Atherosclerosis

Question 1

Which is true of the following statements?
Cholesterol molecules are located on the surface of lipoproteins
Apoproteins are located in the nuclei of lipoproteins
Triglycerides and cholesterol esters are located in the nuclei of lipoproteins
Lipoproteins are coated by a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 1

Cholesterol molecules are located on the surface of lipoproteins

Triglycerides and cholesterol esters are located in the nuclei of lipoproteins

Question 2

Which is FALSE of the following statements?
Cholesterol molecules are located on the surface of lipoproteins
Apoproteins are located in the nuclei of lipoproteins
Triglycerides and cholesterol esters are located in the nuclei of lipoproteins
Lipoproteins are coated by a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 2

Apoproteins are located in the nuclei of lipoproteins

Lipoproteins are coated by a phospholipid bilayer

Question 3

Functions of apoproteins:
Stabilization of lipoprotein structure
Regulation of receptor binding of lipoproteins
Potential activation of lipoprotein metabolism enzymes
Potential inhibition of lipoprotein metabolism enzymes

Answer 3

Stabilization of lipoprotein structure
Regulation of receptor binding of lipoproteins
Potential activation of lipoprotein metabolism enzymes
Potential inhibition of lipoprotein metabolism enzymes

Question 4

Choose the correct order of lipoproteins according to increasing density
HDL-LDL-IDL-VLDL-CHY
LDL-IDL-VLDL-HDL-CHY
VLDL-CHY-HDL-LDL-IDL
CHY-VLDL-IDL-LDL-HDL
CHY-IDL-VLDL-LDL-HDL

Answer 4

CHY-VLDL-IDL-LDL-HDL

Question 5

Lipoproteins rich in triglycerides:
LDL-IDL
HDL-IDL
HDL-LDL
CHY-LDL
CHY-VLDL

Answer 5

CHY-VLDL

Question 6

Lipoproteins rich in cholesterol:
VLD-IDL
CHY-IDL
HDL-LDL
CHY-LDL
CHY-VLDL

Answer 6

HDL-LDL

Question 7

Which lipoprotein plasma level is the most frequently elevated in diabetes mellitus?
CHY-VLDL-LDL
VLDL-HDL
LDL-CHY
VLDL-CHY
CHY-IDL

Answer 7

CHY-VLDL-LDL

Question 8

Which lipoprotein plasma level is the most frequently decreased in diabetes mellitus?
CHY
VLDL
LDL
HDL
IDL

Answer 8

HDL

Question 9

Which lipoprotein plasma level is the most frequently elevated in obesity?
CHY-VLDL-LDL
VLDL-HDL
LDL-CHY
VLDL-CHY
CHY-IDL

Answer 9

CHY-VLDL-LDL

Question 10

Which lipoprotein plasma level is the most frequently elevated in hypothyrosis?
CHY
VLDL
LDL
HDL
IDL

Answer 10

LDL

IDL

Question 11

Which lipoprotein plasma level is the most frequently elevated in nephrosis syndrome?
CHY
VLDL
LDL
HDL
IDL

Answer 11

CHY
VLDL
LDL

IDL

Question 12

Optimal value of serum tryglyceride (TG):
< 1,7 mmol/l
2,3-5,6 mmol/l
3,0-4,5 mmol/l
4,1-4,9 mmol/l
5,0-6,5 mmol/l

Answer 12

< 1,7 mmol/l

Question 13

Apo B-48 is present in the following lipoproteins:
IDL
LDL
VLDL
CHY

Answer 13

CHY

Question 14

Which is true of the following statements?
LDL-receptors are located on the surfaces of liver and most other cells
Binding to LDL-receptors is regulated by apo B-100 and apo E
In man, approximately 70% of LDL is taken up in the liver and 30% in extrahepatic tissues
The main function of LDL is to transport the high energy content triglyceride

Answer 14

LDL-receptors are located on the surfaces of liver and most other cells
Binding to LDL-receptors is regulated by apo B-100 and apo E
In man, approximately 70% of LDL is taken up in the liver and 30% in extrahepatic tissues

Question 15

Which is FALSE of the following statements?
LDL-receptors are located on the surfaces of liver and most other cells
Binding to LDL-receptors is regulated by apo B-100 and apo E
In man, approximately 70% of LDL is taken up in the liver and 30% in extrahepatic tissues
The main function of LDL is to transport the high energy content triglyceride

Answer 15

The main function of LDL is to transport the high energy content triglyceride

Question 16

Which is true of the following statements?
HDL is exclusively formed in hepatocytes
Protein constituents of apo C an apo E are synthesized in the liver and associate to HDL particles in the circulation
HDL also contains apo B-48
The nascent discoid shaped HDL consist of cholesterol, phospholipid and apo A

