Histology of thyroid part 2 Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT a part of the adenohypophysis?
a) Pars distalis
b) Pars intermedia
c) Pars nervosa
d) Pars tuberalis
Answer: c) Pars nervosa
Which structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
a) Optic chiasm
b) Infundibulum
c) Mammillary body
d) Pars distalis
Answer: b) Infundibulum
Where is the pituitary gland located?
a) In the frontal lobe of the brain
b) Inside the vertebral column
c) In the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
d) Within the cerebellum
Answer: c) In the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
Which lobe of the pituitary is also known as the neurohypophysis?
a) Pars tuberalis
b) Pars intermedia
c) Anterior lobe
d) Posterior lobe
Answer: d) Posterior lobe
Which type of capillaries are found between the cell cords in the pars distalis?
a) Continuous capillaries
b) Sinusoidal capillaries
c) Lymphatic capillaries
d) Fenestrated capillaries
Answer: b) Sinusoidal capillaries
Which part of the adenohypophysis forms the majority of the anterior pituitary?
a) Pars nervosa
b) Pars tuberalis
c) Pars intermedia
d) Pars distalis
Answer: d) Pars distalis
What percentage of cells in the pars distalis are chromophobic?
a) 10%
b) 40%
c) 50%
d) 70%
Answer: c) 50%
Which of the following is part of the posterior pituitary?
a) Pars distalis
b) Pars intermedia
c) Pars tuberalis
d) Pars nervosa
Answer: d) Pars nervosa
Which of the following is a chromophil cell found in the pars distalis?
a) Acidophil
b) Chromophobic cell
c) Pars nervosa cell
d) Neuroglial cell
Answer: a) Acidophil
Which structure is directly above the pituitary gland?
a) Mammillary body
b) Optic chiasm
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Corpus callosum
Answer: b) Optic chiasm
What percentage of the chromophil cells in the anterior pituitary are acidophils?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 40%
d) 50%
Answer: c) 40%
Acidophil cells in the pituitary gland stain what color with eosin?
a) Blue
b) Pink-orange
c) Green
d) Purple
Answer: b) Pink-orange
Somatotropes are primarily responsible for the secretion of which hormone?
a) Prolactin (PRL)
b) Growth hormone (GH)
c) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
d) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Answer: b) Growth hormone (GH)
Which of the following is NOT a type of somatotroph cell?
a) Ghrelin
b) Somatotropes
c) Lactotropes
d) Mammotropes
Answer: c) Lactotropes
What is the primary role of somatotropin (growth hormone)?
a) Stimulates milk production
b) Stimulates growth and development
c) Stimulates the production of thyroid hormones
d) Stimulates cortisol secretion
Answer: b) Stimulates growth and development
Where are somatotropes primarily located in the pituitary gland?
a) Pars intermedia
b) Pars distalis
c) Pars nervosa
d) Pars tuberalis
Answer: b) Pars distalis
Which hormone stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) from somatotropes?
a) Prolactin (PRL)
b) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
c) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
d) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Answer: c) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH) from somatotropes?
a) Insulin
b) Somatostatin
c) Glucagon
d) Cortisol
Answer: b) Somatostatin
Ghrelin, a potent stimulator of GH secretion, is isolated from which organ?
a) Stomach
b) Liver
c) Small intestine
d) Pancreas
Answer: a) Stomach
What condition is associated with hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) from somatotropes?
a) Dwarfism
b) Gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults
c) Hypothyroidism
d) Addison’s disease
Answer: b) Gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults
What condition is associated with the deficiency of growth hormone (GH)?
a) Gigantism
b) Acromegaly
c) Dwarfism
d) Cushing’s syndrome
Answer: c) Dwarfism
Lactotropes in the anterior pituitary produce which hormone?
a) Growth hormone (GH)
b) Prolactin (PRL)
c) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
d) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Answer: b) Prolactin (PRL)
Lactotropes undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia during which physiological process?
a) Menopause
b) Pregnancy and lactation
c) Childhood development
d) Puberty
Answer: b) Pregnancy and lactation
When stained with Orange G-acid fuchsin, which of the following cells in the pituitary stain orange and red, respectively?
a) Somatotropes stain red, lactotropes stain orange
b) Somatotropes stain orange, lactotropes stain red
c) Both somatotropes and lactotropes stain red
d) Both somatotropes and lactotropes stain orange
Answer: b) Somatotropes stain orange, lactotropes stain red
