Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

Question 1

The pituitary gland is housed in which part of the skull?
A) Cribriform plate
B) Foramen magnum
C) Sella turcica
D) Mastoid process

Answer 1

✅ Answer: C) Sella turcica

Question 2

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
A) Corpus callosum
B) Infundibulum
C) Pineal stalk
D) Medulla

Answer 2

✅ Answer: B) Infundibulum

Question 3

The posterior pituitary is also called the:
A) Adenohypophysis
B) Neurohypophysis
C) Infundibular stalk
D) Pineal body

Answer 3

✅ Answer: B) Neurohypophysis

Question 4

The anterior pituitary is made of:
A) Nerve fibers
B) Neuroglia
C) Glandular tissue
D) Cartilage

Answer 4

✅ Answer: C) Glandular tissue

Question 5

Which part of the pituitary stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus?
A) Anterior lobe
B) Intermediate lobe
C) Posterior lobe
D) Median eminence

Answer 5

✅ Answer: C) Posterior lobe

Question 6

Which hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary?
A) TSH and ACTH
B) Oxytocin and ADH
C) GH and LH
D) FSH and PRL

Answer 6

✅ Answer: B) Oxytocin and ADH

Question 7

TRH stimulates the release of:
A) ACTH
B) LH
C) TSH
D) ADH

Answer 7

✅ Answer: C) TSH

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates ACTH release from the anterior pituitary?
A) TRH
B) GHRH
C) CRH
D) GnRH

Answer 8

✅ Answer: C) CRH

Question 9

GnRH is primarily responsible for:
A) Thyroid hormone regulation
B) Growth hormone inhibition
C) Sexual development
D) Water retention

Answer 9

✅ Answer: C) Sexual development

Question 10

Which hormone inhibits prolactin secretion?
A) GHRH
B) Dopamine
C) PRF
D) CRH

Answer 10

✅ Answer: B) Dopamine

Question 11

Somatostatin is also known as:
A) GHRH
B) PIH
C) GH-inhibiting hormone
D) TSH-stimulating hormone

Answer 11

✅ Answer: C) GH-inhibiting hormone

Question 12

Which hormone is not a releasing hormone?
A) TRH
B) CRH
C) PIH
D) GnRH

Answer 12

✅ Answer: C) PIH

Question 13

Melanotropin-releasing hormone affects:
A) Oxytocin secretion
B) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
C) TSH levels
D) GH secretion

Answer 13

✅ Answer: B) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 14

What kind of chemical is TRH?
A) Tripeptide
B) Steroid
C) Monosaccharide
D) Polysaccharide

Answer 14

✅ Answer: A) Tripeptide

Question 15

Which amino acid is dopamine derived from?
A) Glutamine
B) Tryptophan
C) Tyrosine
D) Glycine

Answer 15

✅ Answer: C) Tyrosine

Question 16

Which part of the pituitary is referred to as the “master gland”?
A) Posterior lobe
B) Hypothalamus
C) Anterior lobe
D) Pineal gland

Answer 16

✅ Answer: C) Anterior lobe

Question 16

The anterior pituitary secretes hormones that regulate:
A) Only the nervous system
B) Only the digestive system
C) Many other endocrine glands
D) Only the pancreas

Answer 16

✅ Answer: C) Many other endocrine glands

Question 17

Anterior pituitary hormones are classified as:
A) Neurotransmitters
B) Paracrine factors
C) Tropic or non-tropic
D) Enzymes

Answer 17

✅ Answer: C) Tropic or non-tropic

Question 18

Tropic hormones target:
A) Muscles
B) Glands
C) Bones
D) Neurons

Answer 18

✅ Answer: B) Glands

Question 18

Which statement best describes a trophic hormone?
A) Stimulates another hormone’s release
B) Stimulates atrophy
C) Has a growth effect on its target
D) Is always inhibitory

Answer 18

✅ Answer: C) Has a growth effect on its target

Question 19

TSH causes:
A) Thyroid shrinkage
B) Increased T3/T4 levels only
C) Growth of thyroid gland
D) Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 19

✅ Answer: C) Growth of thyroid gland

Question 20

ACTH acts on the adrenal gland to:
A) Decrease cortisol
B) Promote tissue shrinkage
C) Increase size and cell number
D) Suppress aldosterone

Answer 20

✅ Answer: C) Increase size and cell number

Question 21

What is a major feature of hypothalamic and pituitary hormone release?
A) Continuous release
B) Only stress-induced
C) Pulsatile/rhythmic secretion
D) Random release

Answer 21

✅ Answer: C) Pulsatile/rhythmic secretion

Question 22

Rhythmic secretion helps integrate:
A) Cardiac and renal systems
B) Endocrine and nervous systems
C) Digestive enzymes
D) Respiratory gases

Answer 22

✅ Answer: B) Endocrine and nervous systems

Question 23

Which hormone inhibits gastric emptying and intestinal blood flow? A) TRH B) Somatostatin C) GnRH D) CRH

