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Pathophysiology 1 MCQ > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

In the myocardium of patients with heart failure
ATP level decreases
phosphocreatine level decreases
the percentage of fatty acid oxidation decreases
the percentage of glucose oxidation decreases

A

ATP level decreases
phosphocreatine level decreases
the percentage of fatty acid oxidation decreases

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2
Q

It is true about the loss of myocardial cells in heart failure
it may be caused by apoptosis
its speed is 10-100 times higher than in healthy subjects
it may be caused by autolysis
its speed is faster only if the heart failure is caused by ischemic heart disease

A

it may be caused by apoptosis

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3
Q 
 It has beneficial effect in heart failure
 aldosterone antagonist
 If inhibitor
 sildenafil (Viagra)
 selective COX-2 inhibitor
A

aldosterone antagonist

sildenafil (Viagra)

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4
Q 
 Immediate compensation mechanism in heart failure
 Frank–Starling mechanism
 sympathetic stimulation
 salt and water retention
 myocardial hypertrophy
A

Frank–Starling mechanism
sympathetic stimulation
salt and water retention

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5
Q 
Symptoms of left sided heart failure
 pulmonary congestion
 dyspnea
 nycturia
 hepatomegaly
A

pulmonary congestion
dyspnea
nycturia

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6
Q

Drugs used in the treatment of chronic heart failure
diuretic therapy – to decrease fluid retention
certain vasodilators
increase contractility – digitalis
vasoconstrictors

A

diuretic therapy – to decrease fluid retention
certain vasodilators
increase contractility – digitalis

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7
Q 
 Result of forward failure in left sided heart failure
 fatigue, weakness
 pulmonary congestion, dyspnea
 orthopnea
 hepatomegaly
A

fatigue, weakness

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8
Q 
 Characteristic symptoms of right-sided heart failure
 hepatomegaly
 edema
 distended neck veins
 dyspnea
A

hepatomegaly
edema
distended neck veins

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9
Q 
 Chronic heart failure may be caused by
 hypertension
 valvular heart disease
 coronary heart disease (CHD)
 hyperkalemia
A

hypertension
valvular heart disease
coronary heart disease (CHD)

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10
Q 
 Which drugs prolong the survival in heart failure
 ACE inhibitors
 angiotensin receptor blockers
 beta-blockers
 vasodilators
A

ACE inhibitors
angiotensin receptor blockers
beta-blockers

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11
Q

Which of the following physical findings may suggest heart failure?
edema
hepatomegaly
distended neck veins
crepitation at the base of the lungs

A

edema
hepatomegaly
distended neck veins
crepitation at the base of the lungs

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12
Q

Which symptoms in patient history may suggest heart failure?
dyspnea
nycturia
orthopnea
burning pain at the apex of the heart

A

dyspnea
nycturia
orthopnea

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13
Q 
May be a symptom of left heart failure
 pulmonary edema
 nycturia
 weakness
 peripheral edema
A

pulmonary edema
nycturia
weakness

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14
Q 
May be a symptom of left heart failure
 hydrothorax
 abdominal discomfort
 increased blood content of the jugular/cervical veins
 pulmonary edema
A

pulmonary edema

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15
Q 
 May be an underlying cause of heart failure
 hypertension
 cardiomyopathy
 valvular heart disease
 renal failure
A

hypertension
cardiomyopathy
valvular heart disease
renal failure

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16
Q 
 Precipitating factors in heart failure
 fever
 hyperthyroidism
 increased salt intake
 increased fat intake
A

fever
hyperthyroidism
increased salt intake

17
Q 
 Precipitating factors  in heart failure
 drug effect
 myocarditis
 arrhythmia
 myocardial ischemia
A

drug effect
myocarditis
arrhythmia
myocardial ischemia

18
Q 
 Part of the hemodynamic defense reaction
 vasodilation
 cardiac stimulation
 myocardial hypertrophy
 salt and water retention
A

cardiac stimulation

salt and water retention

19
Q 
The ejection fraction in a healthy subject is
 35–55%
 55–75%
 75–95%
 95–100%
A

55–75%

20
Q 
Possible causative factor of heart failure:
 hypertension
 alcoholism
 pulmonary embolism
 myocarditis
A

hypertension

pulmonary embolism
myocarditis

21
Q

These drugs are used in the treatment of heart failure. Choose the matching drug-effect pairs!
ACE inhibitors – inhibit the RAAS
beta-blockers – decrease the sympathetic activity
digitalis drugs – have positive inotropic effect
diuretics – decrease the afterload

A

ACE inhibitors – inhibit the RAAS
beta-blockers – decrease the sympathetic activity
digitalis drugs – have positive inotropic effect

22
Q 
Compensatory mechanisms in heart failure
 increased salt and water retention
 anemia
 hypertrophy of the left ventricle
 peripheral vasodilation
A

increased salt and water retention

hypertrophy of the left ventricle

23
Q 
 The cardiac output in a healthy adult
 2,5 l/min
 3 l/min
 4 l/min
 5 l/min
A

5 l/min

24
Q 
 Cardiac output may be increased by
 increasing EF (ejection fraction)
 the Frank-Starling mechanism
 shortening the diastole duration
 increasing cortisol secretion
A

increasing EF (ejection fraction)
the Frank-Starling mechanism

increasing cortisol secretion

25
Q 
Possible consequence of increased atrial frequency
 appearance of non-conducted beats
 deterioration of coronary blood filling
 palpitation
 P-pulmonale
A

appearance of non-conducted beats

palpitation

26
Q

Ways to increase preload in a healthy subject
increasing the end diastolic volume
decreasing stroke volume
increasing the end diastolic pressure
increasing the duration of diastole

A

increasing the end diastolic volume
decreasing stroke volume

increasing the duration of diastole

27
Q 
 Preload is determined by
 distension capability (lusitropy) of the ventricle
 ventricular function
 CVP (central venous pressure)
 circulatory volume
A

distension capability (lusitropy) of the ventricle
ventricular function

circulatory volume

28
Q 
 The normal value for the CVP (central venous pressure)
 4 mmHg
 7 mmHg
 15 mmHg
 11 mmHg
 20 mmHg
A

4 mmHg

29
Q 
Response(s) in heart failure
 water retention
 appearance of fetal myosin-forms
 remodeling of the myocardium
 increases in parasympathetic tone
A

water retention
appearance of fetal myosin-forms
remodeling of the myocardium

30
Q 
May lead to decompensation of heart failure
 arrhythmia
 infection
 myocardial ischaemia
 severe anaemia
A

arrhythmia
infection
myocardial ischaemia
severe anaemia

31
Q 
 Heart failure may be caused by
 orthostatic hypotension
 alcoholism
 increased salt intake
 valvular heart disease
A

alcoholism
increased salt intake
valvular heart disease

32
Q

May lead to decompensation of heart failure
infection
acute salt load as a consequence of nourishment
atrial fibrillation
pulmonary embolism

A

infection
acute salt load as a consequence of nourishment
atrial fibrillation
pulmonary embolism

Pathophysiology 1 MCQ (16 decks)

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