muscular system 1-types of movements

Question 1

what are the 3 types of movement categories?

Answer 1

Gliding
Angular
Circular

Question 2

what is a Gliding movement?

Answer 2

it slides across the hyaline cartilage

Question 3

what are the angular movements?

Answer 3

Flexion and Extension
Hyperextension
Plantar and Dorsiflexion
Abduction and Adduction

Question 4

what are the circular movements?

Answer 4

Rotation
Pronation and Supination
Circumduction

Question 5

what are flexion and extension?

Answer 5

 Flexion: Decreasing angle between two body parts.

 Extension: Increasing angle between two body

Question 6

what are plantar and dorsi flexion?

Answer 6

◦ Plantar flexion:
standing on the toes

◦ Dorsiflexion: foot
lifted toward the
shin

Question 7

what are abduction and adduction?

Answer 7

 Abduction:
movement away
from the median
plane

 Adduction:
movement
toward the
median plane

Question 8

what is Rotation?

Answer 8

turning of a structure on its long axis, I.E: medial and later rotation

Question 9

what are pronation and supination and where do they occur?

Answer 9

the forearm

◦ Pronation: palm faces
posteriorly

◦ Supination: palm faces
anteriorly

Question 10

what movements are involved in producing circumduction and what shape does it create?

Answer 10

◦ Combination of flexion,
extension, abduction,
adduction

◦ Appendage describes a cone

Question 11

special movements-what are elevation and depression?

Answer 11

 Elevation: moves a structure superior

 Depression: moves a structure inferior

Question 12

special movements-what are protraction and retraction?

Answer 12

Protraction: gliding
motion anteriorly

 Retraction: moves
structure back to
anatomic position or
even further
posteriorly

Question 13

special movements-what is excursion to the right and left?

Answer 13

moving mandible to the right or left

of midline

Question 14

special movements-what are opposition and reposition?

Answer 14

 Opposition:
movement of
thumb and little
finger toward
each other

 Reposition:
return to
anatomical
position

Question 15

special movements-what are inversion and eversion?

Answer 15

Inversion: turning
the ankle so the
plantar surface of
foot faces medially

 Eversion: turning the
ankle so the plantar
surface of foot faces
laterally

Question 16

what are active and passive motion?

Answer 16

◦ Active: amount of movement accomplished by muscle contraction

◦ Passive: amount of movement accomplished by some outside force

Question 17

what are active and passive motion influenced by?

Answer 17

1. Amount and shape of cartilage covering surfaces
2. Amount of fluid in and around joint
3. Amount of pain in and around joint
4. Amount of use/disuse of joint

Question 18

what type of joint is the shoulder joint and what movements are available around it?

Answer 18

ball and socket: stability is reduced,
mobility is increased compared to hip

 Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction,
rotation, circumduction

Question 19

what are the characteristics of the shoulder joint (Glenohhumeral)

Answer 19

 Bursae

 Rotator cuff: four muscles that along with
ligaments give stability to the joint

 Tendon of biceps brachii passes through
the joint capsule

Question 20

what are the 3 joints of the elbow joint?

Answer 20

◦ Humeroulnar joint

◦ Humeroradial joint

◦ Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 21

what are the characteristics of the elbow joint?

Answer 21

 Shape of trochlear notch and
trochlea limit movement to
extension and flexion

 Rounded head of radius
allows pronation and
supination

Question 22

what type of join is the hip joint?

Answer 22

ball and socket

more stable but less mobile than shoulder joint

Question 23

what movements occur at the hip joint?

Answer 23

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation,

circumduction

Question 24

what is a characteristic of the hip joint?

Answer 24

Extremely strong joint capsule reinforced by

ligaments

Question 25

what type of joint is a knee joint?

Answer 25

a modified hinge joint that allows for flexion/extension and small amounts of rotation

Question 26

what are is the menisci in the knee joint?

Answer 26

fibrocartilage articular disks that build up the margins

of the tibia and deepen articular surface

Question 27

what is a cruciate ligament and what are the two cruciate ligaments in the knee?

Answer 27

extend between intercondylar eminence of tibia and fossa of the femur (area connecting the tibia and femur with hyaline cartilage and ligaments)

◦ Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Prevents anterior displacement of tibia

◦ Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Prevents posterior displacement of tibia

Question 28

what are the collateral ligaments?

Answer 28

along with tendons of thigh muscles strengthen the joint both medial and lateral

Question 29

what might the bursae result in?

Answer 29

may result in slow accumulation of fluid in the joint