Pancreas/adrenal Histology

Question 1

pancreatic islets are derived from____

Answer 1

endoderm

Question 2

what provides the supporting framework for pancreatic islets?

Answer 2

reticular fibers

Question 3

pancreatic islets are accompanied by ____and ____

Answer 3

capillaries and ANS fibers

Question 4

70% of cells in islets are?

Answer 4

beta cells

Question 5

where are beta cells located?

Answer 5

scattered throughout, but concentrated in center

Question 6

tumor that can drive down blood glu levels

Answer 6

insulinoma

Question 7

where are alpha cells located?

Answer 7

periphery of pancreas

Question 8

what do alpha cells secrete?

Answer 8

glucagon

Question 9

GLUT2 transporter is insulin______

Answer 9

independent

Question 10

_____may be used to promote insulin secretion in type II diabetics

Answer 10

sulfonylurea receptor inhibitors

Question 11

name the sulfonylurea receptor inhibitors

Answer 11

1. gliclazide

2. glimepiride

Question 12

role of GLUT2 transport protein

Answer 12

to transport glu into cell in order to stimulate insulin secretion

Question 13

GLUT4 transporter is insulin_____

Answer 13

dependent

Question 14

adrenal gland outer cortex is derived from_____, inner medulla derived from_____

Answer 14

mesoderm; neural crest cells

Question 15

what is req’d for differentiation of precursor cells into chromaffin cells? (2)

Answer 15

cortisol

NGF

Question 16

Superior suprarenal artery branches from what parent artery?

Answer 16

inferior phrenic

Question 17

middle suprarenal artery branches from what parent artery?

Answer 17

aorta

Question 18

inferior suprarenal artery branches from what parent artery?

Answer 18

renal

Question 19

subscapular plexus divides into (2)

Answer 19

1. cortical arteries

2. medullary arteries

Question 20

in the zona glomerulosa, the secretory prodcts are ____

Answer 20

aldosterone

Question 21

in the zona fasciculata, the secretory products are

Answer 21

cortisol

Question 22

in the zona reticularis, the secretory products are

Answer 22

sex hormones (androgens)

Question 23

what type of cells are absent in the zona fasciculata?

Answer 23

secretory vesicles

Question 24

ACTH has an effect on cells of which compartments (2

Answer 24

1. zona fasciculata

2. zona reticularis

Question 25

what is the zona glomerulosa under the control of?

Answer 25

1. Angiotensin

2. Potassium

Question 26

chromaffin cells are ____sympathetic neurons, innervated by ____fibers from _____

Answer 26

postganglionic; preganglionic; T8-L1

Question 27

what enzymes converts NE–>epi?

Answer 27

phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase

Question 28

phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase requires the presence of?

Answer 28

cortisol

Question 29

where does the synthesis or Epi and NE occur?

Answer 29

cytosol of chromaffin

Question 30

besides the adrenal glands, chromaffin tissue can also be found where?

Answer 30

organ of zuckerkandl

Question 31

where is the organ of zuckerkandl

Answer 31

at the bifurcation of the aorta and the IMA

Question 32

a tumor of teh organ of zuckerkandl would be expected to incr the output of?

Answer 32

NE

Question 33

congenital adrenal hyperplasia results in?

Answer 33

ambiguous genitalia