Thyroid Disease Flashcards
Approximate weight of thyroid gland: 25-30 g 100-150 g 25-30 mg 250 – 300 g
25-30 g
How much of the circulating T4 is free? 0,1 – 0,3 % 1 – 3 % 5 – 10 % 0,01-0,05% 20 – 50 %
0,01-0,05%
Effects of TSH, except: increases iodine uptake increases the synthesis of T4/T3 increases the vascularization of thyroid gland potentiate the release of TRH increases the mass of thyroid gland
potentiate the release of TRH
Incidence of hypothyroidism in the population: 10 – 20 % 0,1 -0,5 % 20 – 30% 30 – 40 % 3 – 5 %
3 – 5 %
Clinical signs of hypothyroidism, except: constipation myxedema anemia tachycardia carotinoderma
tachycardia
Possible cause of hypothyroidism, except: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Graves-Basedow disease subacute thyroiditis iodine deficiency increased iodine uptake
Graves-Basedow disease
Possible cause of hyperthyroidism, except: iodine deficiency subacute thyroiditis Hashimoto’s thyroiditis struma ovarii thyrotoxicosis factitia
iodine deficiency
False statement for subacute thyroiditis:
viral infection is involved in the etiology
increased RAIU
absence of anti-thyroidal antibodies
fever, pain
enlargement of thyroid gland
increased RAIU
absence of anti-thyroidal antibodies
Characteristic findings in toxic adenoma (Plummer’s disease), except: goiter Se TSH ↓ exophthalmus more frequent in women hyperthyroidism
exophthalmus
Which parameter is not altered in Graves-Basedow’s disease? anti-TR Ab anti-TPO Ab thyroglobulin (Tg) Se FT4 RAIU
thyroglobulin (Tg)
Possible cause of euthyroid goiter, except: excessive consumption of brassica iodine deficiency subacute thyroiditis Graves-Basedow disease Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Graves-Basedow disease
Observations in iodine deficiency: Se FT4 ↑ and FT3 ↓ RAIU ↓ Se FT4 ↓, and FT3 ↑ Se TSH ↓ Se FT4 ↑ and FT3 ↑
Se FT4 ↓, and FT3 ↑
Characteristic findings in subclinical hyperthyroidism, except: normal Se FT4 normal Se FT3 Se TSH ↑ anti-TPO Ab is not typical Se FT4 ↑ and FT3 ↑
Se TSH ↑
Se FT4 ↑ and FT3 ↑
Characteristic findings in subclinical hyperthyroidism, except: normal Se FT4 Se FT4 ↓ and normal FT3 normal Se FT3 Se TSH ↓ anti-TPO Ab is not typical
Se FT4 ↓ and normal FT3
Characteristic findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, except:
enlarged multinodular goiter
hyperthyroidism is observed usually at the beginning of the disease
more common in women
genetically transmitted (genetic predisposition, dut not 100% transmitted)
histologically lymphocytic/plasmacytic infiltration in the thyroid gland
?enlarged multinodular goiter (it’s enlarged but can’t find any info on if it’s multilobular)
?genetically transmitted (genetic predisposition, but not 100% transmitted)
False statement for postpartum thyroiditis:
lymphocytic thyroiditis
a type of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis that develops in pregnancy
may cause hyper- or hypothyroidism, as well
observed following pregnancy
the presence of anti-TPO Ab and/or anti-Tg Ab indicate the development of permanent hypothyroidism
a type of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis that develops in pregnancy
Effects of TSH:
enhance iodine uptake
reduces the vascularization of thyroid gland
increase the size of thyroid gland
increase the synthesis and release of T4 / T3 via Ca2+-intracellular signaling
enhance iodine uptake
increase the size of thyroid gland
increase the synthesis and release of T4 / T3 via Ca2+-intracellular signaling
True statement for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis:
often occurs together with type 1 DM
patients usually have painless goiter
anti-TPO Ab often increased significantly
anti-Tg Ab usually negative
often occurs together with type 1 DM
patients usually have painless goiter
anti-TPO Ab often increased significantly
Clinical signs of hypothyroidism: pretibial myxedema carotinoderma hypertriglyceridemia anemia
carotinoderma
anemia
Radioactive iodine uptake is increased in the following diseases: Graves-Basedow disease thyroiditis multinodular goiter exogenous thyroid hormone therapy
Graves-Basedow disease
multinodular goiter
Increased radioactive iodine intake in thyroid gland: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis iodine deficiency thyrotoxicosis factitia toxic adenoma
iodine deficiency
thyrotoxicosis factitia
toxic adenoma
High risk groups for hypothyroidism: women patients with Graves-Basedow disease or postpartum thyroidal dysfunction in the anamnesis type 1 DM age between 45-65
women
type 1 DM
Possible cause of primary hypothyroidism:
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
lithium therapy
irradiation (radioactive iodine therapy of hyperthyroidism)
Plummer’s disease
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
lithium therapy
irradiation (radioactive iodine therapy of hyperthyroidism)
Possible cause of hyperthyroidism: toxic uninodular or multinodular goiter toxic diffuse goiter subacute thyroiditis struma ovarii
toxic uninodular or multinodular goiter
toxic diffuse goiter
subacute thyroiditis
struma ovarii
