thyroid gland Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Where is the thyroid gland located?
A) C3-C7
B) C5-T1
C) T2-T5
D) C1-C4

Answer: B) C5-T1

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What structure connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
A) Isthmus
B) Parathyroid gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Thymus

Answer: A) Isthmus

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What is the approximate weight of the thyroid gland?
A) 10g
B) 15g
C) 25g
D) 40g

Answer: C) 25g

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Which fascia covers the thyroid gland?
A) Superficial fascia
B) Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
C) Thoracolumbar fascia
D) Endothoracic fascia

Answer: B) Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

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Which muscle is not a lateral relation of the thyroid gland?
A) Sternothyroid
B) Sternohyoid
C) Omohyoid (superior belly)
D) Trapezius

Answer: D) Trapezius

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Which nerve is a medial relation of the thyroid gland?
A) Phrenic nerve
B) External laryngeal nerve
C) Vagus nerve
D) Sympathetic chain

Answer: B) External laryngeal nerve

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Which of the following is not a medial relation of the thyroid gland?
A) Larynx
B) Trachea
C) Esophagus
D) Carotid sheath

Answer: D) Carotid sheath

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Which structure is a posterolateral relation of the thyroid gland?
A) Recurrent laryngeal nerve
B) Carotid sheath
C) Omohyoid
D) Sternohyoid

Answer: B) Carotid sheath

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Which artery supplies the posterior border of the thyroid gland?
A) Superior thyroid artery
B) Inferior thyroid artery
C) Common carotid artery
D) External carotid artery

Answer: B) Inferior thyroid artery

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What is the location of the thyroid gland in relation to the trachea?
A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Lateral
D) Inferior

Answer: A) Anterior

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Which endocrine gland is located near the thyroid gland and is responsible for calcium regulation?
A) Thymus
B) Adrenal gland
C) Parathyroid gland
D) Pituitary gland

Answer: C) Parathyroid gland

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Which layer of fascia is superficial to the thyroid gland?
A) Prevertebral fascia
B) Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
C) Superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
D) Endothoracic fascia

Answer: C) Superficial layer of deep cervical fascia

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The posterior branch of which artery supplies the thyroid gland?
A) Superior thyroid artery
B) Inferior thyroid artery
C) Vertebral artery
D) Common carotid artery

Answer: A) Superior thyroid artery

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Which artery supplies the superior part of the thyroid gland?
A) Inferior thyroid artery
B) Superior thyroid artery
C) Common carotid artery
D) Brachiocephalic artery

Answer: B) Superior thyroid artery

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The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of which artery?
A) Subclavian artery
B) External carotid artery
C) Thyrocervical trunk
D) Internal carotid artery

Answer: C) Thyrocervical trunk

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Which vein drains into the brachiocephalic vein?
A) Superior thyroid vein
B) Inferior thyroid vein
C) Middle thyroid vein
D) External jugular vein

Answer: B) Inferior thyroid vein

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The superior and middle thyroid veins drain into which larger vein?
A) Subclavian vein
B) Internal jugular vein
C) External jugular vein
D) Brachiocephalic vein

Answer: B) Internal jugular vein

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Which nerve is associated with the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
A) Phrenic nerve
B) Vagus nerve
C) Hypoglossal nerve
D) Facial nerve

Answer: B) Vagus nerve

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The lymphatic drainage of the thyroid follows which sequence?
A) Prelaryngeal → Pretracheal → Paratracheal → Mediastinal nodes
B) Paratracheal → Prelaryngeal → Pretracheal → Mediastinal nodes
C) Mediastinal → Prelaryngeal → Pretracheal → Paratracheal nodes
D) Pretracheal → Prelaryngeal → Mediastinal → Paratracheal nodes

Answer: A) Prelaryngeal → Pretracheal → Paratracheal → Mediastinal nodes

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Which hormone is not primarily secreted by the thyroid gland?
A) T3 (Tri-iodothyronine)
B) T4 (Thyroxine)
C) Calcitonin
D) Parathyroid hormone

Answer: D) Parathyroid hormone

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What is the function of calcitonin?
A) Increases calcium levels in the blood
B) Decreases calcium levels in the blood
C) Increases glucose levels
D) Regulates sodium balance

Answer: B) Decreases calcium levels in the blood

What condition results from excessive thyroid hormone production?
A) Hypothyroidism
B) Hyperthyroidism
C) Goiter
D) Hashimoto’s disease

Answer: B) Hyperthyroidism

Which of the following is not a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
A) Sensitivity to heat
B) Hyperactivity
C) Excessive eating
D) Weight gain

Answer: D) Weight gain

A goiter is typically caused by which condition?
A) Excess calcium
B) Iodine deficiency
C) Parathyroid dysfunction
D) Excess cortisol

Answer: B) Iodine deficiency

What is the function of the parathyroid gland? A) Regulates sodium levels B) Produces thyroid hormones C) Regulates calcium levels D) Produces adrenaline

