skeletal system-classes of joints Flashcards
what are the structures of the joints?
based on major connective tissue type that binds bones
what are the 3 types of joints?
◦ Fibrous
◦ Cartilaginous
◦ Synovial
what are the characteristics of fibrous joints
◦ United by fibrous connective tissue
◦ Have no joint cavity
◦ Move little or none
what are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
Sutures: skull
Syndesmoses: connects the radius and ulna and tibia and fibula.
Gomphoses: teeth
what do Cartilaginous joints do?
Unite two bones by means of cartilage
what are the 2 Cartilaginous joints?
◦ Synchondroses: hyaline cartilage
◦ Symphyses: fibrocartilage
what are the characteristics of a Synchondroses joint
Joined by hyaline
cartilage (epiphyseal plate and true rib cartilage)
Little or no
movement
Some are
temporary
Some are
permanent
what are the characteristics of a symphyses?
Fibrocartilage uniting two bones
Slightly movable
an example of symphyses joints?
symphysis pubis, between the manubrium sternum and the body of the sternum, intervertebral disks.
what are the characteristics of synovial joints?
Contain synovial fluid
Allow considerable movement
Complex
what are most of the joints that have great mobility in the body in the appendicular skeleton?
synovial joints
synovial joints contain what type of articular cartilage?
hyaline
what is a joint cavity?
when the synovial fluid encloses an articular surface.
what is a fibrous capsule?
dense irregular connective tissue, continuous with fibrous layer of the periosteum. Portions may thicken to form ligaments.
there is synovial membrane and fluid within all but one place of a joint capsule, where?
except at actual articulation point of articular cartilages.
articular cartilages within synovial joints have no…
blood vessels or nerves
how does the brain know the position of the joints?
Nerves in capsule help brain know position of joints
proprioception
what are the accessory structures?
Bursae:
◦ Pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that extend from
the joint. Found in areas of friction
◦ Bursitis
Ligaments and tendons: stabilisation
Articular discs:
temporomandibular,
sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular
Menisci: fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee
Tendon sheaths: synovial sacs that surround
tendons as they pass near or over bone
what are the 3 types of synovial joints?
Uniaxial: occurring around one axis
Biaxial: occurring around two axes at right angles to each other
Multiaxial: occurring around several axes
which synovial joints are uniaxial?
Plane joint: intervertebral plate
Hinge joints: elbow
Pivot joints: proximal and distal radioulnar.
which synovial joints are Biaxial?
saddle joints: thumb, sternoclavicular
condyloid:(modified ball and socket joint): Metacarpophalangeal joints
what synovial joint is multiaxial?
ball and socket: shoulder and hip joint.
