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Pathophysiology 1 MCQ > Energy Balance > Flashcards

Energy Balance Flashcards

1
Q 
The basic metabolic rate is influenced by:
 blood pressure
 body surface
 heart rate
 all of the above
A

body surface

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2
Q 
The basic metabolic rate is influenced by:
 hormonal metabolism
 age
 body surface
 all 3 statements are valid
 none of the statements
A

all 3 statements are valid

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3
Q 
Intensification of the basic metabolic rate can be observed:
 in adapted starvation
 in hyperthyroidism
 in adreanal gland hypofunction
in older ages
A

in hyperthyroidism

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4
Q 
What is the approximate amount of the basic metabolic rate of a 25 year old, healthy man with 65 kg body weight?
 1100 kcal/day
 1400 kcal/day
 1700 kcal/day
 2000 kcal/day
 2300 kcal/day
A

1700 kcal/day

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5
Q 
What is the main organ of the regulation of the energetic (caloric) cycle?
 the lungs
 the brain
 the kidneys
 the bone tissue
 the adipose tissue
A

the adipose tissue

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6
Q 
Characteristic laboratory alterations in malnutrition:
 decreased plasma zinc level
 decreased serum albumin level
 decreased lymphocyte count 
 all mentioned above
 none of mentioned
A

all mentioned above

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7
Q 
The postprandial period is characterized by:
 endogenous glucose source
 triglyceride-synthesis
 glycogen break down
 decreased protein synthesis
 lipolysis
A

triglyceride-synthesis

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8
Q 
May play a role in cachexia formation:
 acute myocardial infarction
 advanced cancer
 decreased  thyroid function
 increased red blood cell production
 diabetes mellitus type 2
A

advanced cancer

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9
Q 
May play a role in the catabolic processes characterizing cachexia
 fatty acid oxidation
 increased glycation
 mitochondrial terminal oxidation
 complement activation
 ubiquitin-proteosome system
A

ubiquitin-proteosome system

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10
Q 
Daily energy need of a 25 year old, healthy man with 65 kg body weight with average physical activity:
 1700 kcal/day
2000 kcal/day
 2300 kcal/day
 2600 kcal/day
3000 kcal/day
A

2600 kcal/day

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11
Q

The caloric cycle is characterized, EXCEPT:
amino acids are metabolized to pyruvate
fatty acids can be transformed to glucose
the mass of stored fat exceeds that of stored protein
the mass of glycogen stores does not reach the of 1/20 of stored fat
triglycerides are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol

A

fatty acids can be transformed to glucose

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12
Q

In starvation, it is true in relation to the dynamics of nutrient loss EXCEPT:
decreases in stored fat is more rapid compared to that of stored protein
after 8 weeks, the amount of stored fat does not exceed 15% of the starting amount
the reduction of stored protein is accelerated towards the very end of starvation
stored carbohydrate becomes extinct within a few days
the reduction of stored protein is initially slower than that of stored fat

A

? after 8 weeks, the amount of stored fat does not exceed 15% of the starting amount

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13
Q 
Energy need is increased in:
wound healing
apathy
ascites
decreased thyroid function
A

wound healing

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14
Q 
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by:
increased body temperature
decreased cortisol level
tachycardia
highest frequency in adolescence
A

highest frequency in adolescence

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15
Q 
Kwashiorkor is characterized by:
decreased serum albumin level
apathia
ascites
liver steatosis
A

decreased serum albumin level
apathia
ascites
liver steatosis

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16
Q 
Ketosis can be formed as a consequence of:
starvation
vomiting
alcoholism
diabetes mellitus type 2
A

starvation
vomiting
alcoholism

17
Q

CORRECT statements about ketone bodies:
in starvation, they are important energy source for neurons
their concentration is the highest in the postabsorption stage of starvation
the smell of exhaled air can indicate their presence during physical examination
the largest ketone body user is the liver

