thyroid histology

Question 1

what is the first endocrine gland to develop?

Answer 1

thyroid gland

Question 2

what is the thyroid gland derived from?

Answer 2

is derived from endoderm in the floor of the primitive pharynx

Question 3

when does the thyroid begin to fxn?

Answer 3

by the end of the 3rd month prenatally

Question 4

what is the thyroid capsule derived from?

Answer 4

deep cervical fascia

Question 5

what partitiions the gland into lobules?

Answer 5

trabeculae/septa

Question 6

which hormones does the thyroid gland synethesize?

Answer 6

T3, T4, Calcitonin

Question 7

if cells in follicular epithelium are simple squamous, what level of activity?

Answer 7

low

Question 8

if cells in follicular epithelium are simple cuboidal, what level of activity?

Answer 8

normal

Question 9

if cells in follicular epithelium are simple columnar, what level of activity?

Answer 9

high

Question 10

thyroid follicles are surrounded by_____

Answer 10

basal lamina

Question 11

what is in the follicular lumen?

Answer 11

colloid

Question 12

what is in colloid?

Answer 12

thyrogloblin (T3 + T4)

Question 13

where is calcitonin stored and released from?

Answer 13

parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland

Question 14

synthesis of thyroid hormones is controlled by ____ and ____

Answer 14

TSH and iodide

Question 15

thyroglobulin synthesis occurs in the ______, thyroglobulin glycosylation occurs in the _____&______

Answer 15

RER; RER & GA

Question 16

how many tyrosine residues are found in each thyroglobulin molec?

Answer 16

120

Question 17

what sort of transport is required for iodide to enter follicular cells?

Answer 17

active transport

Question 18

the transepithelial pathway involves binding of thyroglobulin to ______

Answer 18

megalin

Question 19

where is megalin located?

Answer 19

apical follicular cell membrane, facing the colloid

Question 20

during the lysosome pathway or the transepithelial pathway does the T3 T4 get released when attached to thryoglobulin?

Answer 20

transpithelial

Question 21

which pharyngeal pouches do the parathyroid glands arise from?

Answer 21

3rd, 4th

Question 22

how are epithelial cells arranged in parathyroid gland parenchyma?

Answer 22

cords or clusters

Question 23

which cells synthesize parathyroid hormone?

Answer 23

chief cells

Question 24

in bone, PTH attaches to _____ receptors, but triggers ______activity

Answer 24

osteoblast receptors, osteoclast activity

Question 25

osteoclast = bone building or bone breakdown?

Answer 25

bone breakdown

Question 26

in kidney, PTH ____Ca loss in urine, ______phosphate loss in urine

Answer 26

prevents Ca loss, promotes phosphate loss

Question 27

tetany can result from loss of what?

Answer 27

parathyroid (loss of Ca)