Urinatory System Histology

Question 1

What is the outermost layer of the kidney?
A) Cortex
B) Medulla
C) Fibrous Capsule
D) Renal pelvis

Answer 1

Answer: C) Fibrous Capsule

Question 2

What structure is formed by the branching of the renal pelvis?
A) Renal pyramids
B) Minor calyces
C) Major calyces
D) Ureter

Answer 2

Answer: B) Minor calyces

Question 3

Where are the tips of the renal pyramids located?
A) In the cortex
B) In the medullary rays
C) In the medulla
D) In the hilus

Answer 3

Answer: C) In the medulla

Question 4

Which of the following structures contains the major blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels of the kidney?
A) Medulla
B) Renal columns
C) Hilus
D) Bladder

Answer 4

Answer: C) Hilus

Question 5

What is the name of the structure that connects the kidney to the bladder?
A) Ureter
B) Renal pelvis
C) Urethra
D) Minor calyces

Answer 5

Answer: A) Ureter

Question 5

What is the function of the renal columns (Bertini)?
A) They collect urine from the medulla.
B) They are responsible for filtering blood.
C) They are cortical tissue between renal pyramids.
D) They store urine before it is excreted.

Answer 5

Answer: C) They are cortical tissue between renal pyramids.

Question 6

Which structure of the kidney receives urine from the minor calyces?
A) Major calyces
B) Renal pelvis
C) Medulla
D) Urethra

Answer 6

Answer: A) Major calyces

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about the renal pelvis?
A) It is found in the cortex.
B) It is formed by the branching of the calyces.
C) It stores urine before excretion.
D) It connects directly to the urethra.

Answer 6

Answer: B) It is formed by the branching of the calyces.

Question 7

What are the radial extensions that run from the pyramids into the cortex called?
A) Renal columns
B) Medullary rays
C) Medullary lines or Ferrein pyramids
D) Major calyces

Answer 7

Answer: C) Medullary lines or Ferrein pyramids

Question 8

What structure in the kidney contains the tips of the renal pyramids?
A) Medulla
B) Minor calyces
C) Renal papilla
D) Bladder

Answer 8

Answer: C) Renal papilla

Question 9

What does the fibrous capsule of the kidney contain on its outer surface?
A) Renal pyramids
B) Medullary rays
C) Fatty tissue
D) Renal pelvis

Answer 9

Answer: C) Fatty tissue

Question 9

What is the name of the cone-shaped structures located in the medulla of the kidney?
A) Renal columns
B) Renal pyramids
C) Papilla
D) Medullary rays

Answer 9

Answer: B) Renal pyramids

Question 10

What is the primary function of a medullary ray in the kidney?
A) To collect urine
B) To connect the renal pelvis to the ureter
C) To run towards the medulla and surround a collecting duct
D) To filter blood

Answer 10

Answer: C) To run towards the medulla and surround a collecting duct

Question 10

What structure is defined as a kidney pyramid and the overlying cortex?
A) Renal papilla
B) Kidney lobe
C) Kidney lobule
D) Renal calyx

Answer 10

Answer: B) Kidney lobe

Question 11

What is the tip of a kidney pyramid called?
A) Renal sinus
B) Renal capsule
C) Renal papilla
D) Medullary ray

Answer 11

Answer: C) Renal papilla

Question 12

What is the primary role of a calyx in the kidney?
A) It filters blood.
B) It “cups” the papilla or pyramid to collect urine.
C) It connects the kidney to the bladder.
D) It forms the boundary of the renal sinus.

Answer 12

Answer: B) It “cups” the papilla or pyramid to collect urine.

Question 13

Where is the cortex located in the kidney?
A) On the inside
B) In the middle of the kidney
C) On the outside
D) At the base of the renal pyramid

Answer 13

Answer: C) On the outside

Question 13

What structure is found at the renal papilla?
A) Ducts of Bellini
B) Minor calyx
C) Ureter
D) Juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 13

Answer: A) Ducts of Bellini

Question 14

What is the primary structural unit of the kidney?
A) Renal lobe
B) Nephron
C) Medullary ray
D) Renal pelvis

Answer 14

Answer: B) Nephron

Question 14

How many nephrons are typically found in each kidney?
A) 1-2 thousand
B) 1-2 million
C) 100,000
D) 5-10 million

Answer 14

Answer: B) 1-2 million

Question 15

What type of nephron has a loop of Henle that does not enter the medulla?
A) Juxtamedullary nephron
B) Cortical nephron
C) Medullary nephron
D) Renal lobe nephron

Answer 15

Answer: B) Cortical nephron

Question 16

What is characteristic of juxtamedullary nephrons?
A) They are smaller and located further from the medulla.
B) Their loop of Henle extends deep into the medulla.
C) They lack a loop of Henle.
D) They have shorter loops of Henle.

Answer 16

Answer: B) Their loop of Henle extends deep into the medulla.

