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Pathophysiology 1 MCQ > Pituitary Disorders > Flashcards

Pituitary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q 
Tropic hormones, except:
  TSH
 ACTH
 LPH
  LH
 FSH
A

LPH

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2
Q 
 Hypothalamic hormones, except:
 TRH
 GnRH
 hCG
 Vasopressin
 CRH
A

hCG

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3
Q 
 Corticotropin-related peptides, except:
 ACTH
 LPH
 MSH
 prolactin
 endorphins
A

prolactin

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4
Q 
 Which pituitary hormone level will decrease first due to a progressive loss of pituitary function?
 TSH
 ACTH
 LH
 ADH
 prolactin
A

LH

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5
Q 
Glycoprotein hormones, except:
 hCG
 testosterone
 TSH
 FSH
 LH
A

testosterone

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6
Q 
Somatomammotrop peptides:
 hCG
 LH
 LPH
 prolactin
 MSH
A

prolactin

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7
Q 
 Loss of pituitary function develops due to, except:
 adenoma
 craniopharyngeoma
 aplasia
 iatrogenic
 Addison’s-disease
A

Addison’s disease

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8
Q 
Formed in the frontal lobe of hypophysis, except:
  GH
 prolactin
 oxytocin
  LH
 TSH
A

oxytocin

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9
Q 
 Sheehan’s syndrome may develop, due to:
 adenoma
 hypophysectomy
 infection
 brain edema
 increased blood loss at birth
A

increased blood loss at birth

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10
Q 
  First symptom of Sheehan-syndrome could be:
 loss of pubic hair
 impotence
 failure of lactation
 anemia
 vitiligo
A

failure of lactation

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11
Q 
 Cause of nanosomia, except:
 McCune–Albright syndrome
 achondroplasia
 osteogenesis imperfecta
 Turner syndrome
 hypothyroidism
A

McCune–Albright syndrome

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12
Q 
 The most frequent cause of nanosomia:
  GH-related disorders
 psychogenic causes
 hypothyroidism
  achondroplasia
 connective tissue diseases
A 
  GH-related disorders
 psychogenic causes
 hypothyroidism
  achondroplasia
 connective tissue diseases
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13
Q

False statement for dwarfism:
adult height < 147 cm
Se GH-level is always low
connective tissue disorders can also cause
the most common cause is achondroplasia formed as a result of FGF R3 mutation
can develop even with an increased secretion of GH

A

Se GH-level is always low

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14
Q 
 Clinical signs of growth hormone deficiency, except:
 growth retardation (in childhood)
 central obesity
 muscle weakness
 decreased BMD
 Se  HDL↑
A

central obesity

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15
Q 
 Clinical signs of growth hormone deficiency, except:
 insulin resistance
 serum LDL↑
 macroglossia
 pathological fractures
 decreased BMD
A

macroglossia

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16
Q

Typical features of Laron-dwarfs, except:
extreme short stature
decreased Se GH
decreased Se IGF-I
GH-secretion cannot be inhibited with glucose
hereditary disorder

A

decreased Se GH

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17
Q

Characteristic finding in Pigmies dwarfism
complete lack of IGF-II
reduced serum GH level
failure of IGF-I to increase at puberty
extreme short stature (<120 cm)
IGF-I receptor deficiency

A

failure of IGF-I to increase at puberty

IGF-I receptor deficiency

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18
Q 
 The following hormones synthetized by adenohypophysis, except:
 GH
 ADH
 TSH
 GnRH
A

ADH

?GnRH

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19
Q 
 Clinical symptoms of acromegaly:
 hyperostosis
 cardiomegaly
 barrel chest
 hypogonadism
A

hyperostosis
cardiomegaly
barrel chest
hypogonadism

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20
Q

Correct statements for Laron-dwarfism:
GH-receptor defect
GH secretion is suppressed by glucose
extreme short (<120 cm) statue
the incidence of malignancy and DM is increased in these patients

A

GH-receptor defect

extreme short (<120 cm) statue
?the incidence of malignancy and DM is increased in these patients