Answer: C) Regulates calcium levels

What is not a characteristic of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands? A) Small yellowish bodies B) Enclosed in renal fascia C) Directly attached to the kidney D) Surrounded by perinephric fat

Answer: C) Directly attached to the kidney

What is the typical size of the parathyroid gland? A) 3x2x5 cm B) 3x2x5 mm C) 5x3x1 cm D) 10x5x3 mm

Answer: B) 3x2x5 mm

The right adrenal gland has what shape? A) Semilunar B) Triangular C) Irregular tetrahedron D) Circular

Answer: C) Irregular tetrahedron

What is the total weight of the adrenal glands in an adult? A) 5g B) 10g C) 50g D) 25g

Answer: A) 5g

Which nerves do not supply the parathyroid gland? A) Superior cervical ganglion B) Middle cervical ganglion C) Inferior cervical ganglion D) Vagus nerve

Answer: C) Inferior cervical ganglion

Which structure is posterior to the right suprarenal gland? A) Inferior vena cava B) Duodenum C) Liver D) Coeliac ganglion

Answer: A) Inferior vena cava

The right suprarenal gland is anterior to which structure? A) Inferior vena cava B) Right hepatic lobe C) Diaphragm D) Duodenum

Answer: C) Diaphragm

The base of the right suprarenal gland is located: A) Superior in position B) Inferior in position C) Posterior to the liver D) Lateral to the inferior vena cava

Answer: B) Inferior in position

The right suprarenal gland overlaps which part of the kidney? A) Inferior pole B) Medial border of the superior pole C) Lateral border of the superior pole D) Inferior border of the kidney

Answer: B) Medial border of the superior pole

The medial, narrow, vertical area of the anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland is: A) Covered by peritoneum B) Posterior to the inferior vena cava C) In contact with the liver D) Overlapped by the duodenum

Answer: B) Posterior to the inferior vena cava

The lateral triangular area of the anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland is in contact with: A) Inferior vena cava B) Coeliac ganglion C) Liver D) Duodenum

Answer: C) Liver

The upper part of the lateral triangular area of the right suprarenal gland is: A) Covered by peritoneum B) In contact with the liver's bare area C) Overlapped by the duodenum D) In direct contact with the diaphragm

Answer: B) In contact with the liver's bare area

The inferior part of the anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland is: A) Covered by peritoneum B) In contact with the diaphragm C) Posterior to the inferior vena cava D) Adjacent to the celiac ganglion

Answer: A) Covered by peritoneum

Which ligament reflects the peritoneum onto the right suprarenal gland? A) Falciform ligament B) Coronary ligament C) Round ligament D) Hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer: B) Coronary ligament

Which organ overlaps the inferior part of the anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland? A) Duodenum B) Pancreas C) Stomach D) Spleen

Answer: A) Duodenum

Which structures pass through the hilum of the right suprarenal gland? A) Superior mesenteric vein and artery B) Right suprarenal vein and suprarenal arteries C) Common bile duct and hepatic artery D) Renal vein and renal artery

Answer: B) Right suprarenal vein and suprarenal arteries

The hilum of the right suprarenal gland is located: A) On the posterior surface B) On the anterior surface C) On the superior border D) On the inferior border

Answer: B) On the anterior surface

The posterior surface of the right suprarenal gland is in contact with: A) Liver B) Inferior vena cava C) Diaphragm D) Duodenum

Answer: C) Diaphragm

The medial border of the right suprarenal gland is related to: A) Inferior phrenic artery and coeliac ganglion B) Superior mesenteric artery and vein C) Pancreas and spleen D) Portal vein and common bile duct

Answer: A) Inferior phrenic artery and coeliac ganglion

What is the shape of the left suprarenal gland? A) Triangular B) Semilunar C) Circular D) Irregular tetrahedron

Answer: B) Semilunar

The inferior area of the anterior surface of the left suprarenal gland is in contact with: A) Inferior vena cava B) Pancreas and splenic artery C) Left kidney D) Duodenum and bile duct

Answer: B) Pancreas and splenic artery

The hilum of the left suprarenal gland faces: A) Dorsally B) Ventrocaudally C) Anterosuperiorly D) Medially

Answer: B) Ventrocaudally

Which blood vessels enter the hilum of the left suprarenal gland? A) Left renal artery and vein B) Left inferior phrenic vein and artery C) Left superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries D) Splenic artery and vein

Answer: C) Left superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries

The superior area of the anterior surface of the left suprarenal gland is covered by: A) Renal fascia B) Peritoneum of the omental bursa C) Liver D) Duodenum

Answer: B) Peritoneum of the omental bursa

The left suprarenal vein emerges from the: A) Upper end of the gland B) Middle of the gland C) Lower end of the gland D) Hilum of the pancreas

Answer: C) Lower end of the gland