Urinatory System Histology Flashcards
What is the outermost layer of the kidney?
A) Cortex
B) Medulla
C) Fibrous Capsule
D) Renal pelvis
Answer: C) Fibrous Capsule
What structure is formed by the branching of the renal pelvis?
A) Renal pyramids
B) Minor calyces
C) Major calyces
D) Ureter
Answer: B) Minor calyces
Where are the tips of the renal pyramids located?
A) In the cortex
B) In the medullary rays
C) In the medulla
D) In the hilus
Answer: C) In the medulla
Which of the following structures contains the major blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels of the kidney?
A) Medulla
B) Renal columns
C) Hilus
D) Bladder
Answer: C) Hilus
What is the name of the structure that connects the kidney to the bladder?
A) Ureter
B) Renal pelvis
C) Urethra
D) Minor calyces
Answer: A) Ureter
What is the function of the renal columns (Bertini)?
A) They collect urine from the medulla.
B) They are responsible for filtering blood.
C) They are cortical tissue between renal pyramids.
D) They store urine before it is excreted.
Answer: C) They are cortical tissue between renal pyramids.
Which structure of the kidney receives urine from the minor calyces?
A) Major calyces
B) Renal pelvis
C) Medulla
D) Urethra
Answer: A) Major calyces
Which of the following statements is true about the renal pelvis?
A) It is found in the cortex.
B) It is formed by the branching of the calyces.
C) It stores urine before excretion.
D) It connects directly to the urethra.
Answer: B) It is formed by the branching of the calyces.
What are the radial extensions that run from the pyramids into the cortex called?
A) Renal columns
B) Medullary rays
C) Medullary lines or Ferrein pyramids
D) Major calyces
Answer: C) Medullary lines or Ferrein pyramids
What structure in the kidney contains the tips of the renal pyramids?
A) Medulla
B) Minor calyces
C) Renal papilla
D) Bladder
Answer: C) Renal papilla
What does the fibrous capsule of the kidney contain on its outer surface?
A) Renal pyramids
B) Medullary rays
C) Fatty tissue
D) Renal pelvis
Answer: C) Fatty tissue
What is the name of the cone-shaped structures located in the medulla of the kidney?
A) Renal columns
B) Renal pyramids
C) Papilla
D) Medullary rays
Answer: B) Renal pyramids
What is the primary function of a medullary ray in the kidney?
A) To collect urine
B) To connect the renal pelvis to the ureter
C) To run towards the medulla and surround a collecting duct
D) To filter blood
Answer: C) To run towards the medulla and surround a collecting duct
What structure is defined as a kidney pyramid and the overlying cortex?
A) Renal papilla
B) Kidney lobe
C) Kidney lobule
D) Renal calyx
Answer: B) Kidney lobe
What is the tip of a kidney pyramid called?
A) Renal sinus
B) Renal capsule
C) Renal papilla
D) Medullary ray
Answer: C) Renal papilla
What is the primary role of a calyx in the kidney?
A) It filters blood.
B) It “cups” the papilla or pyramid to collect urine.
C) It connects the kidney to the bladder.
D) It forms the boundary of the renal sinus.
Answer: B) It “cups” the papilla or pyramid to collect urine.
Where is the cortex located in the kidney?
A) On the inside
B) In the middle of the kidney
C) On the outside
D) At the base of the renal pyramid
Answer: C) On the outside
What structure is found at the renal papilla?
A) Ducts of Bellini
B) Minor calyx
C) Ureter
D) Juxtamedullary nephron
Answer: A) Ducts of Bellini
What is the primary structural unit of the kidney?
A) Renal lobe
B) Nephron
C) Medullary ray
D) Renal pelvis
Answer: B) Nephron
How many nephrons are typically found in each kidney?
A) 1-2 thousand
B) 1-2 million
C) 100,000
D) 5-10 million
Answer: B) 1-2 million
What type of nephron has a loop of Henle that does not enter the medulla?
A) Juxtamedullary nephron
B) Cortical nephron
C) Medullary nephron
D) Renal lobe nephron
Answer: B) Cortical nephron
What is characteristic of juxtamedullary nephrons?
A) They are smaller and located further from the medulla.
B) Their loop of Henle extends deep into the medulla.
C) They lack a loop of Henle.
D) They have shorter loops of Henle.
Answer: B) Their loop of Henle extends deep into the medulla.
What is formed by the axis of the kidney lobules?
A) Renal papillae
B) Collecting tubules
C) Minor calyces
D) Ureter
Answer: B) Collecting tubules
What is the renal sinus?
A) The region between the medulla and the cortex
B) The space that connects to the minor calyx
C) The outer layer of the kidney
D) The inner layer surrounding the renal pyramid
Answer: B) The space that connects to the minor calyx
What is the appearance of the outer surface of the kidney after birth?
A) It remains lobulated
B) It flattens as the kidney grows
C) It becomes more defined
D) It increases in size
Answer: B) It flattens as the kidney grows
Which type of nephron has a short loop of Henle?
A) Juxtamedullary nephron
B) Cortical nephron
C) Medullary nephron
D) Glomerular nephron
Answer: B) Cortical nephron
What defines a kidney lobule?
