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Pathophysiology 1 MCQ > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

In the myocardium of patients with heart failure
ATP level decreases
phosphocreatine level decreases
the percentage of fatty acid oxidation decreases
the percentage of glucose oxidation decreases

A

ATP level decreases
phosphocreatine level decreases
the percentage of fatty acid oxidation decreases

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2
Q

It is true about the loss of myocardial cells in heart failure
it may be caused by apoptosis
its speed is 10-100 times higher than in healthy subjects
it may be caused by autolysis
its speed is faster only if the heart failure is caused by ischemic heart disease

A

it may be caused by apoptosis

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3
Q 
 It has beneficial effect in heart failure
 aldosterone antagonist
 If inhibitor
 sildenafil (Viagra)
 selective COX-2 inhibitor
A

aldosterone antagonist

sildenafil (Viagra)

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4
Q 
 Immediate compensation mechanism in heart failure
 Frank–Starling mechanism
 sympathetic stimulation
 salt and water retention
 myocardial hypertrophy
A

Frank–Starling mechanism
sympathetic stimulation
salt and water retention

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5
Q 
Symptoms of left sided heart failure
 pulmonary congestion
 dyspnea
 nycturia
 hepatomegaly
A

pulmonary congestion
dyspnea
nycturia

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6
Q

Drugs used in the treatment of chronic heart failure
diuretic therapy – to decrease fluid retention
certain vasodilators
increase contractility – digitalis
vasoconstrictors

A

diuretic therapy – to decrease fluid retention
certain vasodilators
increase contractility – digitalis

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7
Q 
 Result of forward failure in left sided heart failure
 fatigue, weakness
 pulmonary congestion, dyspnea
 orthopnea
 hepatomegaly
A

fatigue, weakness

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8
Q 
 Characteristic symptoms of right-sided heart failure
 hepatomegaly
 edema
 distended neck veins
 dyspnea
A

hepatomegaly
edema
distended neck veins

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9
Q 
 Chronic heart failure may be caused by
 hypertension
 valvular heart disease
 coronary heart disease (CHD)
 hyperkalemia
A

hypertension
valvular heart disease
coronary heart disease (CHD)

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10
Q 
 Which drugs prolong the survival in heart failure
 ACE inhibitors
 angiotensin receptor blockers
 beta-blockers
 vasodilators
A

ACE inhibitors
angiotensin receptor blockers
beta-blockers

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11
Q

Which of the following physical findings may suggest heart failure?
edema
hepatomegaly
distended neck veins
crepitation at the base of the lungs

A

edema
hepatomegaly
distended neck veins
crepitation at the base of the lungs

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12
Q

Which symptoms in patient history may suggest heart failure?
dyspnea
nycturia
orthopnea
burning pain at the apex of the heart

A

dyspnea
nycturia
orthopnea

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13
Q 
May be a symptom of left heart failure
 pulmonary edema
 nycturia
 weakness
 peripheral edema
A

pulmonary edema
nycturia
weakness

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14
Q 
May be a symptom of left heart failure
 hydrothorax
 abdominal discomfort
 increased blood content of the jugular/cervical veins
 pulmonary edema
A

pulmonary edema

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15
Q 
 May be an underlying cause of heart failure
 hypertension
 cardiomyopathy
 valvular heart disease
 renal failure
A

hypertension
cardiomyopathy
valvular heart disease
renal failure

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16
Q 
 Precipitating factors in heart failure
 fever
 hyperthyroidism
 increased salt intake
 increased fat intake
A

fever
hyperthyroidism
increased salt intake

17
Q 
 Precipitating factors  in heart failure
 drug effect
 myocarditis
 arrhythmia
 myocardial ischemia
A

drug effect
myocarditis
arrhythmia
myocardial ischemia

18
Q 
 Part of the hemodynamic defense reaction
 vasodilation
 cardiac stimulation
 myocardial hypertrophy
 salt and water retention
A

cardiac stimulation

salt and water retention

19
Q 
The ejection fraction in a healthy subject is
 35–55%
 55–75%
 75–95%
 95–100%
20
Q 
Possible causative factor of heart failure:
 hypertension
 alcoholism
 pulmonary embolism
 myocarditis
A

hypertension

pulmonary embolism
myocarditis

21
Q

These drugs are used in the treatment of heart failure. Choose the matching drug-effect pairs!
ACE inhibitors – inhibit the RAAS
beta-blockers – decrease the sympathetic activity
digitalis drugs – have positive inotropic effect
diuretics – decrease the afterload

A

ACE inhibitors – inhibit the RAAS
beta-blockers – decrease the sympathetic activity
digitalis drugs – have positive inotropic effect

22
Q 
Compensatory mechanisms in heart failure
 increased salt and water retention
 anemia
 hypertrophy of the left ventricle
 peripheral vasodilation
A

increased salt and water retention

hypertrophy of the left ventricle

23
Q 
 The cardiac output in a healthy adult
 2,5 l/min
 3 l/min
 4 l/min
 5 l/min
24
Q 
 Cardiac output may be increased by
 increasing EF (ejection fraction)
 the Frank-Starling mechanism
 shortening the diastole duration
 increasing cortisol secretion
A

increasing EF (ejection fraction)
the Frank-Starling mechanism

increasing cortisol secretion

25
``` Possible consequence of increased atrial frequency appearance of non-conducted beats deterioration of coronary blood filling palpitation P-pulmonale ```
appearance of non-conducted beats palpitation
26
      Ways to increase preload in a healthy subject       increasing the end diastolic volume       decreasing stroke volume       increasing the end diastolic pressure       increasing the duration of diastole
      increasing the end diastolic volume       decreasing stroke volume       increasing the duration of diastole
27
```       Preload is determined by       distension capability (lusitropy) of the ventricle       ventricular function       CVP (central venous pressure)       circulatory volume ```
      distension capability (lusitropy) of the ventricle       ventricular function       circulatory volume
28
```       The normal value for the CVP (central venous pressure)     4 mmHg      7 mmHg      15 mmHg     11 mmHg      20 mmHg ```
    4 mmHg
29
``` Response(s) in heart failure water retention appearance of fetal myosin-forms remodeling of the myocardium increases in parasympathetic tone ```
water retention appearance of fetal myosin-forms remodeling of the myocardium
30
``` May lead to decompensation of heart failure arrhythmia infection myocardial ischaemia severe anaemia ```
arrhythmia infection myocardial ischaemia severe anaemia
31
```       Heart failure may be caused by       orthostatic hypotension       alcoholism       increased salt intake       valvular heart disease ```
      alcoholism       increased salt intake       valvular heart disease
32
May lead to decompensation of heart failure infection acute salt load as a consequence of nourishment atrial fibrillation pulmonary embolism
infection acute salt load as a consequence of nourishment atrial fibrillation pulmonary embolism

Pathophysiology 1 MCQ (16 decks)

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