder joint (Glenohhumeral)
Bursae
Rotator cuff: four muscles that along with
ligaments give stability to the joint
Tendon of biceps brachii passes through
the joint capsule
what are the 3 joints of the elbow joint?
◦ Humeroulnar joint
◦ Humeroradial joint
◦ Proximal radioulnar joint
what are the characteristics of the elbow joint?
Shape of trochlear notch and
trochlea limit movement to
extension and flexion
Rounded head of radius
allows pronation and
supination
what type of join is the hip joint?
ball and socket
more stable but less mobile than shoulder joint
what movements occur at the hip joint?
Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation,
circumduction
what is a characteristic of the hip joint?
Extremely strong joint capsule reinforced by
ligaments
what type of joint is a knee joint?
a modified hinge joint that allows for flexion/extension and small amounts of rotation
what are is the menisci in the knee joint?
fibrocartilage articular disks that build up the margins
of the tibia and deepen articular surface
what is a cruciate ligament and what are the two cruciate ligaments in the knee?
extend between intercondylar eminence of tibia and fossa of the femur (area connecting the tibia and femur with hyaline cartilage and ligaments)
◦ Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Prevents anterior displacement of tibia
◦ Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Prevents posterior displacement of tibia
what are the collateral ligaments?
along with tendons of thigh muscles strengthen the joint both medial and lateral
what might the bursae result in?
may result in slow accumulation of fluid in the joint