A) A renal pyramid and the surrounding cortex tissue
B) A collecting duct and its surrounding tubules
C) The renal pelvis and minor calyces
D) A renal column and a medullary ray
Answer: A) A renal pyramid and the surrounding cortex tissue
Where is the renal corpuscle of a cortical nephron located?
A) In the inner medulla
B) In the outer region of the cortex
C) At the junction of the cortex and medulla
D) In the renal pelvis
Answer: B) In the outer region of the cortex
How long is the loop of Henle in cortical nephrons?
A) Short, extending only into the outer medulla
B) Long, extending deep into the medulla
C) It does not have a loop of Henle
D) It is short and ends in the inner cortex
Answer: A) Short, extending only into the outer medulla
What does the efferent glomerular arteriole of a cortical nephron form?
A) Vasa recta
B) Peritubular capillary network
C) Renal columns
D) Major calyces
Answer: B) Peritubular capillary network
What is the role of the peritubular capillary network in cortical nephrons?
A) To carry blood to the renal pelvis
B) To surround the convoluted segments of the nephron
C) To form the vasa recta
D) To filter blood
Answer: B) To surround the convoluted segments of the nephron
What does a medullary ray consist of?
A) Only the collecting ducts
B) Collecting tubules and segments of the loop of Henle of cortical nephrons
C) Juxtamedullary nephrons
D) Renal pyramids
Answer: B) Collecting tubules and segments of the loop of Henle of cortical nephrons
Where is the renal corpuscle of a juxtamedullary nephron located?
A) In the outer cortex
B) Adjacent to the medulla in the cortex
C) In the renal medulla
D) In the renal pelvis
Answer: B) Adjacent to the medulla in the cortex
How long is the loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons?
A) Short, only reaching the outer medulla
B) Long, extending deep into the medulla
C) It has no loop of Henle
D) It is located only in the cortex
Answer: B) Long, extending deep into the medulla
What does the efferent glomerular arteriole of a juxtamedullary nephron form?
A) Peritubular capillary network
B) Vasa recta
C) Renal corpuscle
D) Medullary rays
Answer: B) Vasa recta
What is the primary function of the vasa recta?
A) To transport blood to the cortex
B) To form a capillary network in the medulla surrounding the loop of Henle
C) To filter blood in the renal corpuscle
D) To collect urine from the collecting ducts
Answer: B) To form a capillary network in the medulla surrounding the loop of Henle
What is the location of the convoluted part of the proximal tubule?
A) In the outer medulla
B) In the cortex
C) In the renal pelvis
D) In the inner medulla
Answer: B) In the cortex
Which part of the nephron forms the descending thick part of the loop of Henle?
A) Proximal tubule
B) Distal tubule
C) Renal corpuscle
D) Thin part of Henle
Answer: A) Proximal tubule
Where does the short straight part of the proximal tubule enter?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Inner cortex
C) Medulla
D) Juxtamedullary region
Answer: C) Medulla
Where is the distal tubule located?
A) In the inner medulla
B) In the cortex, in its convoluted form
C) In the renal pelvis
D) In the renal sinus
Answer: B) In the cortex, in its convoluted form
Where does the straight part of the Loop of Henle form the ascending thick part?
A) In the cortex
B) In the renal corpuscle
C) In the medulla
D) In the renal pelvis
Answer: C) In the medulla
What structures are found in the renal corpuscle?
A) Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
C) Ureter and renal pelvis
D) Medullary rays and collecting ducts
Answer: A) Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
What type of epithelium makes up the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule?
A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
B) Stratified squamous epithelium
C) Simple squamous epithelium
D) Columnar epithelium
Answer: C) Simple squamous epithelium
What is the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule composed of?
A) Squamous epithelium
B) Podocytes
C) Macrophages
D) Actin microfilaments
Answer: B) Podocytes
What is the primary function of podocytes in the renal corpuscle?
A) To regulate the blood flow through the glomerulus
B) To form the filtration barrier by surrounding capillaries with footlets
C) To produce urine
D) To transport blood from the afferent arteriole to the efferent arteriole
Answer: B) To form the filtration barrier by surrounding capillaries with footlets
What is the space between the parietal and visceral layers of Bowman’s capsule called?
A) Renal space
B) Bowman space
C) Medullary space
D) Urinary pole
Answer: B) Bowman space
Which structure of the renal corpuscle is responsible for the formation of the capillary tuft?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Afferent arteriole
C) Efferent arteriole
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: B) Afferent arteriole
What type of epithelium makes up the endothelium of glomerular capillaries?
A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
B) Simple squamous epithelium
C) Columnar epithelium
D) Stratified squamous epithelium
Answer: B) Simple squamous epithelium
In Goodpasture syndrome, which part of the renal corpuscle is affected?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Renal corpuscle basement membrane
C) Medullary rays
D) Loop of Henle
Answer: B) Renal corpuscle basement membrane
What is the primary characteristic of the footlets (pedicels) of podocytes?
A) They form part of the glomerular capillary
B) They regulate the width of filtration gaps
C) They form the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
D) They are involved in the reabsorption of glucose
Answer: B) They regulate the width of filtration gaps
