Pelvis and perineum Flashcards
The pelvis is divided into which two major regions?
A) Pelvis Major and Pelvis Minor
B) Pelvis Superior and Pelvis Inferior
C) Greater Pelvis and Lesser Pelvis
D) Pelvic Inlet and Pelvic Outlet
Answer: A) Pelvis Major and Pelvis Minor
What is the term for the opening formed by the pelvic brim?
A) Pelvic Outlet
B) Pelvic Inlet
C) Pelvic Axis
D) Pelvic Diaphragm
Answer: B) Pelvic Inlet
Which of the following is NOT a component of the pelvis?
A) Sacrum
B) Coccyx
C) Sternum
D) Hip bones (coxae)
Answer: C) Sternum
Which of the following is used to measure the pelvic inlet clinically?
A) Obstetric conjugate
B) Transverse diameter
C) Diagonal conjugate
D) Anteroposterior true conjugate
Answer: C) Diagonal conjugate
Which structure forms the posterior boundary of the pelvic inlet?
A) Pubic symphysis
B) Sacral promontory
C) Ischial tuberosities
D) Arcuate line of ileum
Answer: B) Sacral promontory
Which of the following is NOT a boundary of the pelvic outlet?
A) Coccyx
B) Sacrum
C) Ischial tuberosities
D) Linea terminalis
Answer: D) Linea terminalis
What does the pelvic diaphragm close in the pelvis?
A) Pelvic inlet
B) Pelvic outlet
C) Pelvic axis
D) Pelvic cavity
Answer: B) Pelvic outlet
What is the typical measurement range for the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet in females?
A) 10-12 cm
B) 9-11 cm
C) 12-13 cm
D) 11-15 cm
Answer: B) 9-11 cm
What is the term for the imaginary line joining the center points of each plane of the pelvis?
A) Pelvic inlet
B) Pelvic outlet
C) Pelvic axis
D) Pelvic brim
Answer: C) Pelvic axis
Which of the following is a boundary of the pelvic inlet?
A) Coccyx
B) Pubic symphysis
C) Ischial tuberosities
D) Sacrotuberous ligaments
Answer: B) Pubic symphysis
What is the average transverse diameter (CD) of the pelvic inlet?
A) 10-12 cm
B) 12-13 cm
C) 12.5 cm
D) 11.5 cm
Answer: B) 12-13 cm
What is the transverse line between the anterior superior iliac spines used to measure?
A) Pelvic inlet diameter
B) Pelvic outlet diameter
C) Pelvic axis
D) The distance between the iliac bones
Answer: D) The distance between the iliac bones
Which of the following pelvic diameters measures 11.5 cm on average?
A) Oblique diameter (AB)
B) Conjugate diameter (EF)
C) Transverse diameter (CD)
D) Anteroposterior diameter (AP)
Answer: B) Conjugate diameter (EF)
What is the main difference between the male and female subpubic angle?
A) The male subpubic angle is broader
B) The female subpubic angle is broader
C) The male subpubic angle is less than 50 degrees
D) The female subpubic angle is narrower
Answer: B) The female subpubic angle is broader
What is the approximate measurement of the oblique diameter (AB) of the pelvic inlet?
A) 9-11 cm
B) 12.5 cm
C) 10-12 cm
D) 12-13 cm
Answer: B) 12.5 cm
Which of the following is a characteristic of the female pelvis?
A) Narrower and deeper
B) Has a more curved sacrum
C) Ischial tuberosities are closer together
D) Broader sacrum and wider hips
Answer: D) Broader sacrum and wider hips
What structure forms the roof of the ischio-rectal fossa?
A) Urogenital diaphragm
B) Levator ani
C) Coccygeus
D) Pelvic diaphragm
Answer: D) Pelvic diaphragm
Which of the following structures closes the anterior half of the inferior pelvic aperture in females?
A) Levator ani
B) Urogenital diaphragm
C) Coccygeus
D) Ischio-rectal fossa
Answer: B) Urogenital diaphragm
Where is the pudendal canal (Alcock’s Canal) located?
A) In the posterior border of the ischio-rectal fossa
B) In the anterior pelvic cavity
C) In the urogenital diaphragm
D) In the pelvic diaphragm
Answer: A) In the posterior border of the ischio-rectal fossa
What is the primary content of the ischio-rectal fossa?
A) Bladder and rectum
B) Fat, internal pudendal vessels, and pudendal nerve
C) Uterus and ovaries
D) Pelvic diaphragm and levator ani
Answer: B) Fat, internal pudendal vessels, and pudendal nerve
What forms the lateral boundary of the ischio-rectal fossa?
A) Sacrotuberous ligament
B) Rectum and anal canal
C) Ischium
D) Urogenital diaphragm
Answer: C) Ischium
Which of the following describes the position of the urogenital diaphragm in the pelvic cavity?
A) Superior to the pelvic diaphragm
B) At the anterior half of the pelvic outlet and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
C) At the posterior boundary of the pelvic outlet
D) Located within the ischio-rectal fossa
Answer: B) At the anterior half of the pelvic outlet and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
What is the anterior boundary of the ischio-rectal fossa?
A) Levator ani
B) Urogenital diaphragm
C) Coccygeus
D) Sacrotuberous ligament
Answer: B) Urogenital diaphragm
What structures are contained within the pudendal canal (Alcock’s Canal)?
A) Rectum and anal canal
B) Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
C) Sacrotuberous ligament and gluteus maximus
D) Levator ani and coccygeus
Answer: B) Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
Where does the pudendal nerve emerge from?
A) Pelvic diaphragm
B) Pudendal canal, at the ischial tuberosity
C) Urogenital diaphragm
D) Sacral promontory
Answer: B) Pudendal canal, at the ischial tuberosity
Which nerve branch does the pudendal nerve give off to innervate the external genital organs?
A) Perineal nerve
B) Sciatic nerve
C) Obturator nerve
D) Femoral nerve
Answer: A) Perineal nerve
Which of the following is the deepest muscle layer of the perineum?
A) Levator ani
B) Superficial perineal space
C) Urogenital diaphragm
D) Inferior fascia of the urogenital membrane
Answer: A) Levator ani
What structure is immediately superior to the urogenital diaphragm in the perineum?
A) Levator ani
B) Inferior fascia of the urogenital membrane
C) Superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
D) Superficial perineal space
Answer: C) Superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
Which nerve primarily innervates most of the perineum?
A) Femoral nerve
B) Pudendal nerve
C) Obturator nerve
D) Vagus nerve
Answer: B) Pudendal nerve
What is the main function of the pudendal nerve block in perineal anesthesia?
A) Blocks pelvic diaphragm movement
B) Provides anesthesia to the perineum, including external genital organs
C) Relieves pain in the coccyx
D) Relieves pain in the pelvis from the sacral nerves
Answer: B) Provides anesthesia to the perineum, including external genital organs
