Pituitary Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Tropic hormones, except: TSH ACTH LPH LH FSH
A
LPH
2
Q
Hypothalamic hormones, except: TRH GnRH hCG Vasopressin CRH
A
hCG
3
Q
Corticotropin-related peptides, except: ACTH LPH MSH prolactin endorphins
A
prolactin
4
Q
Which pituitary hormone level will decrease first due to a progressive loss of pituitary function? TSH ACTH LH ADH prolactin
A
LH
5
Q
Glycoprotein hormones, except: hCG testosterone TSH FSH LH
A
testosterone
6
Q
Somatomammotrop peptides: hCG LH LPH prolactin MSH
A
prolactin
7
Q
Loss of pituitary function develops due to, except: adenoma craniopharyngeoma aplasia iatrogenic Addison’s-disease
A
Addison’s disease
8
Q
Formed in the frontal lobe of hypophysis, except: GH prolactin oxytocin LH TSH
A
oxytocin
9
Q
Sheehan’s syndrome may develop, due to: adenoma hypophysectomy infection brain edema increased blood loss at birth
A
increased blood loss at birth
10
Q
First symptom of Sheehan-syndrome could be: loss of pubic hair impotence failure of lactation anemia vitiligo
A
failure of lactation
11
Q
Cause of nanosomia, except: McCune–Albright syndrome achondroplasia osteogenesis imperfecta Turner syndrome hypothyroidism
A
McCune–Albright syndrome
12
Q
The most frequent cause of nanosomia: GH-related disorders psychogenic causes hypothyroidism achondroplasia connective tissue diseases
A
GH-related disorders psychogenic causes hypothyroidism achondroplasia connective tissue diseases
13
Q
False statement for dwarfism:
adult height < 147 cm
Se GH-level is always low
connective tissue disorders can also cause
the most common cause is achondroplasia formed as a result of FGF R3 mutation
can develop even with an increased secretion of GH
A
Se GH-level is always low
14
Q
Clinical signs of growth hormone deficiency, except: growth retardation (in childhood) central obesity muscle weakness decreased BMD Se HDL↑
A
central obesity
15
Q
Clinical signs of growth hormone deficiency, except: insulin resistance serum LDL↑ macroglossia pathological fractures decreased BMD
A
macroglossia
16
Q
Typical features of Laron-dwarfs, except:
extreme short stature
decreased Se GH
decreased Se IGF-I
GH-secretion cannot be inhibited with glucose
hereditary disorder
A
decreased Se GH
17
Q
Characteristic finding in Pigmies dwarfism
complete lack of IGF-II
reduced serum GH level
failure of IGF-I to increase at puberty
extreme short stature (<120 cm)
IGF-I receptor deficiency
A
failure of IGF-I to increase at puberty
IGF-I receptor deficiency
18
Q
The following hormones synthetized by adenohypophysis, except: GH ADH TSH GnRH
A
ADH
?GnRH
19
Q
Clinical symptoms of acromegaly: hyperostosis cardiomegaly barrel chest hypogonadism
A
hyperostosis
cardiomegaly
barrel chest
hypogonadism
20
Q
Correct statements for Laron-dwarfism:
GH-receptor defect
GH secretion is suppressed by glucose
extreme short (<120 cm) statue
the incidence of malignancy and DM is increased in these patients
A
GH-receptor defect
extreme short (<120 cm) statue
?the incidence of malignancy and DM is increased in these patients
21
Q
Clinical manifestations of prolactinoma in men: headache hirsutism gynecomastia virilization
A
headache
gynecomastia
22
Q
Clinical manifestation of prolactinoma in women: amenorrhea virilization hirsutism gynecomastia
A
amenorrhea
hirsutism
23
Q
Clinical manifestation of prolactinoma in women, except: amenorrhea headache hirsutisms gynecomastia
A
gynecomastia
24
Q
Clinical signs of prolactinoma: infertility primary or secondary amenorrhea decreased libido hypertension
A
primary or secondary amenorrhea
decreased libido
25
```
Characteristic signs of acromegaly, except:
tall statue
prognathism
obesity
macroglossia
```
obesity
26
```
Characteristic signs of diabetes insipidus:
hyperhidrosis
nycturia or nocturnal enuresis
hyponatremic dehydration
polyuria, polydipsia, thirst
```
nycturia or nocturnal enuresis
hyponatremic dehydration
polyuria, polydipsia, thirst
27
```
Possible cause of polyuria:
central diabetes insipidus
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
renal failure
diabetes mellitus
```
central diabetes insipidus
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
renal failure
diabetes mellitus
28
```
Possible cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:
chronic pyelonephritis
sickle cell anemia
Lithium treatment
diabetic glomerulosclerosis
```
chronic pyelonephritis
sickle cell anemia
Lithium treatment
29
```
Causes of SIADH:
pneumonia
small cell carcinoma of the lung
subarachnoid bleeding
myocardial infarct
```
pneumonia
small cell carcinoma of the lung
subarachnoid bleeding
30
```
Characteristic signs of diabetes insipidus, except:
hyperhidrosis
nycturia or nocturnal enuresis
hyponatremic dehydration
polyuria, polydipsia, thirst
```
?hyperhidrosis
31
```
Possible causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:
chronic pyelonephritis
sickle cell anemia
hypokalemia
Lithium treatment
```
chronic pyelonephritis
sickle cell anemia
hypokalemia
Lithium treatment
32
Effects of ADH:
During hypovolemia high plasma levels of AVP (ADH) help maintain tissue perfusion
Stimulates the synthesis and release of factor VIII and von-Willebrand factor via V2 non-renal receptors
Vasoconstriction
Enhances reabsorption of urea increasing tonicity of the renal medulla allowing more water to be re-absorbed
During hypovolemia high plasma levels of AVP (ADH) help maintain tissue perfusion
Vasoconstriction
Enhances reabsorption of urea increasing tonicity of the renal medulla allowing more water to be re-absorbed
33
```
ADH release is stimulated by:
plasma osmolality > 280 mosm/l
emotional factors and stress
sleep
histamine
```
plasma osmolality > 280 mosm/l
emotional factors and stress
sleep
histamine
34
```
Clinical signs of Klinefelter syndrome:
gynecomastia
hypertension, renal abnormalities
eunuchoid habits
coarctation of the aorta
```
gynecomastia
eunuchoid habits
35
```
Clinical signs of Turner syndrome:
gynecomastia
hypertension, renal abnormalities
progressive testicular damage
coarctation of the aorta
```
hypertension, renal
coarctation of the aorta
36
```
Hirsutism can be caused by:
polycystic ovary syndrome
hypothyroidism
Cushing’s syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
```
polycystic ovary syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome
37
```
Which of the following diseases can cause hirsutism?
