adrenal physio

Question 1

cortisol is primarily produced in what layer of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 1

zona fasciculata

Question 2

androgens are primarily produced in what layer of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 2

zona reticularis

Question 3

epi and NE are produced in the adrenal______

Answer 3

medulla

Question 4

what enzyme converts testosterone into DHT?

Answer 4

5-alpha reductase

Question 5

what is the rate limiting step of cortisol biosynthesis?

Answer 5

conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone

Question 6

female adrenal derived testosterone is important in maintaining?

Answer 6

normal pubic and axillary hair

Question 7

in post-menopausal women, adrenal derived testosterone is a source of?

Answer 7

estradiol

Question 8

ACTH binds to what sort of receptor?

Answer 8

melanocortin 2 receptor

Question 9

chronic low levels of ACTH cause______

Answer 9

cortical atrophy

Question 10

chronic elevated levels of ACTH cause______

Answer 10

cortical hypertrophy

Question 11

how does stress increase plasma glu levels via cortisol (2)

Answer 11

1. incr gluconeogenesis

2. decr glu utilization

Question 12

___appetite incr glucocorticoids

Answer 12

increased

Question 13

effect of glucocorticoids on bone?

Answer 13

incr reabsorption of bone

Question 14

besides aldosterone, which enzymes have slight mineralocorticoid activity? (2)

Answer 14

1. 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC)

2. corticosterone

Question 15

example of a synthetic mineralocorticoid?

Answer 15

fludrocortisone

Question 16

used to tx primary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 16

fludrocortisone

Question 17

main regulators of aldosterone synthesis (2)

Answer 17

1. ATII

2. blood potassium levels

Question 18

ATII binding leads to incr in intracellular Ca–>incr expression of ____ and _____

Answer 18

StAR and P450scc

Question 19

____blood potassium depolarize zona glomerulosa cells

Answer 19

elevated

Question 20

aldosterone leads to ____Na excretion and ___K excretion

Answer 20

decr; incr

Question 21

which enzyme converts cortisol from inactive to active form?

Answer 21

11beta-HSD1

Question 22

which enzyme converts cortisol from active to inactive form?

Answer 22

11beta-HSD2

Question 23

11beta-HSD2 is found where? (3)

Answer 23

1. kidney
2. colon
3. salivary glands

Question 24

saturation of 11-beta HSD2 can occur during which disease?

Answer 24

hypercortisolism

Question 25

genetic disease caused by inactivation of 11-beta HSD2

Answer 25

apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME)

Question 26

can cortisol bind MR?

Answer 26

yup

Question 27

XY; ambiguous genitalia, undescended testes

Answer 27

17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency

Question 28

XX, lack secondary sexual development

Answer 28

17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency

Question 29

XX infants with male genitalia, salt wasting crisis, children with precocious puberty, incr in 17-OH progesterone

Answer 29

21 hydroxylase deficiency

Question 30

virilization, incr DOC levels, no salt wasting

Answer 30

11 beta hydroxylase deficiency

Question 31

when would you have a 50% reduction in cortisol and ACTH with a dexamethasone suppression test?

Answer 31

pit hypersecretion of ACTH

Question 32

what is the rate limiting step of catecholamine biosynthesis?

Answer 32

tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 33

what enzyme converts NE to Epi?

Answer 33

PNMT

Question 34

what does COMT convert NE into?

Answer 34

normetanephrine

Question 35

what converts normetanphrine and metaneprhine into VMA?

Answer 35

MAO

Question 36

what does COMT convert epi into?

Answer 36

metanephrine

Question 37

____has a greater effect on activation of alpha receptors

Answer 37

NE

Question 38

____has a greater effect on activation of beta receptors

Answer 38

epi