Question 17

What is formed by the axis of the kidney lobules?
A) Renal papillae
B) Collecting tubules
C) Minor calyces
D) Ureter

Answer 17

Answer: B) Collecting tubules

Question 18

What is the renal sinus?
A) The region between the medulla and the cortex
B) The space that connects to the minor calyx
C) The outer layer of the kidney
D) The inner layer surrounding the renal pyramid

Answer 18

Answer: B) The space that connects to the minor calyx

Question 19

What is the appearance of the outer surface of the kidney after birth? A) It remains lobulated B) It flattens as the kidney grows C) It becomes more defined D) It increases in size

Answer 19

Answer: B) It flattens as the kidney grows

Question 19

Which type of nephron has a short loop of Henle? A) Juxtamedullary nephron B) Cortical nephron C) Medullary nephron D) Glomerular nephron

Answer 19

Answer: B) Cortical nephron

Question 19

What defines a kidney lobule? A) A renal pyramid and the surrounding cortex tissue B) A collecting duct and its surrounding tubules C) The renal pelvis and minor calyces D) A renal column and a medullary ray

Answer 19

Answer: A) A renal pyramid and the surrounding cortex tissue

Question 20

Where is the renal corpuscle of a cortical nephron located? A) In the inner medulla B) In the outer region of the cortex C) At the junction of the cortex and medulla D) In the renal pelvis

Answer 20

Answer: B) In the outer region of the cortex

Question 21

How long is the loop of Henle in cortical nephrons? A) Short, extending only into the outer medulla B) Long, extending deep into the medulla C) It does not have a loop of Henle D) It is short and ends in the inner cortex

Answer 21

Answer: A) Short, extending only into the outer medulla

Question 22

What does the efferent glomerular arteriole of a cortical nephron form? A) Vasa recta B) Peritubular capillary network C) Renal columns D) Major calyces

Answer 22

Answer: B) Peritubular capillary network

Question 23

What is the role of the peritubular capillary network in cortical nephrons? A) To carry blood to the renal pelvis B) To surround the convoluted segments of the nephron C) To form the vasa recta D) To filter blood

Answer 23

Answer: B) To surround the convoluted segments of the nephron

Question 23

What does a medullary ray consist of? A) Only the collecting ducts B) Collecting tubules and segments of the loop of Henle of cortical nephrons C) Juxtamedullary nephrons D) Renal pyramids

Answer 23

Answer: B) Collecting tubules and segments of the loop of Henle of cortical nephrons

Question 24

Where is the renal corpuscle of a juxtamedullary nephron located? A) In the outer cortex B) Adjacent to the medulla in the cortex C) In the renal medulla D) In the renal pelvis

Answer 24

Answer: B) Adjacent to the medulla in the cortex

Question 24

How long is the loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons? A) Short, only reaching the outer medulla B) Long, extending deep into the medulla C) It has no loop of Henle D) It is located only in the cortex

Answer 24

Answer: B) Long, extending deep into the medulla

Question 24

What does the efferent glomerular arteriole of a juxtamedullary nephron form? A) Peritubular capillary network B) Vasa recta C) Renal corpuscle D) Medullary rays

Answer 24

Answer: B) Vasa recta

Question 25

What is the primary function of the vasa recta? A) To transport blood to the cortex B) To form a capillary network in the medulla surrounding the loop of Henle C) To filter blood in the renal corpuscle D) To collect urine from the collecting ducts

Answer 25

Answer: B) To form a capillary network in the medulla surrounding the loop of Henle

Question 26

What is the location of the convoluted part of the proximal tubule? A) In the outer medulla B) In the cortex C) In the renal pelvis D) In the inner medulla

Answer 26

Answer: B) In the cortex

Question 26

Which part of the nephron forms the descending thick part of the loop of Henle? A) Proximal tubule B) Distal tubule C) Renal corpuscle D) Thin part of Henle

Answer 26

Answer: A) Proximal tubule

Question 26

Where does the short straight part of the proximal tubule enter? A) Renal pelvis B) Inner cortex C) Medulla D) Juxtamedullary region

Answer 26

Answer: C) Medulla

Question 27

Where is the distal tubule located? A) In the inner medulla B) In the cortex, in its convoluted form C) In the renal pelvis D) In the renal sinus

Answer 27

Answer: B) In the cortex, in its convoluted form

Question 27

Where does the straight part of the Loop of Henle form the ascending thick part? A) In the cortex B) In the renal corpuscle C) In the medulla D) In the renal pelvis

Answer 27

Answer: C) In the medulla

Question 28

What structures are found in the renal corpuscle? A) Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule B) Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule C) Ureter and renal pelvis D) Medullary rays and collecting ducts

Answer 28

Answer: A) Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

Question 29

What type of epithelium makes up the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule? A) Simple cuboidal epithelium B) Stratified squamous epithelium C) Simple squamous epithelium D) Columnar epithelium

Answer 29

Answer: C) Simple squamous epithelium

Question 29

What is the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule composed of? A) Squamous epithelium B) Podocytes C) Macrophages D) Actin microfilaments

Answer 29

Answer: B) Podocytes

Question 29

What is the primary function of podocytes in the renal corpuscle? A) To regulate the blood flow through the glomerulus B) To form the filtration barrier by surrounding capillaries with footlets C) To produce urine D) To transport blood from the afferent arteriole to the efferent arteriole

Answer 29

Answer: B) To form the filtration barrier by surrounding capillaries with footlets

Question 30

What is the space between the parietal and visceral layers of Bowman's capsule called? A) Renal space B) Bowman space C) Medullary space D) Urinary pole

Answer 30

Answer: B) Bowman space

Question 31

Which structure of the renal corpuscle is responsible for the formation of the capillary tuft? A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Afferent arteriole C) Efferent arteriole D) Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 31

Answer: B) Afferent arteriole

Question 32

What type of epithelium makes up the endothelium of glomerular capillaries? A) Simple cuboidal epithelium B) Simple squamous epithelium C) Columnar epithelium D) Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 32

Answer: B) Simple squamous epithelium

Question 33

In Goodpasture syndrome, which part of the renal corpuscle is affected? A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Renal corpuscle basement membrane C) Medullary rays D) Loop of Henle

Answer 33

Answer: B) Renal corpuscle basement membrane

Question 33

What is the primary characteristic of the footlets (pedicels) of podocytes? A) They form part of the glomerular capillary B) They regulate the width of filtration gaps C) They form the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule D) They are involved in the reabsorption of glucose

Answer 33

Answer: B) They regulate the width of filtration gaps