kidneys and ureter Flashcards
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
A) Regulating body temperature
B) Producing red blood cells
C) Removing excess water, salts, and metabolic waste while maintaining pH
D) Assisting in digestion
Answer: C) Removing excess water, salts, and metabolic waste while maintaining pH
What is the approximate weight of a male kidney?
A) 100g
B) 125g
C) 150g
D) 175g
Answer: C) 150g
The kidneys are located against which muscle?
A) Quadratus lumborum
B) Rectus abdominis
C) Psoas major
D) External oblique
Answer: C) Psoas major
Which structures are part of the urinary system?
A) Kidneys and ureters
B) Urinary bladder and urethra
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
Answer: C) Both A and B
At what anatomical plane are the kidneys located?
A) Subcostal plane
B) Transpyloric plane
C) Supracristal plane
D) Intertubercular plane
Answer: B) Transpyloric plane
The kidneys extend between which vertebral levels?
A) T12 - L3
B) L1 - L5
C) T10 - L2
D) T8 - L1
Answer: A) T12 - L3
What is the approximate size of an adult kidney?
A) 5cm x 3cm x 2cm
B) 11cm x 6cm x 3cm
C) 15cm x 7cm x 5cm
D) 8cm x 4cm x 3cm
Answer: B) 11cm x 6cm x 3cm
How far is the kidney from the midline?
A) 1 cm
B) 2 cm
C) 2.5 cm
D) 5 cm
Answer: C) 2.5 cm
What is the approximate weight of a female kidney?
A) 120g
B) 135g
C) 160g
D) 140g
Answer: B) 135g
Which layer is closest to the kidney?
A) Pararenal fat
B) Renal fascia
C) Adipose capsule
D) Fibrous capsule
Answer: D) Fibrous capsule
What is the function of the deep layer of the renal capsule?
A) Stores urine
B) Lines the renal sinus and continues with calyces walls
C) Filters blood
D) Produces hormones
Answer: B) Lines the renal sinus and continues with calyces walls
What surrounds the renal capsule?
A) Fibrous capsule
B) Pararenal fat
C) Adipose capsule (perirenal fat)
D) Renal pelvis
Answer: C) Adipose capsule (perirenal fat)
Where is the adipose capsule thickest?
A) Anterior side
B) Posterior side
C) Superior side
D) Inferior side
Answer: B) Posterior side
The renal fascia encloses which structures?
A) Only the kidneys
B) The kidneys and suprarenal gland
C) The kidneys and liver
D) The kidneys and pancreas
Answer: B) The kidneys and suprarenal gland
The renal fascia is a continuation of which fascia?
A) Thoracolumbar fascia
B) Subperitoneal fascia
C) Transversalis fascia
D) Iliac fascia
Answer: B) Subperitoneal fascia
Where does the posterior lamina of the renal fascia continue?
A) With the fascia of psoas major medially and transversalis fascia laterally
B) Into the peritoneal cavity
C) Along the diaphragm only
D) Into the renal pelvis
Answer: A) With the fascia of psoas major medially and transversalis fascia laterally
Where is urine filtered in the kidney?
A) Medulla
B) Bowman’s capsule in the cortex
C) Renal pelvis
D) Collecting duct
Answer: B) Bowman’s capsule in the cortex
What is the function of the medulla in the kidney?
A) Filtering urine
B) Collecting urine
C) Producing red blood cells
D) Regulating pH balance
Answer: B) Collecting urine
What structures are found between two Malpighi pyramids?
A) Stria medullaris
B) Renal columns
C) Collecting ducts
D) Glomeruli
Answer: B) Renal columns
What is another name for the stria medullaris?
A) Malpighi pyramid
B) Renal column
C) Ferrein’s pyramid (medullary ray)
D) Collecting tubule
Answer: C) Ferrein’s pyramid (medullary ray)
What is the space within the kidney that contains vessels, nerves, and adipose tissue?
A) Renal cortex
B) Renal sinus
C) Medullary ray
D) Bowman’s capsule
Answer: B) Renal sinus
What are the small funnel-shaped structures that first receive urine from the renal pyramids?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Minor calyx
C) Major calyx
D) Medullary rays
Answer: B) Minor calyx
What is formed by the merging of minor calyces?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Major calyx
C) Ureter
D) Medulla
Answer: B) Major calyx
Which structure collects urine before it exits the kidney?
A) Ureter
B) Renal pelvis
C) Collecting ducts
D) Bowman’s capsule
Answer: B) Renal pelvis
At what level does the renal artery originate from the abdominal aorta?
A) T12-L1
B) L1-L2 intervertebral disc
C) L2-L3
D) T10-T11
Answer: B) L1-L2 intervertebral disc
What holds the kidneys in place?
A) Renal fascia and renal arteries
B) Ureter and renal veins
C) Collecting ducts and renal pelvis
D) Adipose tissue alone
Answer: A) Renal fascia and renal arteries
Which is the first branch of the renal artery?
