Urinary bladder And Urethra Flashcards
What is the normal volume of the urinary bladder?
a) 200ml
b) 220ml
c) 250ml
d) 300ml
Answer: b) 220ml
What is the maximum volume the urinary bladder can tolerate?
a) 400ml
b) 500ml
c) 600ml
d) 700ml
Answer: b) 500ml
In an adult, when the urinary bladder is empty, where is it located?
a) Entirely within the abdominal cavity
b) Entirely within the lesser pelvis
c) In both the abdominal cavity and lesser pelvis
d) Near the umbilicus
Answer: b) Entirely within the lesser pelvis
When the bladder is distended, it can expand into which of the following?
a) Only the lesser pelvis
b) Only the abdominal cavity
c) The abdominal cavity and may arise as high as the umbilicus
d) It cannot expand at all
Answer: c) The abdominal cavity and may arise as high as the umbilicus
Which surface of the urinary bladder is covered by peritoneum?
a) Inferolateral surface
b) Base (fundus)
c) Superior surface
d) Apex
Answer: c) Superior surface
What shape is the urinary bladder when viewed from above?
a) Oval
b) Triangular pyramid
c) Rectangular
d) Circular
Answer: b) Triangular pyramid
What is the apex of the urinary bladder directed towards in adults?
a) Posteriorly to the rectum
b) Downwards to the pelvic floor
c) Anteriorly and upwards to the umbilicus
d) Lateral to the hips
Answer: c) Anteriorly and upwards to the umbilicus
In males, what is the peritoneum reflected from the posterior border of the bladder to?
a) Uterus
b) Rectum
c) Colon
d) Abdominal wall
Answer: b) Rectum
What is the peritoneal pouch found in males between the bladder and rectum called?
a) Vesicouterine pouch
b) Rectovesical pouch
c) Paravesical fossae
d) Supravaginal pouch
Answer: b) Rectovesical pouch
In females, what is the peritoneum reflected from the bladder to?
a) Urethra
b) Uterus
c) Rectum
d) Ovary
Answer: b) Uterus
What is the vesicouterine pouch found in females?
a) Between the bladder and rectum
b) Between the bladder and uterus
c) Between the bladder and ovaries
d) Between the bladder and abdominal wall
Answer: b) Between the bladder and uterus
In which direction is the fundus (base) of the urinary bladder directed?
a) Upwards and forwards
b) Backwards and downwards
c) Leftwards and laterally
d) Downwards and towards the pelvis
Answer: b) Backwards and downwards
In females, the fundus of the urinary bladder is related to which structure?
a) Rectum
b) Uterus
c) Vagina
d) Ovary
Answer: c) Vagina
In males, the fundus of the urinary bladder is related to which structure?
a) Urethra
b) Rectum
c) Seminal vesicles
d) Prostate
Answer: b) Rectum
The upper part of the fundus of the urinary bladder is associated with which pouch in males?
a) Rectouterine pouch
b) Vesicouterine pouch
c) Rectovesical pouch
d) Peritoneal pouch
Answer: c) Rectovesical pouch
The lower part of the fundus of the urinary bladder in males is related to which structures?
a) Rectum and prostate
b) Seminal vesicles and deferent ducts
c) Urethra and bladder neck
d) Rectovesical pouch and uterus
Answer: b) Seminal vesicles and deferent ducts
What is the name of the tissue between the seminal vesicles and deferent ducts in males?
a) Rectovesical pouch
b) Rectovesical fascia
c) Peritoneal fold
d) Urethral fascia
Answer: b) Rectovesical fascia
What is the lowest region of the urinary bladder called?
a) Fundus
b) Apex
c) Neck
d) Inferolateral surface
Answer: c) Neck
The neck of the urinary bladder is pierced by which structure?
a) Urethra
b) Ureter
c) Prostate
d) Seminal vesicles
Answer: a) Urethra
In males, the neck of the urinary bladder rests on the base of which organ?
a) Prostate
b) Rectum
c) Urethra
d) Seminal vesicles
Answer: a) Prostate
In females, the neck of the urinary bladder rests on which structure?
a) Urethra
b) Pelvic fascia
c) Uterus
d) Rectum
Answer: b) Pelvic fascia
The inferolateral surfaces of the urinary bladder face in which direction?
a) Anteroinferiorly
b) Posteriorly
c) Superiorly
d) Laterally
Answer: a) Anteroinferiorly
In males, the puboprostatic ligament is associated with which part of the urinary bladder?
a) Inferolateral surface
b) Neck
c) Fundus
d) Apex
Answer: b) Neck
Which of the following is considered a true ligament of the urinary bladder?
a) Median umbilical fold
b) Puboprostatic ligament (pubovesical ligament in females)
c) Medial umbilical folds
d) Peritoneal pouches
Answer: b) Puboprostatic ligament (pubovesical ligament in females)
The muscular layer of the urinary bladder consists of which type of muscle?
a) Smooth muscle
b) Cardiac muscle
c) Skeletal muscle
d) Striated muscle
Answer: a) Smooth muscle
How many layers does the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder have?
