thyroid gland Flashcards
Where is the thyroid gland located?
A) C3-C7
B) C5-T1
C) T2-T5
D) C1-C4
Answer: B) C5-T1
What structure connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
A) Isthmus
B) Parathyroid gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Thymus
Answer: A) Isthmus
What is the approximate weight of the thyroid gland?
A) 10g
B) 15g
C) 25g
D) 40g
Answer: C) 25g
Which fascia covers the thyroid gland?
A) Superficial fascia
B) Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
C) Thoracolumbar fascia
D) Endothoracic fascia
Answer: B) Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
Which muscle is not a lateral relation of the thyroid gland?
A) Sternothyroid
B) Sternohyoid
C) Omohyoid (superior belly)
D) Trapezius
Answer: D) Trapezius
Which nerve is a medial relation of the thyroid gland?
A) Phrenic nerve
B) External laryngeal nerve
C) Vagus nerve
D) Sympathetic chain
Answer: B) External laryngeal nerve
Which of the following is not a medial relation of the thyroid gland?
A) Larynx
B) Trachea
C) Esophagus
D) Carotid sheath
Answer: D) Carotid sheath
Which structure is a posterolateral relation of the thyroid gland?
A) Recurrent laryngeal nerve
B) Carotid sheath
C) Omohyoid
D) Sternohyoid
Answer: B) Carotid sheath
Which artery supplies the posterior border of the thyroid gland?
A) Superior thyroid artery
B) Inferior thyroid artery
C) Common carotid artery
D) External carotid artery
Answer: B) Inferior thyroid artery
What is the location of the thyroid gland in relation to the trachea?
A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Lateral
D) Inferior
Answer: A) Anterior
Which endocrine gland is located near the thyroid gland and is responsible for calcium regulation?
A) Thymus
B) Adrenal gland
C) Parathyroid gland
D) Pituitary gland
Answer: C) Parathyroid gland
Which layer of fascia is superficial to the thyroid gland?
A) Prevertebral fascia
B) Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
C) Superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
D) Endothoracic fascia
Answer: C) Superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
The posterior branch of which artery supplies the thyroid gland?
A) Superior thyroid artery
B) Inferior thyroid artery
C) Vertebral artery
D) Common carotid artery
Answer: A) Superior thyroid artery
Which artery supplies the superior part of the thyroid gland?
A) Inferior thyroid artery
B) Superior thyroid artery
C) Common carotid artery
D) Brachiocephalic artery
Answer: B) Superior thyroid artery
The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of which artery?
A) Subclavian artery
B) External carotid artery
C) Thyrocervical trunk
D) Internal carotid artery
Answer: C) Thyrocervical trunk
Which vein drains into the brachiocephalic vein?
A) Superior thyroid vein
B) Inferior thyroid vein
C) Middle thyroid vein
D) External jugular vein
Answer: B) Inferior thyroid vein
The superior and middle thyroid veins drain into which larger vein?
A) Subclavian vein
B) Internal jugular vein
C) External jugular vein
D) Brachiocephalic vein
Answer: B) Internal jugular vein
Which nerve is associated with the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
A) Phrenic nerve
B) Vagus nerve
C) Hypoglossal nerve
D) Facial nerve
Answer: B) Vagus nerve
The lymphatic drainage of the thyroid follows which sequence?
A) Prelaryngeal → Pretracheal → Paratracheal → Mediastinal nodes
B) Paratracheal → Prelaryngeal → Pretracheal → Mediastinal nodes
C) Mediastinal → Prelaryngeal → Pretracheal → Paratracheal nodes
D) Pretracheal → Prelaryngeal → Mediastinal → Paratracheal nodes
Answer: A) Prelaryngeal → Pretracheal → Paratracheal → Mediastinal nodes
Which hormone is not primarily secreted by the thyroid gland?
A) T3 (Tri-iodothyronine)
B) T4 (Thyroxine)
C) Calcitonin
D) Parathyroid hormone
Answer: D) Parathyroid hormone
What is the function of calcitonin?
A) Increases calcium levels in the blood
B) Decreases calcium levels in the blood
C) Increases glucose levels
D) Regulates sodium balance
Answer: B) Decreases calcium levels in the blood
What condition results from excessive thyroid hormone production?
A) Hypothyroidism
B) Hyperthyroidism
C) Goiter
D) Hashimoto’s disease
Answer: B) Hyperthyroidism
Which of the following is not a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
A) Sensitivity to heat
B) Hyperactivity
C) Excessive eating
D) Weight gain
Answer: D) Weight gain
A goiter is typically caused by which condition?
A) Excess calcium
B) Iodine deficiency
C) Parathyroid dysfunction
D) Excess cortisol
Answer: B) Iodine deficiency
What is the function of the parathyroid gland?
A) Regulates sodium levels
B) Produces thyroid hormones
C) Regulates calcium levels
D) Produces adrenaline
Answer: C) Regulates calcium levels
What is not a characteristic of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands?
