Human anatomy-Muscle terminology, shape, names and levers

Question 1

what is a tendon?

Answer 1

attach muscles to bones

Question 2

what is an origin?

Answer 2

usually most stationary,
proximal end of muscle

Some muscles have multiple origins known as heads

Question 3

what is an insertion?

Answer 3

mobile/ distal end that undergoes greatest

movement

Question 4

what is a belly?

Answer 4

the part of the muscle between the origin and

insertion

Question 5

what is an agonist?

Answer 5

Muscle that completes a certain movement is called the agonist

Question 6

what is an antagonist?

Answer 6

a muscle acting opposite is called the antagonist

Question 7

what is a synergists?

Answer 7

members of a group of muscles are called synergists

Question 8

what is a prime mover?

Answer 8

if one muscle plays a major role it is called the prime mover

Question 9

what is a fixator

Answer 9

Fixators stabilise the origin of a prime mover

Question 10

Pennate are the 3 type of pennate muscle?

Answer 10

Bipennate
Semipennate
Multipennate

Question 11

what are Bipennate muscles?

Answer 11

Fibres arranged like barbs of a feather on two sides of a common tendon

Question 12

what are Semipennate muscles?

Answer 12

Muscle with fibres on one side of the tendon

Question 13

what are multipennate muscles?

Answer 13

Muscle with fibres arranged at many Places around Central tendon

Question 14

what is a straight muscle?

Answer 14

Fibres organised parallel to

the long axis of the muscle

Question 15

what is an orbicular muscle?

Answer 15

Fibres arranged in a circle

around an opening

Question 16

what is a quadrate muscle?

Answer 16

Four sided with right angles.

Question 17

what is a rhomboidal muscle?

Answer 17

Four sided with no right angles

Question 18

what is a fusiform muscle?

Answer 18

Spindle shape, tapered either end

Question 19

what is a trapezium muscle?

Answer 19

Four sided with no right angles and no parallel sides

Question 20

what is a triangular muscle?

Answer 20

Three sided

Question 21

how are muscles named?

Answer 21

1. Location e.g. gluteus (maximus/minimus) is a buttock muscle.
2. Size e.g. a longus muscle is longer than a brevis muscle (short).
3. Shape.
4. Orientation of fibres.
5. Origin and insertion
6. Number of heads e.g. biceps two heads, triceps three heads.
7. Function e.g. abductor moves a structure away mid-line, adductor towards

Question 22

what are the 4 parts of a lever in the body?

Answer 22

Lever= is a bone.

Fulcrum (F)= is a joint.

Load (L) or Resistance= force of gravity either in the form of the weight of the body parts or the weight of an object being lifted, pulled or pushed.

Effort (E) (or force) of muscle contraction is applied to the levers causing them to move (direction)

Question 23

what are the 3 types of levers?

Answer 23

first class lever: L--F--E
second class lever: E--L--F
third class lever: F--E--L
best way to remember: FLE123