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21
Q 
  Clinical manifestations of  prolactinoma in men:
 headache
 hirsutism
 gynecomastia
 virilization
A

headache

gynecomastia

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22
Q 
  Clinical manifestation of prolactinoma in women:
 amenorrhea
 virilization
 hirsutism
 gynecomastia
A

amenorrhea

hirsutism

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23
Q 
 Clinical manifestation of prolactinoma in women, except:
 amenorrhea
 headache
 hirsutisms
 gynecomastia
A

gynecomastia

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24
Q 
 Clinical signs of prolactinoma:
 infertility
 primary or secondary amenorrhea
 decreased libido
 hypertension
A

primary or secondary amenorrhea

decreased libido

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25
Q 
 Characteristic signs of acromegaly, except:
 tall statue
 prognathism
 obesity
 macroglossia
A

obesity

26
Q 
 Characteristic signs of diabetes insipidus:
 hyperhidrosis
 nycturia or nocturnal enuresis
 hyponatremic dehydration
 polyuria, polydipsia, thirst
A

nycturia or nocturnal enuresis
hyponatremic dehydration
polyuria, polydipsia, thirst

27
Q 
 Possible cause of polyuria:
 central diabetes insipidus
 nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
 renal failure
 diabetes mellitus
A

central diabetes insipidus
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
renal failure
diabetes mellitus

28
Q 
 Possible cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:
 chronic pyelonephritis
 sickle cell anemia
 Lithium treatment
 diabetic glomerulosclerosis
A

chronic pyelonephritis
sickle cell anemia
Lithium treatment

29
Q 
 Causes of SIADH:
 pneumonia
 small cell carcinoma of the lung
 subarachnoid bleeding
 myocardial infarct
A

pneumonia
small cell carcinoma of the lung
subarachnoid bleeding

30
Q 
 Characteristic signs of diabetes insipidus, except:
 hyperhidrosis
 nycturia or nocturnal enuresis
 hyponatremic dehydration
 polyuria, polydipsia, thirst
A

?hyperhidrosis

31
Q 
 Possible causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:
 chronic pyelonephritis
 sickle cell anemia
 hypokalemia
     Lithium treatment
A

chronic pyelonephritis
sickle cell anemia
hypokalemia
Lithium treatment

32
Q

Effects of ADH:
During hypovolemia high plasma levels of AVP (ADH) help maintain tissue perfusion
Stimulates the synthesis and release of factor VIII and von-Willebrand factor via V2 non-renal receptors
Vasoconstriction
Enhances reabsorption of urea increasing tonicity of the renal medulla allowing more water to be re-absorbed

A

During hypovolemia high plasma levels of AVP (ADH) help maintain tissue perfusion

Vasoconstriction
Enhances reabsorption of urea increasing tonicity of the renal medulla allowing more water to be re-absorbed

33
Q 
 ADH release is stimulated by:
 plasma osmolality > 280 mosm/l
 emotional factors and stress
 sleep
 histamine
A

plasma osmolality > 280 mosm/l
emotional factors and stress
sleep
histamine

34
Q 
 Clinical signs of Klinefelter syndrome:
 gynecomastia
 hypertension, renal abnormalities
 eunuchoid habits
 coarctation of the aorta
A

gynecomastia

eunuchoid habits

35
Q 
 Clinical signs of Turner syndrome:
 gynecomastia
 hypertension, renal abnormalities
 progressive testicular damage
 coarctation of the aorta
A

hypertension, renal

coarctation of the aorta

36
Q 
 Hirsutism can be caused by:
 polycystic ovary syndrome
 hypothyroidism
 Cushing’s syndrome
 Klinefelter syndrome
A

polycystic ovary syndrome

Cushing’s syndrome

37
Q 
 Which of the following diseases can cause hirsutism?
 polycystic ovary syndrome
 congenital adrenal hyperplasia
 Cushing’s syndrome
 hyperparathyreosis
A

polycystic ovary syndrome
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Cushing’s syndrome

38
Q 
 Possible causes of gynecomastia:
  hyperthyroidism
  puberty
  cirrhosis
  11b-hydroxylase deficiency
A

puberty

cirrhosis

39
Q 
 Causes of primary hypogonadism:
 Klinefelter syndrome
 mumps viral infection
 cryptorchidism
 seminoma
A

Klinefelter syndrome

40
Q 
 Clinical signs of polycystic ovary syndrome:
 oligomenorrhea
 dyslipidemia
 IGT / IFG
 weight loss
A

oligomenorrhea

dyslipidemia

41
Q 
 Characteristic laboratory findings in polycystic ovary syndrome:
 Se  LH↑
 Se  FSH↑
 Se  estrogen↑
 Se  insulin ↓
A