A) Small yellowish bodies
B) Enclosed in renal fascia
C) Directly attached to the kidney
D) Surrounded by perinephric fat
Answer: C) Directly attached to the kidney
What is the typical size of the parathyroid gland?
A) 3x2x5 cm
B) 3x2x5 mm
C) 5x3x1 cm
D) 10x5x3 mm
Answer: B) 3x2x5 mm
The right adrenal gland has what shape?
A) Semilunar
B) Triangular
C) Irregular tetrahedron
D) Circular
Answer: C) Irregular tetrahedron
What is the total weight of the adrenal glands in an adult?
A) 5g
B) 10g
C) 50g
D) 25g
Answer: A) 5g
Which nerves do not supply the parathyroid gland?
A) Superior cervical ganglion
B) Middle cervical ganglion
C) Inferior cervical ganglion
D) Vagus nerve
Answer: C) Inferior cervical ganglion
Which structure is posterior to the right suprarenal gland?
A) Inferior vena cava
B) Duodenum
C) Liver
D) Coeliac ganglion
Answer: A) Inferior vena cava
The right suprarenal gland is anterior to which structure?
A) Inferior vena cava
B) Right hepatic lobe
C) Diaphragm
D) Duodenum
Answer: C) Diaphragm
The base of the right suprarenal gland is located:
A) Superior in position
B) Inferior in position
C) Posterior to the liver
D) Lateral to the inferior vena cava
Answer: B) Inferior in position
The right suprarenal gland overlaps which part of the kidney?
A) Inferior pole
B) Medial border of the superior pole
C) Lateral border of the superior pole
D) Inferior border of the kidney
Answer: B) Medial border of the superior pole
The medial, narrow, vertical area of the anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland is:
A) Covered by peritoneum
B) Posterior to the inferior vena cava
C) In contact with the liver
D) Overlapped by the duodenum
Answer: B) Posterior to the inferior vena cava
The lateral triangular area of the anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland is in contact with:
A) Inferior vena cava
B) Coeliac ganglion
C) Liver
D) Duodenum
Answer: C) Liver
The upper part of the lateral triangular area of the right suprarenal gland is:
A) Covered by peritoneum
B) In contact with the liver’s bare area
C) Overlapped by the duodenum
D) In direct contact with the diaphragm
Answer: B) In contact with the liver’s bare area
The inferior part of the anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland is:
A) Covered by peritoneum
B) In contact with the diaphragm
C) Posterior to the inferior vena cava
D) Adjacent to the celiac ganglion
Answer: A) Covered by peritoneum
Which ligament reflects the peritoneum onto the right suprarenal gland?
A) Falciform ligament
B) Coronary ligament
C) Round ligament
D) Hepatoduodenal ligament
Answer: B) Coronary ligament
Which organ overlaps the inferior part of the anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland?
A) Duodenum
B) Pancreas
C) Stomach
D) Spleen
Answer: A) Duodenum
Which structures pass through the hilum of the right suprarenal gland?
A) Superior mesenteric vein and artery
B) Right suprarenal vein and suprarenal arteries
C) Common bile duct and hepatic artery
D) Renal vein and renal artery
Answer: B) Right suprarenal vein and suprarenal arteries
The hilum of the right suprarenal gland is located:
A) On the posterior surface
B) On the anterior surface
C) On the superior border
D) On the inferior border
Answer: B) On the anterior surface
The posterior surface of the right suprarenal gland is in contact with:
A) Liver
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Diaphragm
D) Duodenum
Answer: C) Diaphragm
The medial border of the right suprarenal gland is related to:
A) Inferior phrenic artery and coeliac ganglion
B) Superior mesenteric artery and vein
C) Pancreas and spleen
D) Portal vein and common bile duct
Answer: A) Inferior phrenic artery and coeliac ganglion
What is the shape of the left suprarenal gland?
A) Triangular
B) Semilunar
C) Circular
D) Irregular tetrahedron
Answer: B) Semilunar
The inferior area of the anterior surface of the left suprarenal gland is in contact with:
A) Inferior vena cava
B) Pancreas and splenic artery
C) Left kidney
D) Duodenum and bile duct
Answer: B) Pancreas and splenic artery
The hilum of the left suprarenal gland faces:
A) Dorsally
B) Ventrocaudally
C) Anterosuperiorly
D) Medially
Answer: B) Ventrocaudally
Which blood vessels enter the hilum of the left suprarenal gland?
A) Left renal artery and vein
B) Left inferior phrenic vein and artery
C) Left superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries
D) Splenic artery and vein
Answer: C) Left superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries
The superior area of the anterior surface of the left suprarenal gland is covered by:
A) Renal fascia
B) Peritoneum of the omental bursa
C) Liver
D) Duodenum
Answer: B) Peritoneum of the omental bursa
The left suprarenal vein emerges from the:
A) Upper end of the gland
B) Middle of the gland
C) Lower end of the gland
D) Hilum of the pancreas
Answer: C) Lower end of the gland