A

in starvation, they are important energy source for neurons

the smell of exhaled air can indicate their presence during physical examination

18
Q

CORRECT statements about substrate level regulation of the caloric cycle:
elevated glucose level inhibits fatty acid synthesis
elevated fatty acid levels inhibits cellular glucose uptake
products of β-oxidation inhibit gluconeogenesis
elevated fatty acid levels enhance glycogenolysis

A

elevated fatty acid levels inhibits cellular glucose uptake

elevated fatty acid levels enhance glycogenolysis

19
Q

CORRECT statements about hormonal level regulation of the caloric cycle:
insulin has a lipolytic effect
glucagon enhances gluconeogenesis
insulin inhibits protein synthesis
epinephrine (adrenalin) has a lipolytic effect

A

glucagon enhances gluconeogenesis

epinephrine (adrenalin) has a lipolytic effect

20
Q

The postabsorption stage of the alimentation cycle is characterized by:
low insulin/glucagon ratio
decreasing fatty acid supply
glycogenolysis
in the muscles, the energy source tissue is primarily glucose

A

low insulin/glucagon ratio

glycogenolysis

21
Q

The postabsorption stage of the alimentation cycle is characterized by:
in the muscles, glucose uptake is decreased
unchanged glucose utilization in the medulla of the kidneys
increasing ketone body production in the liver
the brain primarily utilizes fatty acids as energy source

A

in the muscles, glucose uptake is decreased

unchanged glucose utilization in the medulla of the kidneys

22
Q

Early, non adapted starvation is characterized by:
decreased glucose utilization in red blood cells
enhanced glycogenolysis in the liver
decreased ketone body utilization in the brain
gluconeogenesis in the liver and in kidney cortex

A

gluconeogenesis in the liver and in kidney cortex

23
Q 
True statements about the leptin gene:
it is coded by the ob-gene
leptin-resistance is presumed in obesity
it affects hypophysis function
it is produced in insufficient amounts in obesity
A

it is coded by the ob-gene
leptin-resistance is presumed in obesity

it is produced in insufficient amounts in obesity

24
Q 
Effect(s) of leptin:
decrease hunger sensation
increases physical activity
increases heat emission
decreases heat generation
A

decrease hunger sensation

increases heat emission

25
Q 
If an examined person's BMI is 32.1 kg/m2, his/her classification:
normal bodyweight
obesity grade II
pre-obesity
obesity grade I
A

obesity grade I

26
Q 
Conditions associated with increased energy need:
malignancy
febrile state
trauma
pre-obesity
A

malignancy
febrile state
trauma

27
Q 
Conditions associated with increased energy need EXCEPT:
malignancy
febrile state
trauma
pre-obesity
A

pre-obesity

28
Q

True statements about hormons participating in the regulation of the caloric cycle:
glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis
cortisol stimulates proteolysis
thyroid hormon inhibits lipolysis

A

glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis

cortisol stimulates proteolysis

29
Q

Characteristic of late adapted fasting
decreased glucose utilization in the brain
unchanged glucose utilization in erythrocytes
significant glycogenolysis in the liver
decreased ketone body utilisation in the brain

A

decreased glucose utilization in the brain

unchanged glucose utilization in erythrocytes

30
Q 
Malnutrition can be suspected EXCEPT:
BMI<18,5kg/m2
skin-hair-nail alterations
vitamin deficiency
elevated lymphocyte count
A

elevated lymphocyte count

31
Q 
Marasmus is characterized by:
lack of edema formation
anorexia nervosa and cachexia represent marasmus type diseases in developed countries
simultaneous inflammation
significantly decreased albumin level
A

lack of edema formation

anorexia nervosa and cachexia represent marasmus type diseases in developed countries

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

During the differentiation process of adipose tissue the ration between the white and brown adipose tissue can be altered.

A

True

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

During evolutionary selection those individuals stayed longer alive with a better chance who had an inferior energy storing capacity.

A

False

Pathophysiology 1 MCQ (16 decks)

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