Se LH↑
Se FSH↑

Se insulin ↓

42
Q 
 Characteristic laboratory findings in polycystic ovary syndrome:
 Se  prolactin↓
 Se  SHBG ↓
 Se  insulin ↓
 Se  testosterone↑
A

Se SHBG ↓

Se testosterone↑

43
Q 
 Clinical signs of polycystic ovary syndrome:
 amenorrhea
 hirsutisms
 acnes 
 smaller ovaries
A

hirsutisms

acnes

44
Q 
 May indicate polycystic ovary syndrome:
 oligomenorrhea
 dyslipidemia
 IGT / IFG
 weight loss
A

oligomenorrhea

dyslipidemia

45
Q 
 Cause acromegaly:
 McCune–Albright syndrome
 pituitary-adenoma
 paraneoplastic syndrome
 Cushing-disease
A

pituitary-adenoma

46
Q

True statements for Klinefelter syndrome:
the most common cause of primary hypogonadism
tall statue
breast cancer often develops
karyotype: XX0

A

the most common cause of primary hypogonadism
tall statue
breast cancer often develops

47
Q 
 Clinical symptoms of Turner syndrome:
 short statue
 obesity
 short neck, shield shape chest
 Hashimoto’s thyreoiditis
A

short statue
obesity
short neck, shield shape chest
Hashimoto’s thyreoiditis

48
Q

Possible cause of pseudo hermaphroditism in men:
failure of secretion of testosterone or Müllerian duct inhibitory factors
testicular feminization
failure of conversion of testosterone to DHT
Turner syndrome

A

failure of secretion of testosterone or Müllerian duct inhibitory factors

failure of conversion of testosterone to DHT

49
Q 
 Causes of precocious puberty praecox can be:
 congenital adrenal hyperplasia
 McCune–Albright syndrome
 regular use of marijuana 
 hCG-secrteting tumor
A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia
McCune–Albright syndrome
regular use of marijuana
hCG-secrteting tumor

50
Q 
 Clinical signs of androgen excess in women:
 acnes
 hypotension
 dyslipidemia
 vitiligo
A

acnes

51
Q 
 Clinical signs of androgen excess in women:
 alopecia
 hypertension
 hirsutisms
 gynecomastia
A

alopecia
hypertension
hirsutisms

52
Q 
 Clinical signs of androgen excess in women:
 central obesity
 dysmenorrhea
 insulin resistance
 galactorrhea
A

dysmenorrhea

insulin resistance

53
Q 
 Causes of primary amenorrhea:
 chromosomal abnormality
 Müllerian duct agenesis
 anorexia nervosa
 Kallmann syndrome
A

Kallmann syndrome

54
Q 
 Causes of primary amenorrhea:
 Turner syndrome
 pregnancy
 hypopituitarism
 artificial abortion
A

Turner syndrome

55
Q 
 Causes of secondary amenorrhea:
 artificial abortion
 prolactinoma
 pregnancy
 Kallmann syndrome
A

prolactinoma

pregnancy

56
Q 
 Most common causes of hypertrichosis:
 polycystic ovary syndrome
 hypothyroidism
 Klinefelter syndrome
 paraneoplastic syndrome
A

hypothyroidism

paraneoplastic syndrome

57
Q 
 Most common causes of hypertrichosis:
 drugs (phenytoin, cyclosporine)
 anorexia nervosa
 porphyria
 liver cirrhosis
A

drugs (phenytoin, cyclosporine)
anorexia nervosa
porphyria

58
Q 
 Clinical signs of endometriosis:
 dysmenorrhea
 dyspareunia
 infertility
 hirsutisms
A

dysmenorrhea
dyspareunia
infertility

59
Q 
 Risk factors of endometriosis:
 early menarche
 long menstrual cycle
 alcohol consumption
 smoking
A

early menarche

alcohol consumption

60
Q 
 Risk factors of endometriosis:
 late menarche
 short menstrual cycle
 multiple pregnancy
 caffeine consumption
A

short menstrual cycle

caffeine consumption

Pathophysiology 1 MCQ (16 decks)

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