kidneys and ureter

Question 1

What is the primary function of the urinary system?
A) Regulating body temperature
B) Producing red blood cells
C) Removing excess water, salts, and metabolic waste while maintaining pH
D) Assisting in digestion

Answer 1

Answer: C) Removing excess water, salts, and metabolic waste while maintaining pH

Question 2

What is the approximate weight of a male kidney?
A) 100g
B) 125g
C) 150g
D) 175g

Answer 2

Answer: C) 150g

Question 3

The kidneys are located against which muscle?
A) Quadratus lumborum
B) Rectus abdominis
C) Psoas major
D) External oblique

Answer 3

Answer: C) Psoas major

Question 3

Which structures are part of the urinary system?
A) Kidneys and ureters
B) Urinary bladder and urethra
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

Answer 3

Answer: C) Both A and B

Question 3

At what anatomical plane are the kidneys located?
A) Subcostal plane
B) Transpyloric plane
C) Supracristal plane
D) Intertubercular plane

Answer 3

Answer: B) Transpyloric plane

Question 4

The kidneys extend between which vertebral levels?
A) T12 - L3
B) L1 - L5
C) T10 - L2
D) T8 - L1

Answer 4

Answer: A) T12 - L3

Question 4

What is the approximate size of an adult kidney?
A) 5cm x 3cm x 2cm
B) 11cm x 6cm x 3cm
C) 15cm x 7cm x 5cm
D) 8cm x 4cm x 3cm

Answer 4

Answer: B) 11cm x 6cm x 3cm

Question 5

How far is the kidney from the midline?
A) 1 cm
B) 2 cm
C) 2.5 cm
D) 5 cm

Answer 5

Answer: C) 2.5 cm

Question 5

What is the approximate weight of a female kidney?
A) 120g
B) 135g
C) 160g
D) 140g

Answer 5

Answer: B) 135g

Question 6

Which layer is closest to the kidney?
A) Pararenal fat
B) Renal fascia
C) Adipose capsule
D) Fibrous capsule

Answer 6

Answer: D) Fibrous capsule

Question 7

What is the function of the deep layer of the renal capsule?
A) Stores urine
B) Lines the renal sinus and continues with calyces walls
C) Filters blood
D) Produces hormones

Answer 7

Answer: B) Lines the renal sinus and continues with calyces walls

Question 8

What surrounds the renal capsule?
A) Fibrous capsule
B) Pararenal fat
C) Adipose capsule (perirenal fat)
D) Renal pelvis

Answer 8

Answer: C) Adipose capsule (perirenal fat)

Question 8

Where is the adipose capsule thickest?
A) Anterior side
B) Posterior side
C) Superior side
D) Inferior side

Answer 8

Answer: B) Posterior side

Question 9

The renal fascia encloses which structures?
A) Only the kidneys
B) The kidneys and suprarenal gland
C) The kidneys and liver
D) The kidneys and pancreas

Answer 9

Answer: B) The kidneys and suprarenal gland

Question 10

The renal fascia is a continuation of which fascia?
A) Thoracolumbar fascia
B) Subperitoneal fascia
C) Transversalis fascia
D) Iliac fascia

Answer 10

Answer: B) Subperitoneal fascia

Question 11

Where does the posterior lamina of the renal fascia continue?
A) With the fascia of psoas major medially and transversalis fascia laterally
B) Into the peritoneal cavity
C) Along the diaphragm only
D) Into the renal pelvis

Answer 11

Answer: A) With the fascia of psoas major medially and transversalis fascia laterally

Question 11

Where is urine filtered in the kidney?
A) Medulla
B) Bowman’s capsule in the cortex
C) Renal pelvis
D) Collecting duct

Answer 11

Answer: B) Bowman’s capsule in the cortex

Question 12

What is the function of the medulla in the kidney?
A) Filtering urine
B) Collecting urine
C) Producing red blood cells
D) Regulating pH balance

Answer 12

Answer: B) Collecting urine

Question 13

What structures are found between two Malpighi pyramids?
A) Stria medullaris
B) Renal columns
C) Collecting ducts
D) Glomeruli

Answer 13

Answer: B) Renal columns

Question 13

What is another name for the stria medullaris?
A) Malpighi pyramid
B) Renal column
C) Ferrein’s pyramid (medullary ray)
D) Collecting tubule

Answer 13

Answer: C) Ferrein’s pyramid (medullary ray)

Question 14

What is the space within the kidney that contains vessels, nerves, and adipose tissue?
A) Renal cortex
B) Renal sinus
C) Medullary ray
D) Bowman’s capsule

Answer 14

Answer: B) Renal sinus

Question 15

What are the small funnel-shaped structures that first receive urine from the renal pyramids?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Minor calyx
C) Major calyx
D) Medullary rays

Answer 15

Answer: B) Minor calyx

Question 16

What is formed by the merging of minor calyces?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Major calyx
C) Ureter
D) Medulla

Answer 16

Answer: B) Major calyx

Question 17

Which structure collects urine before it exits the kidney?
A) Ureter
B) Renal pelvis
C) Collecting ducts
D) Bowman’s capsule

Answer 17

Answer: B) Renal pelvis

Question 18

At what level does the renal artery originate from the abdominal aorta? A) T12-L1 B) L1-L2 intervertebral disc C) L2-L3 D) T10-T11

Answer 18

Answer: B) L1-L2 intervertebral disc

Question 19

What holds the kidneys in place? A) Renal fascia and renal arteries B) Ureter and renal veins C) Collecting ducts and renal pelvis D) Adipose tissue alone