Answer 16

Protein constituents of apo C an apo E are synthesized in the liver and associate to HDL particles in the circulation

The nascent discoid shaped HDL consist of cholesterol, phospholipid and apo A

Question 17

Which is FALSE of the following statements?
HDL is exclusively formed in hepatocytes
Protein constituents of apo C an apo E are synthesized in the liver and associate to HDL particles in the circulation
HDL also contains apo B-48
The nascent discoid shaped HDL consist of cholesterol, phospholipid and apo A

Answer 17

HDL is exclusively formed in hepatocytes

HDL also contains apo B-48

Question 18

Cardiovascular protective functions of HDL particle:
Enhances the peripheral uptake of LDL particles by its apo E content
Enhances the receptor mediated endocytosis of CHY- and VLDL-remnant particles by its apo C and apo E content
Macrophag presence is enhanced in the vessel wall by the anti-apoptotic effect of HDL
HDL enhances the PGI2 production of endothelial cell thereby inhibiting platelet adhesion

Answer 18

Enhances the peripheral uptake of LDL particles by its apo E content
Enhances the receptor mediated endocytosis of CHY- and VLDL-remnant particles by its apo C and apo E content

HDL enhances the PGI2 production of endothelial cell thereby inhibiting platelet adhesion

Question 19

Cardiovascular protective functions of HDL particle:
Enhances the peripheral uptake of LDL particles by its apo E content
Macrophag presence is decreased in the vessel wall as a result of HDL-effect
HDL has anti-oxidant activity
HDL decreases the receptor mediated endocytosis of CHY- and VLDL-remnant particles

Answer 19

Enhances the peripheral uptake of LDL particles by its apo E content
Macrophag presence is decreased in the vessel wall as a result of HDL-effect
HDL has anti-oxidant activity

Question 20

Cardiovascular protective functions of HDL particle, EXCEPT:
Enhances the peripheral uptake of LDL particles by its apo E content
Enhances the receptor mediated endocytosis of CHY- and VLDL-remnant particles by its apo C and apo E content
Macrophag presence is enhanced in the vessel wall by the anti-apoptotic effect of HDL
HDL enhances the PGI2 production of endothelial cell thereby inhibiting platelet adhesion

Answer 20

Macrophag presence is enhanced in the vessel wall by the anti-apoptotic effect of HDL

Question 21

Processes important in the formation of pro-inflammatoric HDL particle:
Apo A-1 modifying effect of myloperoxidase
Glycation occuring in diabetes mellitus
Chronic inflammatory processes
Hypertension

Answer 21

Apo A-1 modifying effect of myloperoxidase

Question 22

Possible clinical symptom(s) of familiar hyperchylomicronaemia:
hepatosplenomegaly
lipidaemia retinalis
acute pancreatitis
xanthoma tendinosum

Answer 22

hepatosplenomegaly
lipidaemia retinalis
acute pancreatitis

Question 23

Possible clinical symptom(s) of familiar dysbetahyperlipidaemia
yellowish xanthomas in palm rinkles
tuberoeruptive xanthomas
tuberous xanthomas
xanthoma tendinosum

Answer 23

yellowish xanthomas in palm rinkles
tuberoeruptive xanthomas
tuberous xanthomas

Question 24

Possible clinical symptom(s) of familiar hypercholesterinaemia:
arcus corneae
xanthoma tendinosum
tuberous xanthomas
tuberoeruptive xanthomas

Answer 24

arcus corneae
xanthoma tendinosum
tuberous xanthomas

Question 25

``` Potential caus(es) of familiar hypercholesterinaemia: LDL receptor mutation Apo E mutation Gain of function mutation of PCSK9 Apo B-48 deficiency ```

Answer 25

LDL receptor mutation Gain of function mutation of PCSK9

Question 26

``` Potential caus(es) of familiar hypercholesterinaemia: Apo B mutation Loss of function mutation of PCSK9 LDL receptor mutation Apo B-48 deficiency ```

Answer 26

Apo B mutation LDL receptor mutation

Question 27

``` Potential caus(es) of familiar dysbetalipoproteinaemia: Apo B mutation Apo E4 mutation Apo A mutation Homozygous apo E2 mutation ```

Answer 27

Homozygous apo E2 mutation

Question 28

``` Which disease is associated with elevated serum triglyceride (TG) level Cushing syndrome Diabetes mellitus von Gierke disease Chronic renal failure ```

Answer 28

von Gierke disease