a) 2 layers
b) 3 layers
c) 4 layers
d) 5 layers
Answer: b) 3 layers
Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of the detrusor muscle?
a) External longitudinal
b) Middle circular
c) Inner longitudinal
d) External circular
Answer: d) External circular
The middle circular layer of the detrusor muscle is also known as which of the following?
a) Sphincter vesicae muscle
b) Prostatic sphincter
c) Urethral muscle
d) Bladder base muscle
Answer: a) Sphincter vesicae muscle
Where is the sphincter vesicae muscle located in the urinary bladder?
a) At the apex of the bladder
b) At the base of the bladder
c) At the internal urethral orifice
d) In the fundus of the bladder
Answer: c) At the internal urethral orifice
The middle circular muscle layer of the bladder is under which type of nervous system control?
a) Somatic nervous system
b) Autonomic nervous system
c) Central nervous system
d) Peripheral nervous system
Answer: b) Autonomic nervous system
Which arteries supply the urinary bladder?
a) Superior and inferior vesical arteries
b) Internal iliac and femoral arteries
c) Renal and femoral arteries
d) Common iliac and external iliac arteries
Answer: a) Superior and inferior vesical arteries
The veins of the urinary bladder drain into which venous plexus?
a) Vesical plexus
b) Renal plexus
c) Internal iliac plexus
d) Hepatic plexus
Answer: a) Vesical plexus
The sympathetic nerve fibers to the urinary bladder originate from which spinal levels?
a) T1 to T5
b) L1 to L4
c) Lower 2 thoracic and upper 2 lumbar levels
d) S2 to S4
Answer: c) Lower 2 thoracic and upper 2 lumbar levels
Parasympathetic nerve fibers to the urinary bladder originate from which spinal levels?
a) T1 to T5
b) L1 to L4
c) S2 to S4
d) C1 to C4
Answer: c) S2 to S4
Lymphatic drainage from the urinary bladder is primarily into which lymph nodes?
a) External iliac and common iliac nodes
b) Inguinal nodes
c) Thoracic nodes
d) Cervical nodes
Answer: a) External iliac and common iliac nodes
The male urethra is approximately how long?
a) 10-15 cm
b) 15-20 cm
c) 20-25 cm
d) 5-10 cm
Answer: b) 15-20 cm
Which part of the male urethra is the widest?
a) Membranous part
b) Prostatic part
c) Spongiose part
d) External part
Answer: b) Prostatic part
Which of the following is located on the posterior wall of the prostatic part of the male urethra?
a) Urethral crest
b) Seminal colliculus
c) Prostatic sinus
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
The membranous part of the male urethra is:
a) The longest and widest part
b) The shortest and narrowest part
c) The most dilatable part
d) Located in the corpus spongiosum of the penis
Answer: b) The shortest and narrowest part
The membranous urethra passes through which structure?
a) Urethral bulb
b) Urogenital diaphragm
c) Pelvic diaphragm
d) Corpus spongiosum
Answer: b) Urogenital diaphragm
The external urethral sphincter, or sphincter urethrae muscle, is located around which part of the male urethra?
a) Prostatic part
b) Membranous part
c) Spongiose part
d) External urethral orifice
Answer: b) Membranous part
The external urethral sphincter is innervated by which nerve?
a) Pelvic splanchnic nerve
b) Pudendal nerve
c) Sciatic nerve
d) Vagus nerve
Answer: b) Pudendal nerve
The spongiose part of the male urethra is located in which structure?
a) Urogenital diaphragm
b) Corpus spongiosum of the penis
c) Prostate gland
d) Bladder
Answer: b) Corpus spongiosum of the penis
Which of the following is the narrowest part of the male urethra?
a) Spongiose part
b) Membranous part
c) External urethral orifice
d) Prostatic part
Answer: c) External urethral orifice
Which part of the male urethra is most dilated?
a) Membranous part
b) Spongiose part
c) Intrabulbar fossa and navicular fossa
d) Prostatic part
Answer: c) Intrabulbar fossa and navicular fossa
Which glands open into the spongiose part of the male urethra?
a) Prostate gland
b) Bulbourethral glands
c) Seminal vesicles
d) Adrenal glands
Answer: b) Bulbourethral glands
The female urethra is approximately how long?
a) 2-3 cm
b) 4-5 cm
c) 6-7 cm
d) 8-10 cm
Answer: b) 4-5 cm
The female urethra is much more dilatable than the male urethra. What is the typical diameter?
a) 2 mm
b) 4 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 10 mm
Answer: c) 6 mm
The female urethra extends from which structure to which other structure?
a) From the external urethral orifice to the bladder
b) From the internal urethral orifice to the external urethral orifice
c) From the rectum to the vaginal opening
d) From the prostate to the bladder
Answer: b) From the internal urethral orifice to the external urethral orifice
Which of the following is NOT found in the epithelium of the female urethra?
a) Longitudinal folds
b) Urethral crest
c) Urethral glands
d) Seminal vesicles
Answer: d) Seminal vesicles