Answer 19

Answer: A) Renal fascia and renal arteries

Question 20

Which is the first branch of the renal artery? A) Interlobular artery B) Arcuate artery C) Segmental artery D) Capsular branches

Answer 20

Answer: C) Segmental artery

Question 21

What type of arteries branch from the arcuate arteries? A) Segmental arteries B) Interlobar arteries C) Interlobular (cortical radiate) arteries D) Renal arteries

Answer 21

Answer: C) Interlobular (cortical radiate) arteries

Question 22

What artery supplies blood to the glomerulus? A) Interlobular artery B) Afferent glomerular artery C) Efferent glomerular artery D) Arcuate artery

Answer 22

Answer: B) Afferent glomerular artery

Question 23

What does a cortical lobule (renal lobule) consist of? A) A group of nephrons surrounding a medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct B) A single renal pyramid and its surrounding cortex C) A collection of renal corpuscles D) A single interlobular artery and associated capillaries

Answer 23

Answer: A) A group of nephrons surrounding a medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct

Question 24

Which nerve plexus supplies the kidneys? A) Celiac plexus B) Hypogastric plexus C) Renal nerve plexus D) Inferior mesenteric plexus

Answer 24

Answer: C) Renal nerve plexus

Question 25

The aorticorenal ganglion is associated with which nerve plexus? A) Celiac plexus B) Renal nerve plexus C) Inferior hypogastric plexus D) Sacral plexus

Answer 25

Answer: B) Renal nerve plexus

Question 26

Which nerve contributes to the sympathetic innervation of the kidneys? A) Greater splanchnic nerve B) Lesser splanchnic nerve C) Least splanchnic nerve D) Pudendal nerve

Answer 26

Answer: C) Least splanchnic nerve

Question 27

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on renal blood flow? A) Increases blood flow and filtration B) Constricts vessels and reduces filtration C) No effect on blood flow D) Dilates vessels and increases urine production

Answer 27

Answer: B) Constricts vessels and reduces filtration

Question 28

Which cranial nerve is involved in the parasympathetic innervation of the kidneys? A) Trigeminal nerve (CN V) B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) C) Vagus nerve (CN X) D) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Answer 28

Answer: C) Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 29

Which structures are part of the upper urinary system? A) Urinary bladder and urethra B) Ureters and urinary bladder C) Renal calyces, renal pelvis, and ureter D) Urethra and renal pelvis

Answer 29

Answer: C) Renal calyces, renal pelvis, and ureter

Question 30

The ureters are classified as which type of structure? A) Intraperitoneal B) Retroperitoneal C) Subperitoneal D) Extrapelvic

Answer 30

Answer: B) Retroperitoneal

Question 31

What is the approximate length of the ureters? A) 10-15 cm B) 20-25 cm C) 25-30 cm D) 35-40 cm

Answer 31

Answer: C) 25-30 cm

Question 31

Which structures are part of the lower urinary system? A) Kidneys and ureters B) Renal pelvis and bladder C) Urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters D) Renal calyces and collecting ducts

Answer 31

Answer: C) Urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters

Question 32

What are the three parts of the ureter? A) Thoracic, abdominal, intrapelvic B) Abdominal, pelvic, intramural C) Renal, vesical, perineal D) Lumbar, sacral, perineal

Answer 32

Answer: B) Abdominal, pelvic, intramural

Question 33

Which part of the ureter is approximately 2 cm long? A) Abdominal part B) Pelvic part C) Intramural part D) Ureteropelvic junction

Answer 33

Answer: C) Intramural part

Question 33

Where are normal constrictions of the ureter found? A) At the renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal sinus B) At the ureteropelvic junction, pelvic brim, and bladder wall C) At the renal pelvis, renal artery, and inferior vena cava D) At the renal fascia, diaphragm, and psoas major

Answer 33

Answer: B) At the ureteropelvic junction, pelvic brim, and bladder wall

Question 34

Which of the following is a common site for ureteric stone obstruction? A) Renal cortex B) Renal column C) Ureteropelvic junction D) Medullary rays

Answer 34

Answer: C) Ureteropelvic junction

Question 35

The right ureter is anteriorly related to which structures? A) Descending duodenum, right colic, and iliocolic vessels B) Jejunum and left colic vessels C) Pancreas and splenic artery D) Inferior vena cava and left renal vein

Answer 35

Answer: A) Descending duodenum, right colic, and iliocolic vessels

Question 36

In females, what structure is closely related to the ureters within the pelvis? A) Uterus B) Ovaries C) Vagina D) Bladder

Answer 36

Answer: B) Ovaries

Question 37

During surgery related to which organ should the ureters be carefully considered to avoid damage? A) Vagina B) Ovaries C) Uterus D) Bladder

Answer 37

Answer: B) Ovaries

Question 38

What is the term used to describe the relationship of the ureters crossing the uterine arteries in females? A) "Water under the bridge" B) "Bridge over water" C) "Arch under the sun" D) "Uterine crossing"

Answer 38

Answer: A) "Water under the bridge"

Question 39

In males, the vas deferens crosses which structure anteriorly? A) Urethra B) Ureters C) Bladder D) Rectum

Answer 39

Answer: B) Ureters

Question 39

Where do the ureters cross the uterine arteries in females? A) At the cervix B) Posteriorly, about 2 cm superior to the ischial spine C) At the uterine body D) Near the bladder

Answer 39

Answer: B) Posteriorly, about 2 cm superior to the ischial spine

Question 40

Which artery supplies blood to the ureters? A) Renal artery B) Internal iliac artery C) Testicular (ovarian) artery D) All of the above

Answer 40

Answer: D) All of the above