Answer 23

✅ Answer: B) Somatostatin

Question 24

Hormonal feedback regulation involves: A) Only positive loops B) Only negative loops C) Both positive and negative loops D) No loops at all

Answer 24

✅ Answer: C) Both positive and negative loops

Question 25

Dopamine is best known for its role in: A) Increasing prolactin B) Inhibiting prolactin C) Stimulating GH D) Blocking ACTH

Answer 25

✅ Answer: B) Inhibiting prolactin

Question 26

GnRH secretion begins: A) In infancy B) During menopause C) At puberty D) During pregnancy

Answer 26

✅ Answer: C) At puberty

Question 27

Which hormone acts directly to reduce LH secretion? A) GnRH B) Somatostatin C) PIH D) Oxytocin

Answer 27

✅ Answer: B) Somatostatin

Question 28

Loss of dopamine-secreting cells can lead to: A) Hyperthyroidism B) Diabetes C) Parkinson's disease D) Cushing's syndrome

Answer 28

✅ Answer: C) Parkinson's disease

Question 29

GHRH and GHIH work: A) Synergistically B) Unrelatedly C) In opposition D) Identically

Answer 29

✅ Answer: C) In opposition

Question 29

A hormone that acts directly on its target rather than another gland is: A) TSH B) ACTH C) GH D) CRH

Answer 29

✅ Answer: C) GH

Question 30

What are the primary effects of anterior pituitary hormone secretion related to reproduction? A) Increased ADH and oxytocin B) Increased GH and prolactin C) Increased FSH and LH D) Increased ACTH and TSH

Answer 30

✅ Answer: C) Increased FSH and LH

Question 31

What are the secondary effects of increased FSH and LH in males? A) Increased estrogen B) Decreased testosterone C) Increased testosterone D) Increased oxytocin

Answer 31

✅ Answer: C) Increased testosterone

Question 32

In females, what hormones increase as a secondary effect of FSH and LH secretion? A) Progesterone and testosterone B) Estrogen and progesterone C) Oxytocin and prolactin D) ACTH and cortisol

Answer 32

✅ Answer: B) Estrogen and progesterone

Question 33

Growth hormone (GH) belongs to which category of hormones? A) Glycoprotein B) POMC-derived C) Somatotropic D) Posterior pituitary hormone

Answer 33

✅ Answer: C) Somatotropic

Question 34

Prolactin (Prl) is classified as a: A) Gonadotropin B) Somatotropic hormone C) Glycoprotein hormone D) Steroid hormone

Answer 34

✅ Answer: B) Somatotropic hormone

Question 35

Which of the following is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary? A) Prolactin B) Growth Hormone C) ACTH D) FSH

Answer 35

✅ Answer: D) FSH

Question 36

LH, FSH, and TSH are all: A) Somatotropic hormones B) Steroids C) Glycoprotein hormones D) Derived from oxytocin

Answer 36

✅ Answer: C) Glycoprotein hormones

Question 37

ACTH is derived from: A) Dopamine B) Glycoprotein precursors C) POMC D) GH

Answer 37

✅ Answer: C) POMC

Question 38

Which hormone is not derived from POMC? A) ACTH B) MSH C) GH D) Lipotropins

Answer 38

✅ Answer: C) GH

Question 39

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones (MSHs) are derived from: A) Somatostatin B) Glycoprotein precursors C) POMC D) Vasopressin

Answer 39

✅ Answer: C) POMC

Question 40

Where are ADH and oxytocin synthesized? A) Posterior pituitary B) Anterior pituitary C) Hypothalamus D) Kidneys

Answer 40

✅ Answer: C) Hypothalamus

Question 41

ADH is also known as: A) Oxytocin B) Vasopressin C) Prolactin D) ACTH

Answer 41

✅ Answer: B) Vasopressin

Question 42

Which nucleus synthesizes ADH? A) Paraventricular nucleus B) Ventromedial nucleus C) Arcuate nucleus D) Supraoptic nucleus

Answer 42

✅ Answer: D) Supraoptic nucleus

Question 43

Oxytocin is synthesized in the: A) Posterior pituitary B) Anterior pituitary C) Paraventricular nucleus D) Kidney

Answer 43

✅ Answer: C) Paraventricular nucleus

Question 44

What is the primary trigger for ADH release? A) Increased blood glucose B) Increased plasma osmolarity C) Low calcium D) Pain

Answer 44

✅ Answer: B) Increased plasma osmolarity

Question 45

ADH acts primarily on the: A) Liver B) Kidneys C) Pancreas D) Heart

Answer 45

✅ Answer: B) Kidneys

Question 46

ADH promotes the reabsorption of: A) Sodium B) Glucose C) Water D) Bicarbonate

Answer 46

✅ Answer: C) Water

Question 47

What structure does ADH affect in the kidney? A) Bowman's capsule B) Loop of Henle C) Collecting duct D) Glomerulus

Answer 47

✅ Answer: C) Collecting duct