A) Interlobular artery
B) Arcuate artery
C) Segmental artery
D) Capsular branches
Answer: C) Segmental artery
What type of arteries branch from the arcuate arteries?
A) Segmental arteries
B) Interlobar arteries
C) Interlobular (cortical radiate) arteries
D) Renal arteries
Answer: C) Interlobular (cortical radiate) arteries
What artery supplies blood to the glomerulus?
A) Interlobular artery
B) Afferent glomerular artery
C) Efferent glomerular artery
D) Arcuate artery
Answer: B) Afferent glomerular artery
What does a cortical lobule (renal lobule) consist of?
A) A group of nephrons surrounding a medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct
B) A single renal pyramid and its surrounding cortex
C) A collection of renal corpuscles
D) A single interlobular artery and associated capillaries
Answer: A) A group of nephrons surrounding a medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct
Which nerve plexus supplies the kidneys?
A) Celiac plexus
B) Hypogastric plexus
C) Renal nerve plexus
D) Inferior mesenteric plexus
Answer: C) Renal nerve plexus
The aorticorenal ganglion is associated with which nerve plexus?
A) Celiac plexus
B) Renal nerve plexus
C) Inferior hypogastric plexus
D) Sacral plexus
Answer: B) Renal nerve plexus
Which nerve contributes to the sympathetic innervation of the kidneys?
A) Greater splanchnic nerve
B) Lesser splanchnic nerve
C) Least splanchnic nerve
D) Pudendal nerve
Answer: C) Least splanchnic nerve
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on renal blood flow?
A) Increases blood flow and filtration
B) Constricts vessels and reduces filtration
C) No effect on blood flow
D) Dilates vessels and increases urine production
Answer: B) Constricts vessels and reduces filtration
Which cranial nerve is involved in the parasympathetic innervation of the kidneys?
A) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
C) Vagus nerve (CN X)
D) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Answer: C) Vagus nerve (CN X)
Which structures are part of the upper urinary system?
A) Urinary bladder and urethra
B) Ureters and urinary bladder
C) Renal calyces, renal pelvis, and ureter
D) Urethra and renal pelvis
Answer: C) Renal calyces, renal pelvis, and ureter
The ureters are classified as which type of structure?
A) Intraperitoneal
B) Retroperitoneal
C) Subperitoneal
D) Extrapelvic
Answer: B) Retroperitoneal
What is the approximate length of the ureters?
A) 10-15 cm
B) 20-25 cm
C) 25-30 cm
D) 35-40 cm
Answer: C) 25-30 cm
Which structures are part of the lower urinary system?
A) Kidneys and ureters
B) Renal pelvis and bladder
C) Urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters
D) Renal calyces and collecting ducts
Answer: C) Urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters
What are the three parts of the ureter?
A) Thoracic, abdominal, intrapelvic
B) Abdominal, pelvic, intramural
C) Renal, vesical, perineal
D) Lumbar, sacral, perineal
Answer: B) Abdominal, pelvic, intramural
Which part of the ureter is approximately 2 cm long?
A) Abdominal part
B) Pelvic part
C) Intramural part
D) Ureteropelvic junction
Answer: C) Intramural part
Where are normal constrictions of the ureter found?
A) At the renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal sinus
B) At the ureteropelvic junction, pelvic brim, and bladder wall
C) At the renal pelvis, renal artery, and inferior vena cava
D) At the renal fascia, diaphragm, and psoas major
Answer: B) At the ureteropelvic junction, pelvic brim, and bladder wall
Which of the following is a common site for ureteric stone obstruction?
A) Renal cortex
B) Renal column
C) Ureteropelvic junction
D) Medullary rays
Answer: C) Ureteropelvic junction
The right ureter is anteriorly related to which structures?
A) Descending duodenum, right colic, and iliocolic vessels
B) Jejunum and left colic vessels
C) Pancreas and splenic artery
D) Inferior vena cava and left renal vein
Answer: A) Descending duodenum, right colic, and iliocolic vessels
In females, what structure is closely related to the ureters within the pelvis?
A) Uterus
B) Ovaries
C) Vagina
D) Bladder
Answer: B) Ovaries
During surgery related to which organ should the ureters be carefully considered to avoid damage?
A) Vagina
B) Ovaries
C) Uterus
D) Bladder
Answer: B) Ovaries
What is the term used to describe the relationship of the ureters crossing the uterine arteries in females?
A) “Water under the bridge”
B) “Bridge over water”
C) “Arch under the sun”
D) “Uterine crossing”
Answer: A) “Water under the bridge”
In males, the vas deferens crosses which structure anteriorly?
A) Urethra
B) Ureters
C) Bladder
D) Rectum
Answer: B) Ureters
Where do the ureters cross the uterine arteries in females?
A) At the cervix
B) Posteriorly, about 2 cm superior to the ischial spine
C) At the uterine body
D) Near the bladder
Answer: B) Posteriorly, about 2 cm superior to the ischial spine
Which artery supplies blood to the ureters?
A) Renal artery
B) Internal iliac artery
C) Testicular (ovarian) artery
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