polycystic ovary syndrome
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Cushing’s syndrome
hyperparathyreosis
```
polycystic ovary syndrome
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Cushing’s syndrome
38
```
Possible causes of gynecomastia:
hyperthyroidism
puberty
cirrhosis
11b-hydroxylase deficiency
```
puberty
| cirrhosis
39
```
Causes of primary hypogonadism:
Klinefelter syndrome
mumps viral infection
cryptorchidism
seminoma
```
Klinefelter syndrome
40
```
Clinical signs of polycystic ovary syndrome:
oligomenorrhea
dyslipidemia
IGT / IFG
weight loss
```
oligomenorrhea
| dyslipidemia
41
```
Characteristic laboratory findings in polycystic ovary syndrome:
Se LH↑
Se FSH↑
Se estrogen↑
Se insulin ↓
```
Se LH↑
Se FSH↑
Se insulin ↓
42
```
Characteristic laboratory findings in polycystic ovary syndrome:
Se prolactin↓
Se SHBG ↓
Se insulin ↓
Se testosterone↑
```
Se SHBG ↓
Se testosterone↑
43
```
Clinical signs of polycystic ovary syndrome:
amenorrhea
hirsutisms
acnes
smaller ovaries
```
hirsutisms
| acnes
44
```
May indicate polycystic ovary syndrome:
oligomenorrhea
dyslipidemia
IGT / IFG
weight loss
```
oligomenorrhea
| dyslipidemia
45
```
Cause acromegaly:
McCune–Albright syndrome
pituitary-adenoma
paraneoplastic syndrome
Cushing-disease
```
pituitary-adenoma
46
True statements for Klinefelter syndrome:
the most common cause of primary hypogonadism
tall statue
breast cancer often develops
karyotype: XX0
the most common cause of primary hypogonadism
tall statue
breast cancer often develops
47
```
Clinical symptoms of Turner syndrome:
short statue
obesity
short neck, shield shape chest
Hashimoto’s thyreoiditis
```
short statue
obesity
short neck, shield shape chest
Hashimoto’s thyreoiditis
48
Possible cause of pseudo hermaphroditism in men:
failure of secretion of testosterone or Müllerian duct inhibitory factors
testicular feminization
failure of conversion of testosterone to DHT
Turner syndrome
failure of secretion of testosterone or Müllerian duct inhibitory factors
failure of conversion of testosterone to DHT
49
```
Causes of precocious puberty praecox can be:
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
McCune–Albright syndrome
regular use of marijuana
hCG-secrteting tumor
```
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
McCune–Albright syndrome
regular use of marijuana
hCG-secrteting tumor
50
```
Clinical signs of androgen excess in women:
acnes
hypotension
dyslipidemia
vitiligo
```
acnes
51
```
Clinical signs of androgen excess in women:
alopecia
hypertension
hirsutisms
gynecomastia
```
alopecia
hypertension
hirsutisms
52
```
Clinical signs of androgen excess in women:
central obesity
dysmenorrhea
insulin resistance
galactorrhea
```
dysmenorrhea
| insulin resistance
53
```
Causes of primary amenorrhea:
chromosomal abnormality
Müllerian duct agenesis
anorexia nervosa
Kallmann syndrome
```
Kallmann syndrome
54
```
Causes of primary amenorrhea:
Turner syndrome
pregnancy
hypopituitarism
artificial abortion
```
Turner syndrome
55
```
Causes of secondary amenorrhea:
artificial abortion
prolactinoma
pregnancy
Kallmann syndrome
```
prolactinoma
| pregnancy
56
```
Most common causes of hypertrichosis:
polycystic ovary syndrome
hypothyroidism
Klinefelter syndrome
paraneoplastic syndrome
```
hypothyroidism
paraneoplastic syndrome
57
```
Most common causes of hypertrichosis:
drugs (phenytoin, cyclosporine)
anorexia nervosa
porphyria
liver cirrhosis
```
drugs (phenytoin, cyclosporine)
anorexia nervosa
porphyria
58
```
Clinical signs of endometriosis:
dysmenorrhea
dyspareunia
infertility
hirsutisms
```
dysmenorrhea
dyspareunia
infertility
59
```
Risk factors of endometriosis:
early menarche
long menstrual cycle
alcohol consumption
smoking
```
early menarche
alcohol consumption
60
```
Risk factors of endometriosis:
late menarche
short menstrual cycle
multiple pregnancy
caffeine consumption
```
short menstrual cycle
caffeine consumption
